Apports des phyllosilicates dans la différenciation entre altération hypogène et altération supergène dans le basalte triasique du Moyen Atlas (Maroc)Contribution of phyllosilicates to distinguish between hypogene alteration and weathering in Triassic basalt from Middle Atlas (Morocco)

Triassic basalt of the Middle Atlas has been subject to metamorphic transformation then weathering. Occurrence in both metabasalt and saprolite of ubiquitous clay minerals, such as smectite and mixed layers chlorite–smectite, makes it difficult to distinguish between the two alteration facies and explains the interest of complementary sources of information. In the Bhallil weathering profile, petrographical and mineralogical analyses of primary igneous minerals and their alteration products coupled with Fe oxidation state determination in clay fractions allow to identify three alteration facies: (i) metamorphic basalt, where iron occurs mainly as the ferrous form; (ii) the lower part of saprolite, where iron is partially oxidized to its ferric form; (iii) the upper part of saprolite, where iron is completely oxidized. To cite this article: A. Dekayir et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 877–884.     

西金乌兰构造混杂带中基底变质岩的特征和意义

在可可西里的西金乌兰湖一带首次发现了基底变质岩。岩石组合以石英质变质岩石组成。原岩为沉积建造。出露仅限于西金乌兰构造混杂带内。根据区域对比，认为是羌塘陆块的结晶基底。说明西金乌兰构造混杂带是羌塘陆块上裂解形成的。     

西藏班戈节浪垭地区念青唐古拉群变质作用特征

西藏念青唐古拉山的西端出露一套中、低级变质岩,主要有:斜长角闪岩、云母片岩、斜长片麻岩和大理岩等。研究表明,该变质岩经历了两期变形作用的改造,第一期变形稍滞后于变晶作用,形成岩石片理;第二期变形是在片理之上叠加了折劈理。经电子探针分析,岩石中的角闪石、透辉石、石榴石、黑云母和斜长石等单矿物均为变质成因的矿物。利用矿物对该变质岩的变质作用温、压条件进行了计算,分别为:T=540～695 ℃,P=0.4～0.67 Gpa。研究区角闪石Ar-Ar同位素年龄测定,其年龄为(845±1)Ma,表明其变质时代为新元古代。     

阿拉善地区前寒武纪斜长角闪岩组成矿物特征及变质温压条件

本文对阿拉善地区四个岩群、岩组和片麻岩中斜长角闪岩的主要组成矿物角闪石和斜长石的化学成分进行了测定并划分了矿物种，对角闪石和斜长石矿物对采用多种计算方法进行了变质温度压力条件的计算。根据Ti-Al^Ⅳ关系图解和(Na2O K2O)-TiO2关系图解，限定其变质相等级。在此基础上结合形成环境进行了变质作用类型的划分。不同岩群、岩组和片麻杂岩中斜长角闪岩所含角闪石和斜长角闪岩一样，显示高TiO2和高K2O的特点。角闪石中FeO MgO含量基本一致，而FeO和MgO含量呈负相关。所有斜长角闪岩中的角闪石都属于钙质角闪石系列。由于MgO和FeO含量和镁铁比值的差异，按Leak B E的分类可分出七个矿物种类。斜长角闪岩中的斜长石主要为中长石，An在42％～66％之间，Ab在34％～58％之间，分布范围较集中。在少数岩石中，除中长石外还见有少量拉长石残余。叠布斯格岩群斜长角闪岩的压力范围为0．5～0．6Gpa时，温度为795～782℃，其变质相为高角闪岩相-角闪麻粒岩亚相，属中高温-高温区域变质作用。巴彦乌拉山岩组斜长角闪岩的变质压力在0．5Gpa时，温度为739℃。从岩相学和矿物组合分析，变质相已达高角闪岩相，相当于中高温区域变质作用。阿拉善岩群德尔和通特岩组的斜长角闪岩已达高角闪岩相，以中低压(0．45Gpa)，温度743℃为其变质温压条件，结合该岩群存在递增变质带的特点，属中高温(偏低)区域动力热流变质作用。波罗斯坦庙片麻杂岩中的斜长角闪岩在压力为0．45～0．8Gpa时，其温度为774～754℃，变质相达高角闪岩相，变质类型属中高温区域变质作用。     

山东省日照市官山闪长玢岩锆石SHRIMP年龄:印支期岩浆热事件及其对超高压变质岩折返历史的限定

对苏鲁超高压变质带日照官山地区侵入于榴辉岩中的原生块状闪长玢岩进行了锆石SHRIMP年龄分析。结果显示,数据点构成的不一致线与一致线上交点年龄为(876±62)Ma,下交点年龄为(201±20)Ma。上交点年龄为残余锆石年龄,下交点年龄大致代表了闪长玢岩的形成时代。苏鲁超高压变质带中存在较广泛的印支期岩浆热事件。假定超高压变质作用发生于228Ma,推算出闪长玢岩侵位前超高压变质岩的折返速率大致为3.63mm/a,闪长玢岩侵位后超高压变质岩的折返(剥蚀)速率大致为0.03mm/a。     

The Liaonan metamorphic core complex, Southeastern Liaoning Province, North China: A likely contributor to Cretaceous rotation of Eastern Liaoning, Korea and contiguous areas

The Mesozoic Liaonan metamorphic core complex (mcc) of the southeastern Liaoning province, North China, is an asymmetric Cordilleran-style complex with a west-rooting master detachment fault, the Jinzhou fault. A thick sequence of lower plate, fault-related mylonitic and gneissic rocks derived from Archean and Early Cretaceous crystalline protoliths has been transported ESE-ward from mid-crustal depths. U–Pb ages of lower plate syntectonic plutons (ca. 130–120 Ma), ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar cooling ages in the mylonitic and gneissic sequence (ca. 120–110 Ma), and a Cretaceous supradetachment basin attest to the Early Cretaceous age of this extensional complex. The recent discovery of the coeval and similarly west-rooting Waziyu mcc in western Liaoning [Darby, B.J., Davis, G.A., Zhang, X., Wu, F., Wilde, S., Yang, J., 2004. The newly discovered Waziyu metamorphic core complex, Yiwulushan, western Liaoning Province, North China. Earth Science Frontiers 11, 145–155] indicates that the Gulf of Liaoning, which lies between the two complexes, was the center of a region of major crustal extension.Clockwise crustal rotation of a large region including eastern Liaoning province and the Korean Peninsula with respect to a non-rotated North China block has been conclusively documented by paleomagnetic studies over the past decade. The timing of this rotation and the reasons for it are controversial. Lin et al. [Lin, W., Chen, Y., Faure, M., Wang, Q., 2003. Tectonic implication of new Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic constraints from Eastern Liaoning Peninsula, NE China. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (B-6) (EPM 5-1 to 5-17)] proposed that a clockwise rotation of 22.5° ± 10.2° was largely post-Early Cretaceous in age, and was the consequence of extension within a crustal domain that tapers southwards towards the Bohai Sea (of which the Gulf of Liaoning is the northernmost part). Paleomagnetic studies of Early Cretaceous strata (ca 134–120 Ma) in the Yixian–Fuxin supradetachment basin of the Waziyu mcc indicate the non-rotation of North China and the basin [Zhu, R.X., Shao, J.A., Pan, Y.X., Shi, R.P., Shi, G.H., Li, D.M., 2002. Paleomagnetic data from Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks of West Liaoning: evidence for intracontinental rotation. Chinese Science Bulletin 47, 1832–1837]. Such upper-plate non-rotation supports our conclusion that the lower plates of the Waziyu and Liaonan metamorphic core complexes were displaced ESE-ward in an absolute sense away from the stable North China block, thus contributing to the rotation of Korea and contiguous areas. Rotation is inferred to have affected only the upper crust above mid-crustal levels into which we believe the Jinzhou and Waziyu detachment fault zones flattened. If this is the case, the regional Tan Lu fault that lies between the two core complexes was truncated at mid-crustal depth, since in areas to the south it forms the boundary between the North and South China lithospheric blocks. It is noteworthy that the two extensional complexes lie not far north of the Bohai Bay, the area proposed by Lin et al. [Lin, W., Chen, Y., Faure, M., Wang, Q., 2003. Tectonic implication of new Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic constraints from Eastern Liaoning Peninsula, NE China. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (B-6) (EPM 5-1 to 5-17)] as the site of the pole of rotation for Korea's clockwise displacement.Lin et al. [Lin, W., Chen, Y., Faure, M., Wang, Q., 2003. Tectonic implication of new Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic constraints from Eastern Liaoning Peninsula, NE China. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (B-6) (EPM 5-1 to 5-17)] were unaware of the Liaonan and Waziyu mcc's and argued that most of the regional block rotation was post-Early Cretaceous and, in part, early Cenozoic. However, the ca. 130–120 Ma ages of the two Liaoning mcc's and a Songliao basin mcc (Xujiaweizi), the latter discovered only by recent drilling through its younger stratigraphic cover, support our and some Korean coworkers' conclusions that most of the clockwise rotation was Early Cretaceous.     

韧性剪切带型金矿床矿物中熔融包裹体与矿床成因研究

在新疆乔尕山及广东河台韧性剪切带金矿床的含金石英脉及糜棱岩中首次发现熔融包裹体及流体一熔融包裹体，其均一化温度分别为780～960℃与600℃。用电子探针及扫描电镜能谱对熔融包裹体子矿物成分进行分析，通过56个熔融包裹体231个测点分析，鉴定出石英、白云母、黑云母、磁铁矿等十种子矿物，组成不同的矿物组合。子矿物常含Si、Al、Na、K、Au、Ag、Cu等元素。剪切带金矿床中熔融包裹体的发现为其成因研究提供了新依据，表明成矿与多阶段硅酸盐熔体及流体作用有关。     

变质作用高峰期后的离子再交换与纯转换反应及对温度压力计算的影响

变质程度达角闪岩相及麻粒岩相的各类变质岩石在变质作用高峰期后，如果降温速率比较慢，往往发生退变质性质的离子再交换反应与纯转换反应。这两类退变质反应不可避免地改造了变质高峰期的矿物成分，使岩石不能准确记录变质作用各阶段的矿物成分和变质作用p-T轨迹。对这两类反应的研究已成为近年来变质岩石学研究的热点之一。本文通过研究实例，简要综述了基性麻粒岩中石榴子石-斜方辉石之间的Fe-Mg再交换反应、酸性麻粒岩中斜长石-碱性长石之间的K-Na再交换反应、泥质片麻岩中石榴子石变斑晶边部的部分分解(纯转换)反应，以及恢复变质高峰期矿物成分和计算变质高峰期p-T条件的方法。指出只有在准确恢复变质高峰期变质矿物成分的基础上，获得的变质作用p-T-t轨迹才能反映客观地质事实。     

苏鲁超高压变质带南部浅变质岩的全岩Rb-Sr同位素年龄

提供了苏鲁超高压变质带南部震旦纪浅变质千枚岩的全岩Rb Sr同位素年龄测试数据 ,获得了 2 2 1± 14Ma的等时线年龄。对测试结果的分析认为 :该年龄为浅变质岩的变质年龄。区域调查对比表明 ,低绿片岩相变质作用在造山带组成岩石中普遍存在 ,并叠加于超高压变质岩石 ,因而上述年龄代表在印支期存在普遍的退变质作用年龄。浅变质岩中印支期同位素年龄的获得 ,对正确认识超高压变质带的演化具有重要意义。     

鹤岗矿区煤变质特征及变质规律

通过对鹤岗煤田区域地层、区域构造、岩浆活动规律的分析研究，阐述了鹤岗煤田煤变质作用以区域变质作用为主，局部出现接触变质作用。在走向上煤的变质程度由南向北逐渐增高，在倾向上煤层随赋存深度的增大变质程度逐渐增高。