Plankton distribution and vertical flux of biogenic matter during high summer stratification in the Krka estuary (Eastern Adriatic)

The aim of this study was to investigate phytoplankton abundance, composition and vertical export in the highly stratified Krka estuary, Croatia. The estuary is stratified throughout the year, and an interface between fresh- and brackish water plays an important role in production and degradation of biogenic matter. Vertical export of particulate organic carbon (POC), phytoplankton carbon (PPC) and faecal pellet carbon (FPC) was studied by deploying sediment traps in the middle and lower reach of the estuary and in the adjacent coastal zone. Zooplankton faecal pellet (FP) production experiments were conducted to provide additional information on the potential contribution of FP to the total carbon flux. High suspended concentrations of POC, chlorophyll a and phytoplankton was found in the lower reaches of the Krka estuary, adjacent to a source of anthropogenic eutrophication. The fraction of organic detritus to the total POC flux was 61–69% inside the estuary but only 7% at the marine station. This indicates that the primary producers in the surface layer of the Krka estuary are decomposed in and below the interface and then settle as detritus to the bottom. Low sedimentation rates in the coastal zone outside the estuary revealed that the eutrophication does not spread out of the estuary. Mesozooplankton played a modest role in vertical flux regulation, due to their low abundance and dominance of smaller forms as well as low faecal pellet production rates. It is concluded that processes taking place at the freshwater-seawater interface are of major importance for the vertical carbon flux in the investigated area.     

南海“耗氧”及“贫氧”水体中消耗氧与硝酸盐和磷酸盐再生比值估算

通过对南海深海区硝酸氮、活性磷酸盐垂直分布的研究,分析了南海垂向耗氧和贫氧水体中硝酸氮、活性磷酸盐和表观耗氧量之间的关系.结果表明垂向上次表层、中层和深层水团中氧的消耗与营养盐再生比值均小于理论值,由此推断水体的混合为有机物再矿化提供氧的补充,但水团混合对水柱中硝酸氮、活性磷酸盐的影响不大,在次表层和中层水团中造成营养盐浓度变化主要是由于有机物再矿化的结果;在深层水团中有机物再矿化对水柱中营养盐梯度变化已不占主导地位.     

重力异常垂向一阶导数的一种简便算法

利用拉格朗日插值导出了重力异常垂向一阶导数的计算公式，给出了地面以及地面之上不同高度的求导系数。该公式可以计算地面上的重力垂向一阶导数，还可以直接计算地面之上任意高度上的垂向一阶导数。鉴于该公式除系数不同外，与上延公式完全相同，因此，程序设计尤为简单。使用本公式对模型数据和实际资料进行了处理，证明了本算法的实用性。     

GALILEO局域增强完备性监测网布设研究

完备性是飞机飞行安全的重要指标之一。我国在各种网的布设中一般只注重精度,而忽略了完备性。本文利用GALILEO模拟数据,在飞行轨迹固定的情况下,通过增减监测站的数量以及变换监测网的形状,计算飞机的精度和垂直保护水平(VPL),并分析飞机在不同监测网中精度和垂直保护水平的的变化规律,可以知道飞机在正方形网形的整体精度好于在其他网形中的精度,飞机在在正方形网形中的VPL虽大于在五边网形中的VPL,但两者相差很少。综合考虑,正方形网形是局域完备性监测网的最优布设网形。     

高原山区局部大地水准面精化方法研究

局部大地水准面精化的实质是精确计算出大地水准面的起伏变化情况。一般情况下,需要密度足够的重力数据,依重力异常密集计算大地水准面差距或高程异常。但是在大陆西部高原山区重力点密度是不够的,无法达到大地水准面精化的目的。本文从理论上证实了用地形和岩石密度数据进行局部大地水准面精化的可行性。     

根据多卫星高度计海面高数据推算南中国海及菲律宾海域重力异常(英文)

t Gravity anomalies on a2.5 ×2.5 arc-minute grid in a non-tidal system were derived over the South China and Philippine Seas from multi-satellite altimetry data. North and east components of deflections of the vertical were computed from altimeter-derived sea surface heights at crossover locations, and gridded onto a 2.5 × 2.5 arc-minute resolution grid. EGM96-derived components of deflections of the vertical and gravity anomalies gridded into 2.5 × 2.5 arc-minute resolutions were then used as reference global geopotential model quantities in a remove-restore procedure to implement the Inverse Vening Meinesz formula via the 1D-FFT technique to predict the gravity anomalies over the South China and Philippine Seas from the gridded altimeter-derived components of deflections of the vertical. Statistical comparisons between the altimeter-derived and the shipboard gravity anomalies showed that there is a root-mean-square agreement of 5.7 mgals between them.     

重力辅助惯性导航中重力归算的垂直梯度计算

重力辅助惯性导航技术是利用地球物理特征信息数据—重力来完成水下运动载体的辅助导航与定位。为了实现水下运动载体上重力传感器输出的实测重力信息与重力数据库中存储的重力信息之间的匹配,首先必须将这两类数据归算到一个平面。本文研究分析了重力归算中重力垂直梯度求解的各种方法;探讨了不同数值积分区域对扰动重力垂直梯度精度的影响;并通过计算分析,提出了可以直接以重力异常垂直梯度代替扰动重力垂直梯度来求取重力垂直梯度。     

GIS支持下的煤层气目标区模糊综合评价模型

地理信息系统(GIS)以空间数据库技术为核心,将空间要素与统计数据有机地结合在一起,具有直观灵活、分析功能强大、制表制图方便等优点。根据中国煤层气(CBM)目标区的特点,建立了4种原则下用于不同情形的煤层气目标区评价模型:第1种模型为全面考虑各个因素原则,第2种模型为只考虑重点因素原则,第3种模型为着重考虑重点因素原则,第4种模型为既全面考虑又兼顾重点因素原则。根据这4种模型,在常用GIS软件MapGIS基础上进行了二次开发并实现模型,以华北聚气区煤层气为例进行综合评价,目标区评价结果与实际情况基本相符。