在金伯利岩中新发现的几种矿物及其意义

新近发现华北地台金伯利岩中存在自然铁、自然铜、自然锡、硅铁石、二硅铁矿、未命名的Si、Fe、Ti互化物及含铬黑镁铁钛矿等前人未曾报导过的矿物。据初步研究,它们与处于强还原环境的地幔深层流体有关。这些矿物的发现,首次为软流层中的流体交代作用提供了实物证据。     

Grade and Tonnage Model of Contact Metasomatic Copper Deposit in China

INTRODUCTIONSystematic exploration theory is an important aspect ofquantitative prediction and exploration assessment of m ineralresources.Recently,the three- stage quantitative evaluation ofmineral resources (China Mineral Information ResearchInstitute,1996 ;Zhao,1995 ) is widely carried out in the West.The three- stage prediction and evaluation includes:1findingpracticable prospect area on the basis of analyzing m etallogenicgeological setting,2 establishing grade- tonnage model oftar…     

火山岩中交代岩和铁矿的实验研究

本文作者在火山岩地区的新疆磁海、雅满苏和内蒙黄岗梁三个铁矿床进行野外工作的基础上,模拟火山气热液与次火山岩-火山岩(辉绿岩、安山质凝灰岩、安山岩和凝灰质砂岩)相互作用。实验结果证明了在380—700℃和(250—800)x105Pa的温度和压力下形成了与上述三个矿床相似的交代岩的矿物共生组合,并且从次火山岩-火山岩中萃取出TFe(11.89—3881.89mg/1)。由此可见,晚期火山气热液继续沿构造断裂上升,作用于沿途所经过的早先形成的次火山岩-火山岩,从中萃取出大量的铁,并在适宜的温度和压力等物理化学条件下形成了磁海、雅满苏和黄岗梁(西段)铁矿床。     

浙江青田石的岩石学特征及成因

青田石主要是由叶腊石等粘土矿物组成的岩石,也是由气液交代变质作用形成的次生石英岩中的一个特殊品种。基于青田石的岩相学观察以及青田石的扫描电镜、X射线物相分析及全岩化学、稀土和微量元素地球化学分析,结合野外观察与前人研究成果,对青田石的岩石学特征、青田石的矿物成分与类型划分进行详细描述,论证了中酸性火山岩气液交代变质作用与青田石的成因。研究表明,青田石的矿物组合与原岩成分、交代流体的成分及交代变质作用的条件(如温度,压力)有关;青田石的颜色、质地(品级)及其矿物成分与显微结构及其所含的微量致色离子有关。在中—新生代中酸性火山岩分布区开展详细的野外地质填图和蚀变带的划分,是寻找高品级青田石的主要方法,也是评价与鉴定青田石中需要关注的问题。     

紫金山铜金矿明矾石交代蚀变岩的岩石地球化学特征

在野外地质调查和岩(矿)相学的基础上,通过对比分析紫金山铜金矿各种交代蚀变岩的岩石地球化学特征,对本矿高硫化型浅成低温热液成矿体系有了进一步认识.相比其他种类的交代蚀变岩,明矾石交代蚀变岩的岩石地球化学特征主要表现为:①主量元素中Al2O3,K2O明显增加,而SiO2明显降低,其他造岩元素也都有降低的趋势;②成矿元素Cu与运矿元素S,F相关性密切;Cu与Au,Ag等成矿元素呈一定的正相关性,而与Pb,Zn,Sn等矿化相关性较差;③微量元素均显示出大离子亲石元素较高,明显富集Rb,Ba,Tb,U,Pb,而低P,Ti;④稀土元素普遍具有较高的轻稀土、较低的重稀土,负Eu异常较小或不明显.明矾石交代蚀变岩的这些岩石地球化学特征显示出紫金山铜金矿高硫化型浅成低温热液是富含Cu,Au,Ag等多种成矿元素和S,F等运矿元素的成矿流体,其形成是与燕山晚期中酸性的火山—侵入杂岩有关的岩浆热液与燕山早期的花岗岩类长期广泛水—岩反应的结果.     

河南灵宝银家沟硫铁多金属矿床地质特征及成矿模式

豫西银家沟硫铁多金属矿床是与中酸性斑岩小侵入体具成因联系的大型热液交代型矿床;矿床赋矿地层主要为蓟县系龙家园组和巡检司组含燧石条带白云岩;矿床的成矿岩体呈复式微型岩株,中心相为钾长花岗斑岩,边缘相为石英闪长斑岩,岩体为超浅成侵入伴随隐爆作用的次火山相岩浆岩;矿床以硫铁矿为主体,共/伴生有铁、铜、钼、铅、锌、银、金等;矿体以透镜状为主,均为隐伏矿体;成矿分为磁铁矿-赤铁矿阶段、石英-辉钼矿阶段、石英-中粗粒黄铁矿阶段、黄铜矿-磁黄铁矿阶段;铅锌硫化物为最晚期产物。银家沟硫铁多金属矿床具有成矿物质多来源、成矿多阶段的特点。成矿岩体自身携带大量成矿元素,同时萃取了围岩中的多种成矿元素,在环境适合的条件下沉淀成矿。     

滇东南广南地区金矿床地质特征及成因研究

文章论述了那能金矿床的地质特征 ,探讨了金矿的物质来源、赋存状态、成矿规律、成因类型 ,为同类型金矿床的勘查开发及滇东南广南地区扩大找矿提供借鉴     

The mineralogy of copper-bearing skarn to the east of the Sungun-Chay river, East-Azarbaidjan, Iran

A calcic copper-bearing skarn zone in East-Azarbaidjan, NW of Iran is located to the east of the Sungun-Chay river. Skarn-type metasomatic alteration and mineralization occurs along the contact between Upper Cretaceous impure carbonates and an Oligo-Miocene Cu-bearing granitoid stock. Both endoskarn and exoskarn are developed along the contact. Exoskarn is the principal skarn zone enclosed by a marmorized and skarnoid–hornfelsic zone. The skarnification process occurred two stages: (1) prograde and (2) retrograde. The prograde stage is temporally and spatially divided into two sub-stages: (a) metamorphic–bimetasomatic (sub-stage I) and (b) prograde metasomatic (sub-stage II). Sub-stage I began immediately after the intrusion of the pluton into the enclosing impure carbonates. Sub-stage II commenced with segregation and evolution of a fluid phase in the pluton and its invasion into fractures and micro-fractures of the marmorized and skarnoid–hornfelsic rocks developed during sub-stage I. The introduction of considerable amounts of Fe, Si and Mg led to the development of substantial amounts of medium- to coarse-grained anhydrous calc-silicates. From texture and mineralogy the retrograde metasomatic stage can be divided into two discrete sub-stages: (a) early (sub-stage III) and (b) late (sub-stage IV). During sub-stage III, the previously formed skarn zones were affected by intense multiple hydro-fracturing phases in the Cu-bearing stock. In addition to Fe, Si and Mg, substantial amounts of Cu, Pb, Zn, along with volatile components such as H₂S and CO₂ were added to the skarn system. Consequently considerable amounts of hydrous calc-silicates (epidote, tremolite–actinolite), sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, bornite), oxides (magnetite, hematite) and carbonates (calcite, ankerite) replaced the anhydrous calc-silicates. Sub-stage IV was concurrent with the incursion of relatively low temperature, more highly oxidizing fluids into skarn system, bringing about partial alteration of the early-formed calc-silicates and developing a series of very fine-grained aggregates of chlorite, clay, hematite and calcite.     

白云鄂博REE-Nb-Fe矿床的富钠岩石类型析及成因分

白云鄂博稀土-铌-铁矿是世界最大的稀土多金属矿床之一,主要产于中元古界富钠岩石、白云岩和富钾板岩中。富钠岩石与含矿碳酸岩、富钾板岩一起在白云鄂博广泛分布,特别是在主矿和东矿南侧分布广泛,也产在含矿围岩和底盘围岩中。富钠岩石包括富钠长石岩、含钠闪石钠长岩脉、钠闪石岩脉及钠闪石碳酸岩脉和钠闪石化蚀变白云岩。富钠岩石在一个地质单元内出现,但成分略有不同,其岩石化学分析表现出富钠特征,大部分样品的w(Na2O)在6%以上,w(Na2O+K2O)>8%,w(Na2O)>w(K2O)。富钠长石岩的里特曼指数δ为2.96~8.56,n(A l)/n(K+Na)>1,n(A l)/n(K+Na+Ca)<1,表明为弱碱性偏铝质岩石。富钠岩石以富集地壳不相容元素、亏损地幔元素为特征,其稀土总量低于矿化白云岩,但轻稀土元素高度富集,具弱负铕异常,与含矿白云质火山岩一致。根据岩石产状、组构及化学成分分析,富钠长石岩属于富钠火山岩,而其他含钠闪石岩脉则属于岩浆分异侵入的岩脉与岩浆热液充填岩脉。钠化交代以霓石化、钠铁闪石化和钠长石化出现为特征。另外,富钠流体与白云岩反应形成了钠铁闪石化白云岩,强烈的钠化蚀变作用主要出现在稀土强烈富集的主矿和东矿。比较蚀变与未蚀变岩石的化学成分,表明蚀变作用引起稀土的重新分配和弱负铕异常。钠铁闪石化白云岩的w(S iO2)、w(TiO2)、w(K2O)和w(Na2O)升高,w(P2O5)降低。钠化蚀变前的碳酸岩中稀土元素已经富集,热液蚀变引起稀土元素的活化和重新分配,但是没有提供新的稀土来源。     

秦岭旬阳盆地下古生界钠长石岩岩石学和地球化学特征

热水沉积钠长石岩在南秦岭上古生界中颇具特点，与南秦岭众多的大型、超大型铅锌成矿关系密切。最近，在南秦岭旬阳盆地下古生界铅锌矿集区内的志留系梅子垭组地层中首次识别出一条近东西方向延伸长达10余千米的钠长石沉积岩带，与地层整合产出，渐变过渡，厚层块状、条带状、角砾状构造，均粒微-细晶结构、内碎屑结构；其化学成分以富含SiO2、Al2O3及Na2O为特征，富Fe、Mn，贫Co、Ni、Cu等微量元素；该钠长石岩的∑KEE、LKEE、HREE均较围岩偏低，具明显Eu亏损的特征。球粒陨石标准化配分曲线为右倾曲线。通过与秦岭泥盆纪热水沉积钠长石岩的岩相学及岩石化学对比，结合本区下古生界属于扬子北缘被动陆缘裂谷环境，初步认为这里下古生界钠长石岩可能属于热水沉积成因。