陕西驾鹿金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

驾鹿金矿床是小秦岭金矿带中一个比较特殊的矿床类型，产于古老韧性剪切带中，围岩蚀变强烈而广泛，尤其是成脉前的钾长石化。蚀变带及其中的石英脉控制了金矿体的产出，矿床属蚀变岩型金矿，成矿时代为燕山晚期．本文在论述矿床地质特征的基础上，通过稳定同位素研究，认为燕山期构造热事件是成矿的主导控制因素，成矿溶液来自大气降水，成矿物质则部分来自太华群，部分来自上覆中元古界高山河组，矿床成因属大气降水热液矿床．     

桂林洞穴滴水与现代碳酸钙δ18O记录的环境意义--以桂林七星岩NO.15支洞为例

现代洞穴动态监测的一个先决条件就是为洞穴碳酸盐(CaCO₃)沉积物-石笋的各种替代指标的解译提供可靠的依据,充分利用现代碳酸盐(CaCO₃)沉积物的各种替代指标,并与现代器测气象资料进行相互对比、并用以校正,是精确或定量解释石笋气候替代指标的关键.
经对桂林七星岩15号支洞的5个滴水点进行了长达四个水文年(2008~2011年)的大气降水、洞穴滴水、现代碳酸盐沉积物的动态监测和研究,并探讨了洞穴滴水和现代碳酸盐(CaCO₃)的δ18O与降水δ18O的相关关系.研究表明,洞穴滴水和现代碳酸盐(CaCO₃)的年平均δ18O值非常接近降水的δ18O平均值,并具有与地表降水δ18O相同的变化趋势,反映了洞穴滴水和现代碳酸盐(CaCO₃)的δ18O主要来自大气降水的δ18O,即明显受控于降水的δ18O.在4个水文年中,现代洞穴次生化学碳酸盐(CaCO₃)沉积物的δ18O值与滴水的δ18O值记录的年内(或年际)变化或多年的变化趋势基本相同,表现出明显的四高峰(δ18O低值区)四低谷(δ18O高值区)的波动变化特征,具有明显的年际、季节性变化规律,显示具有雨热同季的特点.研究结果表明洞穴滴水和洞穴现代碳酸盐(CaCO₃)沉积物的δ18O可以记录当地或洞穴上方的气候变化信号,即现代碳酸盐(CaCO₃)沉积物的δ18O主要作为夏季风强度或降雨量的替代指标.     

我国西北地区多年降水的氢氧同位素分布特征研究

降水是干旱区水文循环研究不可缺少的水文要素,为了揭示我国西北地区大气降水的氢氧同位素时空分布特征,合理开展不同尺度水文循环研究和建立对比标准,系统搜集分析了乌鲁木齐、银川、张掖、兰州、平凉、西安和拉萨七个地区多年大气降水的氢氧同位素数据资料。分析结果表明:乌鲁木齐、银川、张掖和兰州四个地区的δ18O值夏半年明显高于冬半年,从全年尺度上来看只是受到了温度效应的影响;而位于关中盆地的西安地区则由于复杂的水汽来源,冬半年表现出受温度效应的控制,夏半年转为雨量效应控制为主。平凉地区δ18O与其它海拔相近地区(如兰州)相比5~9月份均偏负,这与平凉地区较弱的城市热岛效应有关。西北地区大气降水δD和δ18O的变化范围均在全球大气降水的变化范围之内,除平凉和拉萨外,其它几个地区大气降水线方程的斜率和截距均小于全球大气降水线,说明这些地区的降水是在干旱环境下经历较强程度的蒸发条件下进行的,且在降水过程中还可能受到了局地二次蒸发凝结等水汽循环的影响。而该区域大气降水的氘盈余(d值)表现出冬半年高、夏半年低的特点,表明冬半年和夏半年水汽来源不同或者水源地的蒸发条件不同。     

栖霞市马家窑金矿床成矿流体地球化学特征

马家窑金矿床是胶东地区比较典型的石英脉型金矿床代表,属中低温热液矿床,成矿流体盐度较低,气相成分以H2O,CO2为主,其次是Na^＋,Ca^＋和Cl^-,K^＋和F^-较贫,流体的成分与大气降水热液相类似。成矿流体的H,O同位素值则反映大气降水在不同温度和不同水／岩值条件下与栖霞超单元回龙夼单元交换后的分布特征,认为马家窑金矿床的成矿热液属大气降水成因。     

陕西关中盆地大气降水同位素研究

大气降水作为地下水的主要补给源之一,它是自然界水循环过程中的一个重要环节.查明大气降水中同位素分布特征及其影响因素,不仅有助于定性或定量地研究地下水的起源和形成等问题,更有助于揭示"三水"转化关系.根据全球大气降水同位素观测网 1985～1993 年大气降水氢氧同位素资料并结合所采集样品的分析结果对陕西关中盆地大气降水环境同位素特征、变化规律及其影响因素进行了探讨,建立了西安地区雨水线,为地下水的起源及运移研究奠定了基础.     

独山锑矿稳定同位素地球化学研究

通过氧、硫、氢、碳、铅等稳定同位素和矿物包裹体地球化学的研究;指出独山锑矿成矿温度低(1OO～200℃).成矿流体主要为大气降水,成矿物质主要来自地层;成矿作用以构造裂隙充填型为主;系大气降水低温热液型矿床.该类矿化是地洼区构造活化成矿的一种典型成因类型.     

Celestite formation, bacterial sulphate reduction and carbonate cementation of Eocene reefs and basinal sediments (Igualada, NE Spain)

Petrographic and geochemical studies of an Upper Eocene reef and associated basinal sediments from the mixed carbonate–siliciclastic fill of the south‐eastern Pyrenean foreland basin near Igualada (NE Spain) provide new insights into the evolution of subsurface hydrology during the restriction of a marine basin. The reef deposits are located on delta‐lobe sandstones and prodelta marls, which are overlain by hypersaline carbonates and Upper Eocene evaporites. Authigenic celestite (SrSO₄) is an important component in the observed diagenetic sequences. Celestite is a significant palaeohydrological indicator because its low solubility constrains transportation of Sr²⁺ and SO₄^2? in the same diagenetic fluid. Stable isotopic analyses of carbonates in the reef indicate that meteoric recharge was responsible for aragonite stabilization and calcite cementation. Sulphur and oxygen isotope geochemistry of the celestite demonstrates that it formed from residual sulphate after bacterial sulphate reduction, but also requires that there was a prior episode of sulphate recycling. Meteoric water reaching the reef and basinal areas was most probably charged with SO₄^2? from the dissolution of younger Upper Eocene marine evaporites. This sulphate, combined with organic matter present in the sediments, fuelled bacterial sulphate reduction in the meteoric palaeoaquifer. Strontium for celestite precipitation was partly derived in situ from dissolution of aragonite corals in the reef and basinal counterparts. However, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr data also suggest that Sr²⁺ was partly derived from dissolution of overlying evaporites. Mixing of these two fluids promoted celestite formation. The carbonate stable isotopic data suggest that the local meteoric water was enriched in ¹⁸O compared with that responsible for stabilization of other reefs along the basin margin. Furthermore, meteoric recharge at Igualada post‐dated evaporite deposition in the basin, whereas other parts of the same reef complex were stabilized before evaporite formation. This discrepancy resulted from the spatial distribution of continental siliciclastic units that acted as groundwater conduits.     

河北唐山地区中寒武统张夏组鲕粒灰岩的岩石学研究

本区张夏组鲕粒灰岩内,广泛见到细径放射鲕和较粗的同心-放射鲕.放射鲕中存在连生体,我们称之“连生鲕”.与赵震等(1984)人工合成的静水鲕对比,区内放射鲕亦系静水条件下生成;因未见长串连生体,仅呈现数鲕(2—4个)连生,表明鲕粒生成后遭到搅动水拆开.由此可以认为,本组鲕粒灰岩属间歇高能成因模式的产物。又按该类岩石显示的成岩特征,可知本区鲕粒灰岩经历过多种成岩环境,至今仍保留较为明显的大气成岩环境的标志.     

张家口南部地区温泉形成的氢氧稳定同位素及气体组成证据

本文研究了张家口南部地区温泉(井)水的氢氧稳定同位素组成及溶解气体组分特征。结果表明,大气降水是该区温泉(井)水的补给来源。大气降水在深循环过程中,受地热增温,岩浆残余热的影响,使水温增高并在适当的构造部位涌出地表形成温泉     

Meteoric water-rock interaction in the lower plate of the Whipple Mountain metamorphic core complex, California

Oxygen isotope ratios, whole rock major and trace element compositions, and petrological characteristics of 52 samples from nine distinct igneous lithologies in the lower plate of the Whipple Mountain metamorphic core complex of south-eastern California indicate that both mylonitic and non-mylonitic lithologies underwent exchange with surface-derived meteoric waters. Broadly granodioritic lithologies are characterized by whole rock δ¹⁸O values that range from 10.6 to 2.6‰. Isotopic compositions of quartz and feldspar mineral separates indicate that quartz has largely retained original igneous compositions but that feldspar has undergone variable and often large ¹⁸O-depletions (up to 6.5‰). Over 4 km of structural relief is exposed in lower plate gneisses below the Whipple detachment fault including non-mylonitic lithologies at shallow structural levels above the mylonite front, and mylonitic gneisses at intermediate to deep levels below the mylonite front. Coupled δ¹⁸O_qtz - δ¹⁸O_Fsp systematics of non-mylonitic and mylonitic andesite to rhyolite dykes from shallow and intermediate structural levels of the lower plate document two episodes of hydrothermal alteration: a high-temperature (>c.600d?C) episode involving a metamorphic or magmatic fluid with δ¹⁸O values ～ 7‰ and a low-temperature (c.350d?C) episode involving low-δ¹⁸O meteoric fluids. All the dykes that document exchange with meteoric fluids are non-mylonitic. Coupled δ¹⁸O_Fsp systematics of non-mylonitic and mylonitic granodioritic gneisses from above and below the mylonite front also document low-temperature (c. 350d? C) exchange with meteoric fluids. The data indicate that infiltration of meteoric fluids occurred as lower plate lithologies were juxtaposed against the base of the faulted upper plate. High-angle normal faults in the upper plate served as the conduits for the downward circulation of surface-derived fluids. Meteoric fluids were able to penetrate across the detachment fault into the lower plate. Uplift rates coupled with independent cooling rates indicate that surface-derived fluids penetrated to a depth of c.4km and possibly as deep as c.8km. Penetration of surface-derived fluid into the ductile deformation regime is not required to explain the low δ¹⁸O values observed in lower plate lithologies of the Whipple Mountain metamorphic core complex.