新型时域谱微机激电仪的研制开发

摘 要　 以测量激发极化二次场时域谱为基础‚研制开发出以单片微型计算机为中央处理单 元 （CPU） 的新型激电仪。实现了双系列激电参数提取、二次场波谱测量及全汉化菜单操作。     

Permian felsic magmatism in the Neoproterozoic Nagar Parkar Igneous Complex of the Malani Igneous Suite: Evidence from zircon U–Pb age

We report Permian (ca. 272 Ma ±5.4 Ma) felsic dykes that intrude into the Neoproterozoic (ca. 750 Ma) magmatic suite of the Nagar Parkar Igneous Complex (NPIC), the western extension of the Malani Igneous Suite (MIS). The NPIC consists of Neoproterozoic basement amphibolites and granites (riebeckite–aegirine gray granites and the biotite–hornblende pink granites), all of which are intruded by several generations of mafic and felsic dykes. Granitic magmatism occurred in the Late Neoproterozoic (ca. 750 Ma) due to the subduction‐, followed by the rift‐related tectonic regime during the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. U–Th–Pb zircon and monazite CHIME age data of 700–800 Ma from the earlier generation porphyritic felsic dykes suggest the dyke intrusion was coeval or soon after the emplacement of the host granites. Our findings of Permian age orthophyric felsic dykes provide new insights for the prevalence of active tectonics in the MIS during late Paleozoic. Textural features and geochemistry also make the orthophyric dykes distinct from the early‐formed porphyritic dykes and the host granites. Our newly obtained age data combined with geochemistry, suggest the existence of magmatism along the western margin of India (peri‐Gondwana margin) during Permian. Like elsewhere in the region, the Permian magmatism in the NPIC could be associated with the rifting of the Cimmerian micro‐continents from the Gondwana.     

Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopic characterization of Neoproterozoic organic microfossils from the Fifteenmile Group in Yukon,Canada

Conventional and synchrotron radiation‐based (SR) Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopies (micro‐FTIR) were applied to four types of ~ 810 Ma organic‐walled microfossils together with diffuse organic matter (OM) and one irregularly shaped structure from the Fifteenmile Group, in Yukon, Canada, for their chemical characterization. The microfossils comprised one filamentous type and three coccoidal types. Micro‐FTIR mapping analysis revealed the micrometer‐scale, spatial distribution of organic components (aliphatic C‐H bonds) and carbonate in the microfossils. Based on comparisons of CH₃/CH₂ peak height ratios (R_3/2) and morphologies of the microfossils (without the diffuse OM) to those of previously described Proterozoic microfossils, possible affinities of the microfossils are suggested, as follows. Palaeolyngbya? and Glenobotrydion belong to bacteria. Myxococcoides is not clearly characterized due to the significant mixing with diffuse OM containing abundant aliphatic C‐H groups. The irregularly shaped structure may represent a eukaryote. The diffuse OM may represent a mixture of decomposed microbial cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). SR micro‐FTIR measurements of two coccoid types (Glenobotrydion and Unnamed Coccoid Form D) revealed that the R_3/2 values of the internal spots with wall structures are similar to those without wall structures in Glenobotrydion: those values from Unnamed Coccoid Form D were different. The results suggest that these two coccoids are different chemically as well as morphologically. Micro‐FTIR characterization of the organic‐walled microfossils together with morphological analysis provides new insight into their biological affinities.     

微型土压力传感器标定方法研究

离心模型试验常用微型土压力传感器测量地基或土与结构接触边界上的土压力。传感器使用之前应进行标定。传统的液标或气标方法不能准确反映传感器埋置过程对土体的扰动或传感器周围人为土拱边界条件形成,导致测试结果不甚理想。故针对试验条件,设计制作一套标定微型土压力传感器的方法和装置,以水、粉质黏土和福建标准砂为标定介质,考虑有无刚性靠背两种工作状态对多个传感器进行室内标定,得到标定系数。结果表明:水标未出现卸载滞后,砂标和土标均出现卸载滞后,且表现为非线性;引入滞后比R评价微型土压力传感器的滞后性,认为标定介质和传感器类型是影响滞后比的两个主要因素;传感器自身材料特性和几何特性、地基土的制备和传感器放置、加载预压和加卸载循环等对土体密实度、土体强度等的改变、工作介质和状态等对标定结果有影响。建议尽量模拟试验工作介质和工作状态,逐个标定传感器,以得到更准确的土压力测量值。     

土地利用功能变化与农户响应研究进展

LUCC是表达土地系统的主要方法之一,但仅利用LUCC已不能完整理解土地系统的变化,而通过土地利用功能变化的研究加深对土地系统的认识已成为国内外学者的共识。目前,探讨和分析宏观土地利用功能变化与微观主体行为间的相互影响机制,已成为土地利用功能变化研究急需解决的问题。本文从土地利用功能表达与变化研究、土地利用功能变化的微观响应机制等两个方面,对土地利用功能变化与农户响应的研究进展进行归纳与总结,结论如下：（1）需进一步完善土地利用功能类型的表达方式和方法,使其在表达宏观土地利用功能分异规律的同时,亦能表达微观主体土地利用行为的信息;（2）还需借鉴土地利用决策和多模型整合的理论与方法对土地利用功能及其微观响应进行模拟。同时,指出发展土地利用功能变化下农户响应的有限理性决策模型,探索多模型整合的方式与方法就成为今后研究的重要任务。它对于认识和理解该宏观土地利用功能变化下微观主体的响应,进而引导农户土地利用行为,具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。     

舟山海洋微塑料污染源头治理机制建设初探

海洋微塑料污染2004年才被英国科学家发现并提出,至今已经成为世界最受关注的生态环境问题之一。课题组认为公众是海洋微塑料污染的最主要源头。因此课题组立足舟山海域微塑料污染情况,包括塑料垃圾(资源)处理等情况,基于对公众认知的调查问卷,尝试描述以公众为核心、联合各行为主体的海洋微塑料污染源头治理机制,同时提出机制建立条件、困境与未来。此外,课题组关注社区、公益组织和市场的相应行为,力求在未来更为关注政府行为。     

安达曼海泰国水域的立方水母Chiropsoides属分类辨析

采集于泰国西南部安达曼近岸海域的一种立方水母Chiropsoides buitendijki,伞部呈典型的箱式、触手单侧分支,并缺乏幅间沟。触手带型呈1–3–2–3–2–3–2–3–1（1-主带,2-粗副带,3-细副带）。18S核糖体基因序列分析证实了其分类地位。同时,16S线粒体基因序列揭示样品内存在一定的遗传分化,说明该种内可能存在不同的群体,值得进一步研究。     

一种基于微细光缆的固定式深海观察系统

介绍一种利用微细光缆实现深海观察的小型装置.阐述其系统组成、工作方式及利用微细光缆实现深海视频信号和数据的传输过程以及其研制的关键技术,展望了此种深海观察站的发展前景.     

地震波衰减规律及其恢复方法

针对地面地震分辨率低,不能有效识别薄层储层、薄层地层等问题,本文通过地震波衰减规律的分析,提出了一种恢复地震波高频衰减获得宽频带地震剖面的方法,从而大幅度地提高了地震分辨率.应用双井微地震测井资料对松辽盆地地震波动力学特征研究表明,地震波衰减规律是在近地表低速层和近地表低速层的近震源区地震波高频衰减巨大,而在高速层地震波高频衰减很小.药量大近震源区地震波高频衰减大,药量小近震源区地震波高频衰减小.那么,近震源区和近地表低速层对地震波的衰减是地面地震资料频带窄、分辨率低的主要原因.据此提出了如下确定性反褶积方法,用双井微地震测井资料求取近震源区、近地表低速层和虚反射等滤波因子,用其对地面地震资料作确定性反褶积处理,从而恢复近震源区、近地表低速层等几种因素的地震波衰减,将大药量激发地表接收的地面地震延拓成小药量激发高速层接收的宽频带地震.应用该方法对松辽盆地优势频带宽5~90 Hz,视主频50 Hz的地面地震资料处理后,地震剖面优势频带宽达5~360 Hz,视主频达180 Hz,使常规地震剖面分辨率提高2倍.具体的说松辽盆地中部含油组合的地面地震分辨能力由9~15 m提高到3~5 m.宽频带地震剖面与160 Hz的人工合成地震记录对比符合的很好,表明其处理结果是正确.该成果在油气勘探开发中的油气储层预测、构造学研究、沉积学研究等方面有重要的意义.