汶川震区狭陡型泥石流典型特征与防治

汶川MS 8.0强震发生6年来,震区暴发了数量众多、类型多样的泥石流灾害,其中一类可总结为"狭陡型泥石流",其特征指标及防治对策与震前常规泥石流存在显著差异,给灾后重建和灾害防治技术提出了新的命题。在对(极)重灾区泥石流活跃的五大片区(汶川、都江堰、绵竹、北川、安县)进行大量现场调查和资料分析的基础上,提出了强震区狭陡型泥石流的概念并给出定义,提炼了其在形成、活动及危害等方面的典型特征;通过工程实践,分析了其独特的治理难点及相应的防治对策,介绍了几项极具适应性和有效性的防治新技术,可为强震扰动区泥石流治理研究和工程设计提供一类新的思路和借鉴。     

微细浸染型金矿深源矿质和流体地球化学示踪研究

在宏观和微观地质特征研究基础上,运用硅同位素动力学分馏原理,结合硅质阴极发光分析,论证了微细浸染型金矿的成矿硅质、矿质和流体主要直接来源于上地幔分异或深部循环的超临界流体,并认为这种深部因素可能对形成大型和超大型矿床发挥了重要作用.这对该类型金矿的成因研究及找矿开辟了新的思路.     

水/离子液体界面聚合法制备聚苯胺微/纳米纤维

没有外加质子酸的条件下,以过硫酸铵作氧化剂,水和离子液体作为两相,采用"界面聚合法"成功制备出导电聚苯胺纳米纤维(d=100～190 nm),界面体系所使用的溶剂都为绿色溶剂,对环境无污染,实现了对传统界面聚合的改进.发现[APS]/[An]的比例,去离子水的加入以及搅拌时间对产物的形貌有重要影响.通过FTIR,UV-Vis,XRD进行了结构表征,证实所得的聚苯胺纳米纤维为掺杂态.     

铼—锇同位素分析中试样化学预处理方法进展

评述了用于Re-Os同位素体系分析的化学前处理技术的发展。简要介绍了卡洛斯管熔样法、Os的CCl4提取、溴提取和微蒸馏方法。卡洛斯管封闭熔样方法，有效地防止了Os的挥发损失和保证了Os同位素平衡，是一种很有发展前景的熔样方法。蒸馏法仍是分离和纯化Os的有效方法，溶剂（CCl4)提取和溴提取法在许多实验室里应用，而微蒸馏则是Os的二次纯化的主要方法。Re的化学分离和纯化仍是离子交换和萃取法。引用主要文献29篇。     

护坡桩+微型钢管桩复合土钉墙联合支护体系研究应用

本文提出了一种新的联合支护体系——护坡桩+微型钢管桩复合土钉墙支护体系,成功解决了基坑周边无放坡空间需垂直开挖、基坑深度大、要求位移小、支护费用高等技术难题,做到了施工便利,对控制边坡位移变形、增强边坡整体稳定性、保证在基坑开挖工程中不发生对周围环境的影响具有良好的作用。采用这种支护方式对北京一工程进行设计施工探讨,经工后监测效果良好,大大地提高了边坡的安全稳定性,从而验证了这一支护形式的可行性,其在深基坑支护中具有常规土钉墙和护坡桩无法相比的技术与经济优势,可供其他类似工程参考,具有较高的适用推广价值。     

Effect of nitrogen to phosphorus ratios on cell proliferation in marine micro algae

The ratio of nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) is known to affect cell proliferation of some marine micro algae. We evaluated the effect of N/P ratios on the proliferation and succession of phytoplankton using five marine micro algae species. We used two sources of nitrogen, NH4Cl (N1) and urea (N2), and a single source of phosphorous, NaH2PO4(P). The optimal N/P ratio that differed among the five species was affected by the source of nitrogen, being as follows (N1/P, N2/P in order): Thalassiosira sp. (30/1, 20/1),...     

若尔盖铀矿田漏失层空心微珠泥浆试验研究

若尔盖铀矿是我国四大基本类型铀矿田之一,矿层为灰岩、硅灰岩,圈团状纵向裂隙发育,长孔段失返性全漏失,泥浆性能难以维护,孔壁失稳,堵漏花费大量的人力、物力。为提高钻进效率,针对地层漏失机理,通过降低漏失压力实现平衡钻进,分别开展了空气泡沫、微泡沫泥浆以及空心微珠等低密度泥浆体系的研究和试验。实践表明,空心微珠低密度泥浆体系是一种适合若尔盖铀矿田漏失层钻进的泥浆体系。     

微型钢管灌注桩基础托换技术

为解决既有建筑基础加固工程中有限的施工空间和成本控制问题,研究采用了微型钢管灌注桩基础托换技术,实践表明,该技术是一种实用可行的施工方法。介绍了微型钢管灌注桩基础托换技术的机理及施工工艺,并通过工程实例阐明了该技术的可行性和有效性。     

The journal Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering with Biomedical Applications becomes the International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering (IJNMBE) from 1st January 2010

Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, founded by Roland W. Lewis in 1985, will change its title to the ‘International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering’ and has a revised Aims and Scope. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Shell‐shape and morphometric variability in Mytilus galloprovincialis from micro‐tidal environments: responses to different hydrodynamic drivers

Tidal conditions differently influence inter‐tidal organisms in terms of general physiological and metabolic responses. In this study we investigated the morphological response in shells of Mytilus galloprovincialis native to different micro‐tidal coastal environments in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Our purpose was to highlight the ecophenotypic variability across tidal levels and to elucidate how tidal currents and waves produced by anthropogenic activities may play a part in modulating shell morphology. Three sampling sites were selected: an open‐sea area 15 km off‐shore and two sites within the lagoon of Venice, the first near one of its three inlets, and the other one in the proximity of Venice city centre. At each sampling site, organisms were seasonally collected at different depths within their vertical zonation, either in the inter‐tidal zone – i.e. at both the highest and lowest tide zonation limits, and subtidally. The mussel shells were analysed by investigation of their morphometric relationships (height/length and width/length ratios) and by elliptic Fourier analysis of the shell contours. Shell thickness and condition index were also evaluated for a better comprehension of energy allocation/partitioning. Estimates based on long‐term measurements, visual observation, wind statistics and wave growth laws allowed an evaluation of the forces acting on shells. At the open‐sea site, the observed phenotypic variability of both shell shape and thickness was clearly related to the tidal vertical zonation. At the two lagoon sites, the currents generated by tidal flow through the inlet and the waves caused by the frequent passage of boats influenced both shell shape and thickness. A trade‐off between protection and growth was apparent along the tide gradient, as emphasized by the differences in the partitioning and allocation of energy between shell and flesh production.