矿物表面基团与表面作用

矿物的表面或界面过程存在于一切地质过程中,并在材料和环境科学领域得到广泛应用。矿物的表面结构、表面基团与表面作用之间存在着一定的内在联系,矿物结构的多样性决定了表面基团类型的多种性和表面作用的多样性。本文较系统地介绍了矿物表面功能基、表面配位反应、表面配合反应、表面氧化还原反应、表面异位催化反应和表面离子交换反应的类型及作用机制。     

高盐变质流体对我国绿岩带金矿的制约

高盐变质流体为绿岩带原岩在变质 -混合岩化过程中产生的液体 ,其含盐度高达 30～ 40 wt% Na Cl,富含 K、Na、Ca、Mg碱金属离子 ,K/ Na≈ 1,呈强碱性 ,有利于绿岩中 Au的活化和迁移 ,使绿岩带起到金的矿源层作用 ,并且间接地控制了变质期后绿岩型金矿的形成和分布 ,控制了绿岩型金矿的规模大小     

Microstructural tectonometamorphic processes and the development of gneissic layering: a mechanism for metamorphic segregation

The Mary granite, in the East Athabasca mylonite triangle, northern Saskatchewan, provides an example and a model for the development of non-migmatitic gneissic texture. Gneissic compositional layering developed through the simultaneous evolution of three microdomains corresponding to original plagioclase, orthopyroxene and matrix in the igneous rocks. Plagioclase phenocrysts were progressively deformed and recrystallized, first into core and mantle structures, and ultimately into plagioclase-rich layers or ribbons. Garnet preferentially developed in the outer portions of recrystallized mantles, and, with further deformation, produced garnet-rich sub-layers within the plagioclase-rich gneissic domains. Orthopyroxene was replaced by clinopyroxene and garnet (and hornblende if sufficient water was present), which were, in turn, drawn into layers with new garnet growth along the boundaries. The igneous matrix evolved through a number of transient fabric stages involving S-C fabrics, S-C-C' fabrics, and ultramylonitic domains. In addition, quartz veins were emplaced and subsequently deformed into quartz-rich gneissic layers. Moderate to highly strained samples display extreme mineralogical (compositional) segregation, yet most domains can be directly related to the original igneous precursors. The Mary granite was emplaced at approximately 900 °C and 1.0 GPa and was metamorphosed at approximately 750 °C and 1.0 GPa. The igneous rocks crystallized in the medium-pressure granulite field (Opx–Pl) but were metamorphosed on cooling into the high-pressure (Grt–Cpx–Pl) granulite field. The compositional segregation resulted from a dynamic, mutually reinforcing interaction between deformation, metamorphic and igneous processes in the deep crust. The production of gneissic texture by processes such as these may be the inevitable result of isobaric cooling of igneous rocks within a tectonically active deep crust.     

桐柏山北部的黑硬绿泥石变质带

桐柏北部的黑硬绿泥石变质带位于桐柏大别山造山带北部,紧邻桐商断裂带的构造混杂岩带中。含黑硬绿泥石变质岩的矿物组合由黑硬绿泥石+阳起石+绿帘石+白云母+钠长石土黑云母±绿泥石±石英组成。其变质原岩为辉长岩和斜长花岗岩类。变质温压条件约为1±0．3GPa,703．15±323．15K,是印支期(230Ma)区域构造糜棱岩化过程中辉长岩和斜长花岗岩块应变退化变质作用的产物。     

潼关小秦岭地区金的热穹窿成矿地质模型

根据对小秦岭地区大地构造位置的最新认识,在对一系列野外地质矿产信息综合研究的基础上,提出了“板内Ａ型俯机制下变质核杂岩内岩浆热穹窿金成矿地质模型”。认为小秦岭地区金矿的矿质来源于华北陆块南缘上地慢,成矿介质为下渗的地表水,成矿机制是以燕山斯花岗岩基熔体为中心的热穹窿所形成的热力系统。热穹窿的成生、演化,消亡过程不仅从时间上决定了矿化发生的有序性及叠加规律。并且通过对变质核杂岩构造的改造,利用,决定     

赣中变质岩带的组成及构造变质变形特征

赣中变质岩带不是简单的一套震旦纪地层 ,而是由结晶基底中元古界中深变质岩系 (斜长角闪岩的Sm Nd全岩等时线年龄为 1113± 4 9Ma)和褶皱基底变质较浅的震旦系组成。两者之间以具热流体参与的混合岩化、韧性剪切带和递进变质三位一体组成的动热变质带接触。结晶基底经历了4期构造变质变形的叠加改造 ,每期构造变形都在变质岩石构造单元内留下各种变形形迹 ,变质作用表现为时间上的递进和空间上的叠加演化系列 ,是一套以众多的不平衡结构和多相共生混存的矿物组合 ,热变质带为一套动热变质塑性变形带 ,空间上依次形成绢云母—绿泥石带、黑云母带、石榴石带、十字石带以及夕线石带     

五台山区太古宙铁建造型金矿成矿流体性质和成因

五台山区铁建造金矿经历初生成矿作用和叠加成矿作用。初生成矿作用形成于变质峰期之后 ,与区域变质作用有关。矿石富含水溶液包裹体。包裹体均一温度 171～ 2 55℃ ,压力 0 .12～ 0 .31GPa。流体成分模式Au -H2 S NaCl-CO2 -H2 O。氢氧同位素具变质水和雨水双重性 ,流体主要来源于变质热液 ,受雨水混合。叠加成矿作用可能受岩浆活动影响 ,矿石富含CO2 包裹体 ,均一温度 30 6～ 385℃ ,压力 0 .6～ 1.0 5GPa ,流体盐度较高 ,成矿流体可能与岩浆热液有关。     

Complex origin for the south-western Zamboanga metamorphic basement complex, Western Mindanao, Philippines

Abstract Amphibolites unconformably overlain by a metasedimentary sequence of quartz-muscovite-feldspar-kyanite schists, metagraywackes and epidote-bearing amphibolites occur in the northern portion of the south-western Zamboanga metamorphic basement complex, western Mindanao. These amphibolites (here identified as the Mount Dansalan amphibolites) display relict magmatic textures inherited from cumulate gabbro protoliths. Bulk-rock major and trace-element data are consistent with this hypothesis. Together with the chemistry of relict igneous clinopyroxenes, they indicate a magmatic arc-related signature for the gabbro protoliths. Geochemical data allow us to identify various sources for the associated metasediments: the gabbro themselves for the metagraywackes and a continental basement for the quartz-muscovite-feldspar-kyanite schists. Both sources contributed to the genesis of the epidote-amphibolite metasediments. The compositions of the metamorphic mineral assemblages suggest that the rocks have undergone metamorphism at temperatures ranging from 550°C to 700°C and pressures probably in the range of 5–9 kbar. ⁴⁰K–⁴⁰Ar isotopic study of amphibole separates from the Mount Dansalan samples document a metamorphic event dated at 24.6 ± 1.4, 22.2 ± 1.4 and 21.2 ± 1.2 Ma. Our results are in agreement with plate tectonic models which describe the south-western Zamboanga metamorphic basement as a continental terrane. However, its evolution was not as simple as it was usually considered. In particular the basement incorporated slivers of magmatic arc crust, which cannot be unambiguously related to any of the Tertiary arcs documented in the area.     

扬子板块俯冲加积杂岩的初步研究

根据大别—苏鲁造山带浅变质岩系的地质产状,本文将其与高压—超高压岩石一起作为大陆板块俯冲的加积杂岩来考虑,发现它们在岩石类型、变质时代和原岩性质等方面具有一定的可比性,因此可看作为扬子板块大陆俯冲的加积杂岩。由此根据板块俯冲的加积楔模型,对浅变质岩系的形成和演化过程进行了地球动力学解释,结果对扬子板块俯冲及其与华北板块碰撞的俯冲带和缝合带位置提供了制约。     

Modeling Permeability Changes Caused by Hydrothermal Circulation

A new model for simulating porosity and permeability changes caused by sedimentary reservoirsdiagenesis is presented. Permeability is computed from changes in the mineral volume fractionsresulting from precipitation and dissolution of the rock-forming mineral as fluid flows throughvariable salinity and temperature fields. Its evolution is controlled by a power—law relationship,in which a weighting coefficient is assigned to clay minerals. This approach allows theincorporation of the widely observed influence of clay content on the porosity—permeabilityrelationship. A synthetic example is set up to analyze the sensitivity of the results to a set offour controlling parameters: the effect of the clay-weighting coefficient compared to the effectof the salinity gradient, temperature gradient, and exponent coefficient of the permeabilityevolution law. Using a large range of values for these parameters, the results show that theirinfluence is of equivalent magnitude in terms of permeability evolution rate. It also seemsthat the value of the clay-weighting coefficient affects the evolution trend: permeability mayincrease when the porosity decreases (and vice versa). The model is compared to the classicalapproach for which permeability is a function of porosity change only. Results display thestrong influence of even low values of the clay-weighting coefficient on the permeabilitychange. Consequently, the specific influence of mineral transfers on pore structure changes isa key parameter for modeling permeability changes and cannot be bypassed by the use ofsimple porosity—permeability evolution law.