The tropospheric distribution of formaldehyde during TROPOZ II

A series of 149 measurements of the HCHO mixing ratio were made between 0 and 10 km altitude and 70° N to 60° S latitude during TROPOZ II. The data show a vertical decrease of the HCHO mixing ratio with altitude at all latitudes and a broad latitudinal maximum in the HCHO mixing ratio between 30° N and 30° S at all altitudes. The measured mixing ratios of HCHO are considerably higher than those expected from CH₄ oxidation alone, but agree broadly with the average latitude by altitude distribution of HCHO derived by a 2D model including emissions of C₁–C₇ hydrocarbons. A number of the regional scale deviations of the measured HCHO distribution from the average modelled one can be explained in terms of the local wind field.     

东亚冬季风异常与广东前汛期旱涝关系的初步分析

利用500hPa北半球格点资料,参照历史平均东亚大槽位置,定义了东亚冬季风强度指数(I₅₀₀)。分析发现,近50年东亚冬季风强度有减弱趋势,特别是1987年以来冬季风明显减弱。根据广东48个站1954～2004年前汛期(4～6月)降水资料,用区域旱涝指数W对广东前汛期旱涝等级进行划分。51年内广东有9年前汛期出现大涝(或特涝),11年出现大旱(或特旱),旱涝发生频繁。冬季风异常对广东前汛期降水的影响比较大,强冬季风年后广东前汛期出现大旱的可能性较大,而出现大涝的可能性很小。     

“麦莎”远距离台风暴雨的排熵指数分析

对2005年8月5日山东省一次远距离台风暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。从引起远距离台风暴雨的几个因素,分析此次山东地区强降水过程与台风“麦莎”及中纬度西风带系统的关系,判别台风暴雨的类型;应用耗散结构理论,分析了排熵指数与远距离台风暴雨区的关系。结果表明：该次暴雨过程是在远距离台风（0509号“麦莎”台风）和西风槽相互作用下产生的;非纬向的高、低空急流对本次暴雨过程起着重要作用;负熵变区（IRE〈0）对应着暴雨区,负熵变区的汇合反映远距离台风暴雨的落区,排熵指数对远距离台风暴雨分析预报有一定的指示作用。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC METHANE TRENDS OVER THE LAST 150 YEARS

A global two-dimensional chemistry model is developed to study long-term trends of CH_4 sinceindustrial revolution.The sources of CH_4,CO and NO_x are parameterized as functions of latitudeand time.With two long-term emission scenarios,long-term trends of CH_4 are simulated.The resultshave a good agreement with observation from ice cores.The modeled CH_4 increased from 760 ppbvin 1840 to 1611.9 ppbv in 1991, while the modeled number concentration of tropospheric OHdecreased from 7.17×10~5 cm~(-3)in 1840 to 5.79×10~5 cm~(-3) in 1991.The increase of atmosphericCH_4 can be explained by the increase of emission of CH_4 and build-up because of decrease of OHradicals that remove CH_4 from the atmosphere.The model is also used to simulate the distribution of CH_4.Comparisons between the modelresults and observations show that the model can simulate both latitudinal distribution and seasonalvariation of CH_4 well.     

THE STUDY OF STORM RAINFALL CAUSED BY INTERACTION BETWEEN THE NON-ZONAL HIGH LEVEL JET STREAK AND TYPHOON IN THE DISTANCE

In this paper, statistics were analyzed concerning correlation between the storm rainfall far from typhoon and non-zonal upper-level jet stream. The results show that the jet stream at 200 hPa is constantly SW (90.2 %) during the period in which storm rainfall occurs. Rainfall area lies in the right rear regions of the jet axes. While the storm intensifies, the jet tends to be stronger and turn non-zonal. With the MM4 model, numerical simulation and diagnosis were carried out for Typhoon No.9711 (Winnie) on August 19 to 20, 1997. The distant storm rainfall is tightly correlative to the jet and low-level typhoon trough. The divergence field of jet is related to the v component. The upper level can cause the allobaric wind convergence at low level. This is the result of the form of low-level typhoon trough and the strength of the storm. By scale analysis, it is found that there is a branch of middle scale transverse inverse circulation in the right entrance regions behind the jet below the 300-hPa level, which is very important to the maintenance and strengthening of storm rainfall. This branch of inverse circulation is relative to the reinforcement of jet's non-zonal characteristics. From the field of mesoscale divergence field and non-zonal wind field, we know that the stronger symmetry caused by transverse circulation in the two sides of the jet, rainfall’s feedback and reinforcement of jet’s non-zonal characteristics had lead to positive feedback mechanism that was favorable of storm rainfall’s strengthening.     

川南煤田古叙矿区煤层气勘探选层的探讨

川南煤田煤炭资源占四川省煤炭资源的60％以上,评价的煤层气资源最占80％以上。通过煤炭资源勘查、煤层气参数外资料分析,认为将龙潭组全段作为一个目的层段研究,将有助于全方位客观评价四川省煤层气的勘探开发前景。根据煤层间距小、储层参数差异小、含气量高等条件提出了以C12-C14、C15-C21、C23-24C、C25煤层群（组）作为目的煤层的观点,并提出必须加大施工排量、多打铺垫液、提高加砂浓度的压裂改造等建议,以期对南方小盆地多煤层的煤层气开发提供新的思路。     

煤矿开采在煤系砂岩中形成现代陷落柱的实例

通 过 钱家 营井 田 203泥石 流 突发 事故 ,对 陷落 柱 的形 成机 理 作进 一步 的 研究 ,巷 道临 空 空间 、构 造破 碎带 、高压 地下 水 的存 在是 煤 系砂 岩地 层 中形 成现 代 陷落 柱的 主 要控 制因 素 。     

中国煤系高岭岩(土)资源成矿机理与开发利用

中国含煤地层中高岭岩（土）分布广泛，成矿时代多，成因复杂，储量丰富，质地优良，是一种重要的自然资源和非金属矿产，具有极高的开发利用价值，在全世界独具特色。本文研究了中国煤系高岭岩（土）资源概况、研究简史；根据成分、结构、地质产状等特征，提出了中国煤系高岭岩（土）的成因类型；对生物和有机质在其形成中的作用进行了分析和探讨，并结合有机酸溶解矿物模拟实验对其成矿作用做了初步探索；最后对煤系高岭岩的某些关键性加工技术进行了简述。     

布雅煤矿一井田煤中硫的特征及脱硫方法

从宏观、微观和煤化学几个方面 ,研究了新疆和田县布雅煤矿一号井田主采煤层中硫的赋存形态、含量、变化规律及成因。并提出几种脱硫方法 ,对煤矿生产出质量好的洁净煤 ,有一定的参考价值     

低熟煤中的孢粉与常量元素和微量元素的相关性初探

运用电离耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)和X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF),对新疆八道湾煤矿中侏罗统西山窑组煤中的孢粉角质层进行了分析,测定了煤中的常量和微量元素。并对煤中孢粉和共伴生元素进行了回归分析,探讨了微量和常量元素的煤岩学及孢粉学属性,在微量元素与孢粉的煤相学应用方面作了初步尝试。结果表明,成煤的蕨类植物孢子和裸子植物花粉与某些常量元素和微量元素有着很高的相关性;蕨类植物孢子和裸子植物花粉的相对含量在煤中具有互补性,决定了它们与微量元素的关系也具有一定的互补性。