多源遥感数据综合解译鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区地质构造

利用多源遥感数据假彩色合成、融合及纹理分析等增强处理方法提取研究区构造信息,进而对研究区进行综合解译;通过分析水系、色调、纹理、地貌及岩性等特征,判断出杭锦旗地区存在一小一大、内外相套的2个环形构造,发育的北西向、北东向2组共轭断层和一组北北西向断层,与环形构造相互构架,构成研究区特殊的构造体系。经分析预测,这些构造是受周边南北向构造应力共同挤压而形成。     

葛店矿双庙扩大区三维地震勘探

葛店煤矿双庙扩大区位于豫、皖两省交界处。勘探区为一轴向北北东向的不对称向斜构造,地层倾角26°～30°,测区深部有岩浆岩侵入体,严重影响煤层赋存形态;地表条件复杂,村庄密集、河流较多,测区东侧塌陷区水塘大面积分布．三维地震勘探野外施工难度大。本区地震勘探观测系统设计为12线18炮制,为避免偏移归位及叠加次数降低等问题,在向斜轴部两侧、村子周边及河岸处适当加密炮点,并在塌陷区利用钢钎插置检波器以保证CDP点完整性。数据处理采取了叠前反褶积、叠前时间偏移等技术,数据处理效果显著。遵循多波组对比、多个数据体综合解释的原则,以纵向、横向和任意时间剖面相结合,充分利用三维可视化技术进行地震资料解释。本次勘探成果查明了主采煤层三2^2、二2煤层的构造形态及埋藏深度;解释落差5m以上断层34条,其中修改原有断层5条;另外新发现小于5m的异常断点22个。经巷道验证煤层底板标高误差0．43％～1．96％,巷道已揭露断层7条,与解释成果基本一致。     

雁南煤矿北二采区充水因素及开采影响评价

在全面分析大雁矿业集团公司雁南煤矿北二采区的水文地质条件及煤层开采矿井充水因素的基础上,计算了开采27^1号煤层时导水裂隙带发育高度．得出了北二采区各煤层工作面开采即不会受到上部砂砾含水层的影响,雁南煤矿铁路涵洞以西的胜利河冲击沟也不会受到北二采区的采动塌陷影响的结论。     

浅谈测井方法在工程勘察中的应用

地球物理测井应用于工程勘察中,能够较好地解决用钻探不易解决的问题,如有效判别薄夹层、寻找井旁隐伏断裂破碎带、判断孔内土层稳定性以及测定土层的速度等。其中自然伽马测井曲线在判定含砾粘土夹层及软弱薄粘土夹层等方面具有较高的准确性;声波、井径、自然γ、视电阻率等测井方法可有效查找井旁隐伏断裂破碎带,特别是声波测井曲线异常更为明显;另外跨孔实测剪切波速还可进行地基土加固效果检验。     

The propagation of a single shear crack: A displacement discontinuity model

Numerical studies using the displacement discontinuity method show that a single shear crack under compression propagates in its own direction, because such propagation results in the maximum release of strain energy. The methods of linear elastic fracture mechanics may not be used for such a closed crack, and the stress intensity factors are meaningless in that case. Laboratory observations of propagation by means of kinks at an angle of approximately 70° to the crack may be due to heterogeneities, to the effect of a preexisting crack, to end effects, to microcracking, or to some combination of these factors. Such kinks may thus be local phenomena which cannot release most of the strain energy, and are not incompatible with our numerical results which are based on a global energy balance.     

On the physical model of earthquake precursor fields and the mechanism of precursors＇timespace distribution──origin and evidences of the strong body earthquake──generating model

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Mobility of heavy metals from tailings to stream waters in local zinc smelting activities contaminated site

It has been found that stream waters were severely contaminated with wastes from a long-time smelting factory in Hezhang, Guizhou, China. The main sources of contamination are the smelting wastes stored in the open air and abandoned in the vicinity of stream. A method of lead isotope was adopted in order to identify relations between tailings and water contamination. Representative samples of tailings and stream sediments were collected. Mineralogical characterizations were conducted using XRD and TEM/SEM, while acid digestion was carried out for determining metal contents. BCR sequential leaching tests were performed in order to assess metal mobility. The tremendous ‘actual＇ and ‘potential＇ mobility of heavy metals indicates that the smelting waste and stream sediments present a considerable threat to the environment. Besides the chemical remobilization of heavy metals from the sediments and the reworking of riverbed sediments act as a secondary source of pollution. Also groundwater and stream water were sampled in specific locations and were measured.     

A Connectivity Index for Discrete Fracture Networks

Connectivity is an important measure for assessing flow transport in rock, especially through fractures. In this paper, rock fracture systems are modelled by a discrete fracture model simulated by a marked point process. A connectivity index is then introduced to quantify the connectivity between any two points in space. Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the connectivity index for stationary cases and relationships between the connectivity index and the parameters of the discrete fracture model are analysed. The average number of intersections per fracture, X_f, and the fracture intensity, P12 (P32), are calculated and the relationships between these parameters and the connectivity index are investigated, concluding that X_f is the more suitable parameter for the classification of rock mass flow properties. The relationships between the connectivity index and the percolation state of the fractured medium are also discussed. An edge correction is briefly discussed and a practical example is used to demonstrate the method of computing the connectivity index.     

裂缝性岩石裂缝扩展的光弹构造物理模拟——以南华北盆地户部寨沙河阶组为例

以南华北盆地户部寨第三系沙河阶组粉砂岩低渗透储层为例,总结了其中发育的5种类型构造裂缝组合,即:①南北向雁形张节理组成的共轭剪节理带;②东西向雁形张节理组成的共轭剪节理带;③缠结状多组剪切构造裂缝;④组合状交切的多组剪切构造裂缝及张裂缝;⑤散状无序排列的构造裂缝。在此基础上,建立光弹性试验构造物理模型,沿现应力场96°方向,均匀地对该模型逐步增加外载力。结果表明,沿各组合裂缝尖端分别形成对称于裂缝走向、且主轴垂直于裂缝的Ⅰ型等色线条纹;对称于裂缝走向、且主轴平行于裂缝走向的Ⅱ型条纹和斜交于裂缝走向的复合型(Ⅲ型)条纹。第①类组合裂缝尖端以Ⅰ型等色线条纹的拉张应力和张剪应力为主;第②类组合裂缝尖端以复合型(Ⅲ型)等色线条纹的挤压应力为主;第③、④和⑤类组合裂缝尖端的应力分布较为复杂。当模型外载荷接近1000kg时,裂缝尖端起裂,并开始发育显微裂缝,而当外载荷达1100-1200 kg时,沿裂缝尖端部位形成宏观裂缝,并开始扩展。5种类型的裂缝组合扩展发育程度由强至弱依次为:①,③,⑤,②,④。其中第①类共轭裂缝组合起裂最早,扩展最快,裂缝间的连通趋势最好,说明规则分布的构造裂缝组合,在垂直于外施加载衙时更易达到连通的目的。