苏鲁—大别榴辉岩研究:形成于不同地质时期的高压—超高压变质带

含柯石英的苏鲁-大别榴辉岩是高压-超高压变质带的产物.依据榴辉岩的总体展布方向、岩石特征、高压-超高压变质作用及退变质作用的温压条件,可划分为NEE向胶东高压-超高压变质带、NNE向郯庐高压-超高压变质带和SEE向大别高压-超高压变质带.榴辉岩的同位素年龄值指示这3个带是主压应力方向不同、形成时期不同、发展和终止时期也各不相同的3个高压-超高压变质带.NEE向胶东高压-超高压变质带主要形成于700～900 Ma的晋宁期,终止于200 Ma左右的印支期;SEE向大别高压-超高压变质带主要形成于400～500 Ma的加里东期,终止于250 Ma左右的印支期;NNE向郯庐高压-超高压变质带初期曾经与胶东高压-超高压变质带是一个带,最早形成于900 Ma左右的晋宁期,但其最重要的形成期是200 Ma左右的印支期,55 Ma左右的喜马拉雅期该带进入推覆造山阶段.胶东、大别和早期的郯庐高压-超高压变质带的主压应力方向都是近SN向,印支期之后的郯庐高压-超高压变质带主压应力方向转变为近EW向.     

苏鲁超高压带北段夏河城岩体的形成时代及其意义

位于苏鲁超高压变质带北段的夏河城岩体由角闪辉长岩、闪长岩和石英闪长岩组成,其中的闪长岩锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为195±17Ma。该岩体侵入于超高压变质岩中,其化学成分具I型花岗岩特点(多数样品Na2O>3%;所有样品A/NKC<1.1,均含标准矿物Di,未出现标准矿物C)。苏鲁超高压变质带中,存在3类不同成因的印支期侵入岩,其同位素年龄范围在195~227Ma,与超高压变质岩退变质阶段的年龄(202~229Ma)一致,指示超高压变质作用发生在印支期岩体形成之前。这些印支期侵入岩具有不同的岩石化学特征,指示它们的岩浆成因及来源可能有比较大的差别。在此基础上,对这些侵入岩形成时的构造背景,进行了初步讨论。     

Analytical solutions for sequentially coupled one-dimensional reactive transport problems – Part II: Special cases,implementation and testing

This is Part-II of a two-part article that presents analytical solutions to multi-species reactive transport equations coupled through sorption and sequential first-order reactions. In Part-I, we provide the mathematical derivations and in this article we discuss the computational techniques for implementing these solutions. We adopt these techniques to develop a general computer code and use it to verify the solutions. We also simplify the general solutions for various special-case transport scenarios involving zero initial condition, identical retardation factors and zero advection. In addition to this, we derive specialized solution expressions for zero dispersion and steady-state conditions. Whereever possible, we compare these special-case solutions against previously published analytical solutions to establish the validity of the new solution. Finally, we test the new solution against other published analytical and semi-analytical solutions using a set of example problems.     

Natural gas origins of large and medium-scale gas fields in China sedimentary basins

The integrated study of the geological and seismic reflection data from the drilling area of CCSD has discovered that the density and the P-wave velocity of orthogneiss are almost the same as that of the paragneiss in the area; but the orthogneiss and the paragneiss hold different reflection attributes. The strong seismic reflector packes coinciding spatially with the paragneiss suites have implied that the paragneiss buried in the metamorphic crust itself can cause bone-like seismic reflector sets. The P-wave velocity of paragneiss shows little apparent difference with that of the orthogneiss; but its transverse wave velocity is lower, with the Vp/Vs ratios being high. The paragneiss has partially inherited the layering structures and textures of the protolithe of sedimentary rocks, hence shows strong heterogeneity and anisotropy, that is why the paragneiss are able to produce the bone-like reflectors in the upper crust. The low transverse wave velocity of paragneiss often means weak shear resistance, which will further cause cracks or fractures in the rock, consequentially increase its porosity and permeability during tectonic movements, and form the paragneiss reservoirs of low-permeability zones for gases uplifted from the deeper crust. Because the paragneiss in the crustal metamorphic basement can cause the seismic reflectors, seismic reflection sections are able to provide information about the paragneiss under certain prerequisites.     

塔里木盆地库车河烧变岩的形成年龄

用Ｋ－Ａｒ测年技术确定了塔里木盆地库车河剖面上二叠统二次侵入岩的形成年龄为２２７．６±３．３４Ｍａ,还使用ＥＳＲ技术测试了侵入岩和烧变岩中石英氧空位的相对浓度。根据库车河二次侵入岩的Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄,石英氧空位的相对浓度和剂量率,估算出上三叠统塔里齐克组烧变岩的形成年龄为３．２６±０．３Ｍａ,中侏罗统克孜努尔组烧变岩的形成年龄为２．３３±０．２Ｍａ。此外,还讨论了烧变岩形成年龄的可靠性问题。     

中朝克拉通北部早前寒武纪变质作用演化的三种主要样式及其地质动力学

中朝克拉通辫啊早前寒武纪变质作用演化及其ＰＴｔ轨迹主要有三类样式：第一类以内蒙古集宁－怀安太古宙高级区为代表,ＰＴｔ轨迹表现为顺时针形式,峰期温压高达８００℃－８５０℃,０．９０ＧＰａ－１．００ＧＰａ,峰期后为大幅度等热减压,反映了板块碰撞造山带的陆壳成倍构造增厚和后期拉张减薄机制;第二类以冀东－辽西太古宙高级区为代表,ＰＴｔ为逆时针形式,早期增温为主,峰期温压均较高,峰期后为近等压冷却过程,它们它们反映地壳因岩浆底侵而增厚的动力学机制;第三类以辽东－吉南早元古代变质地带为代表,PTt轨迹亦为逆时针,但持征是早期增压明显。维之以近等压增温,峰期为中低压,峰期后近等压冷却。这类样式反映了较稳定陆块壳内裂陷区的闭合过程。     

Serpentinites and serpentinites: Variety of origins and emplacement mechanisms of serpentinite bodies in the California Cordillera

Most serpentinitized peridotite in orogenic belts is derived from oceanic lithosphere, but the emplacement mechanisms of these rocks vary greatly, as illustrated by the nature of these rock bodies and their contacts. The diverse emplacement mechanisms have important implications for connecting ophiolitic rock occurrences to large‐scale orogenic processes. In the California Cordillera, the largest bodies of ultramafic rocks are parts of ophiolite sheets, such as the Coast Range ophiolite (CRO), that were part of the upper plate of an oceanic subduction system. Such units differ from smaller bodies within subduction complexes such as the Franciscan Complex that were transferred from the subducting plate to the subduction complex during accretion. Some intra‐subduction complex ultramafic rocks occur as nearly block‐free sheets within the Franciscan Complex, and as a part of mafic–ultramafic imbricates or broken formations within the Shoo Fly Complex of the northern Sierra Nevada. Franciscan Complex serpentinite also occurs as sedimentary serpentinite mélange that was partly subducted after deposition in the trench via submarine sliding. Such mélanges include blocks that record older and higher grade metamorphism than the matrix. Sedimentary serpentinite mélange that includes high‐pressure metamorphic blocks is also found in the basal Great Valley Group forearc basin deposits depositionally overlie the CRO. Distinguishing the different serpentinite origins is difficult in the California Cordillera even though a terminal continental collision did not affect this orogenic belt. In more typical orogenic belts with greater post‐subduction disruption, distinction between the types of serpentinite occurrences presents a greater challenge.     

A high‐T metamorphic complex derived from the high‐P Suo metamorphic complex in the Omuta district,northern Kyushu,southwest Japan

New U–Pb ages of zircons from migmatitic pelitic gneisses in the Omuta district, northern Kyushu, southwest Japan are presented. Metamorphic zonation from the Suo metamorphic complex to the gneisses suggests that the protolith of the gneisses was the Suo metamorphic complex. The zircon ages reveal the following: (i) a transformation took place from the high‐P Suo metamorphic complex to a high‐T metamorphic complex that includes the migmatitic pelitic gneisses; (ii) the detrital zircon cores in the Suo pelitic rocks have two main age components (ca 1900–1800 Ma and 250 Ma), with some of the detrital zircon cores being supplied (being reworked) from a high‐grade metamorphic source; and (iii) one metamorphic zircon rim yields 105.1 ±5.3 Ma concordant age that represents the age of the high‐T metamorphism. The high‐P to high‐T transformation of metamorphic complexes implies the seaward shift of a volcanic arc or a landward shift of the metamorphic complex from a trench to the sides of a volcanic arc in an arc–trench system during the Early Cretaceous. The Omuta district is located on the same geographical trend as the Ryoke plutono‐metamorphic complex, and our estimated age of the high‐T metamorphism is similar to that of the Ryoke plutono‐metamorphism in the Yanai district of western Chugoku. Therefore, the high‐T metamorphic complex possibly represents the western extension of the Ryoke plutono‐metamorphic complex. The protolith of the metamorphic rocks of the Ryoke plutono‐metamorphic complex was the Jurassic accretionary complex of the inner zone of southwest Japan. The high‐P to high‐T transformation in the Omuta district also suggests that the geographic trend of the Jurassic accretionary complex was oblique to that of the mid‐Cretaceous high‐T metamorphic field.     

U–Pb zircon ages of the Nakanogawa Group in the Hidaka Belt,northern Japan: Implications for its provenance and the protolith of the Hidaka metamorphic rocks

Zircon U–Pb ages of two acidic tuff and two turbidite sandstone samples from the Nakanogawa Group, Hidaka Belt, were measured to estimate its depositional age and the development of the Hokkaido Central Belt, northeast Japan. In the northern unit, homogeneous zircons from pelagic acidic tuff from a basal horizon dated to 58–57 Ma, zircons from sandstone from the upper part of the unit dated to 56–54 Ma, and zircons from acidic tuff from the uppermost part dated to 60–56 Ma and 69–63 Ma. Both of the tuff U–Pb ages are significantly older than the youngest radiolarian fossil age (66–48 Ma). Therefore, the maximum depositional age of the turbidite facies in the northern unit is 58 Ma and the younger age limit, estimated from the fossil age, is 48 Ma. In the southern unit, homogeneous zircons from turbidite sandstone dated to 58–57 Ma. Thus the depositional age of this turbidite facies was interpreted to be 66–56 Ma from the fossil age, probably close to 57 Ma. Most of the zircon U–Pb ages from the Nakanogawa Group are younger than 80 Ma, with a major peak at 60 Ma. This result implies that around Hokkaido volcanic activity occurred mainly after 80 Ma. Older zircon ages (120–80 Ma, 180–140 Ma, 340–220 Ma, 1.9 Ga, 2.2 Ga, and 2.7 Ga) give information about the provenance of other rocks in the Hidaka Belt. It is inferred that the Nakanogawa Group comprises protoliths of the upper sequence of the Hidaka Metamorphic Zone, which therefore has the same depositional age as the Nakanogawa Group (66–48 Ma). The depositional ages of the lower sequence of the Hidaka Metamorphic Zone and the Nakanogawa Group are probably the same.     

Zircon U–Pb geochronology of “Sashu mylonite”, eastern extension of Higo Plutono‐metamorphic Complex,Southwest Japan: Implication for regional tectonic evolution

Geochronological and geochemical studies reveal the possible origin of the restricted body of mylonite rocks occurring at the eastern edge of Kyushu Island, Japan, just in contact with the Sashu Fault, a part of the Paleo‐Median Tectonic Line (Paleo‐MTL). The LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dating of the quartz diorite mylonite in this mylonitic body indicates a crystallization age of 114.0 ±1.7 Ma. Moreover, the two tonalite samples appear as thin layers within the Permian fine‐grained mafic mylonite; a part of the same body yields the age of 113.7 ±2.3 Ma and 116.9 ±1.3 Ma, with extremely low Th/U ratio. These quartz diorite mylonite and tonalite are consistent with the late Early Cretaceous magmatism and coeval metamorphism similar to those in the Higo Plutono‐metamorphic Complex in western Kyushu, Japan. This newly characterized complex occurs just south of the Cretaceous Sambagawa metamorphic rocks. The newly characterized mylonitic rocks are lying structurally above the Sambagawa Metamorphic Complex and are distributed along the Paleo‐MTL. The extension of the Higo Plutonometamorphic Complex, as well as the structural relationship between this complex and the Sambagawa Metamorphic Complex, is still controversial but holds a key to reconstruct the tectonic evolution of Southwest Japan during the Late Mesozoic to Early Cenozoic period. Hence, this article provides new insight into the reconstruction of the evolution history of East Asia as an active convergent margin.