与角岩有关的矿床主要类型及其对深部找矿的意义

作为热接触变质的产物,角岩在石墨、硅灰石、红柱石等变质成因非金属矿床和各种金属矿床以及油气矿藏均可见,但对其调查研究成果并不多。在文献综述的基础上,结合在南岭、冈底斯等重要成矿带地质找矿的实践,通过对与矿产资源有关的角岩广义概念的界定,概述了与角岩有关的各主要类型矿床的地质特征,如石墨、硅灰石、红柱石等变质成因非金属矿床,钨、钼、铁、铜、铀、金、铅锌、锡、银和稀有金属矿床以及油气矿藏;举例阐述了近年来角岩发育矿区深部找矿中的新突破,如江西淘锡坑钨矿,广西大厂铜坑至拉么一带的锡多金属矿床,西藏甲玛铜多金属矿,云南老厂银铅锌矿、羊拉铜矿、雪鸡坪铜矿等矿区;讨论了角岩型矿床成矿预测的准则。结果表明:矿区和矿田大比例尺深部预测时应注意岩石组合、干湿关系、封闭与开放体系、岩石物性和分带性、原岩岩性及其空间配置关系;区域性中、小比例尺成矿评价时应注意角岩的空间分布、岩石学特征与矿产资源的专属性关系等;利用角岩预测隐伏岩体的应用前景广泛,在深部找矿中具有现实意义。建议加强角岩与成矿关系的理论研究,对以往地质填图工作中发现的"角岩化带"可重新评价其与成矿的关系。     

山西省落家河铜矿地质特征及矿床成因浅析

落家河矿田位于中条三叉裂谷南东支的落家河构造剥蚀天窗内,该区域位于线性构造和弧形构造的交叉部位,是成矿有利部位.落家河矿区赋矿岩性为新太古界绛县群宋家山组绿泥片岩和变细碧岩.宋家山组一套钠质中基—中酸性火山凝灰岩夹正常沉积钙质副变质岩组成.经变质后的绿片岩层是主要找矿层位,特别是该岩层沿走向或倾向变化大和膨胀部位.硅化...     

胶东大磨曲家金矿床岩石磁组构、构造变形与金矿化

在胶东地区招远-平度断裂带上的大磨曲家金矿区选取了典型的构造区域进行岩石磁组构研究。沿着断裂带在不同构造部位的36个采样点钻取了112个定向岩心样品,所有样品均沿勘探线布置。磁组构研究显示,研究区以弱磁性岩石为主,总体上,胶东群变质岩的磁化率值较高,而玲珑黑云母花岗岩的磁化率值较低,尤以碎裂程度高的强蚀变岩的磁化率值最低;磁化率各向异性方位主要为NE向挤压,磁组构所指示的构造应力场与大磨曲家矿区的区域挤压应力方向是相同的;对具不同程度矿化的81线的Au含量与80线磁组构各向异性度(P值)进行对比研究发现,P值与金品位呈负相关关系;弱矿化糜棱岩中的金矿化在磁面理发育的岩石中较为发育,成矿晚期,Au元素含量随着岩石磁性的减弱而增加,特别是在强应变后弛豫阶段矿液充填于相对张性的石英脉中Au含量最高。     

Defining the concept of stratigraphic grade and applying it to stratal (reservoir) architecture and evolution of the slope-to-basin profile: An outcrop perspective

Stratigraphic grade is the similarity of the morphology of successive slope-to-basin profiles in a genetically related depositional system. In this article we use data collected from regional cross-sections of six depositional systems, stratal architecture derived from outcrops of the Lewis Shale (Wyoming, USA), and the Ross Sandstone (Ireland), and supplementary outcrop and subsurface data from other depositional systems to determine how stratigraphic grade relates to stratal (reservoir) architecture in deepwater systems.Four methods are developed that collectively define stratigraphic grade: (1) regional stacking patterns of fourth-order stratigraphic surfaces, (2) the relationship between the trajectory of the shelf edge (T_se) and the trajectory of the depocenter (T_d) for fourth-order stratigraphic units, (3) morphology of the slope-to-basin profiles of fourth-order stratigraphic surfaces, and (4) the similarity of the morphologies of slope-to-basin profiles of fourth-order surfaces in a system (σ_s, σ_r). Several characteristics of stratigraphic (reservoir) architecture of fourth-order stratigraphic cycles are related to stratigraphic grade: (1) longitudinal distribution of sandstone in fourth-order cycles, (2) location of maximum sandstone relative to the depocenter of fourth-order cycles, (3) lengths of fourth-order submarine fans, and (4) longitudinal and vertical distribution of architectural elements. Stratigraphic grade is thus a predictor of reservoir architecture and can thereby be used to reduce the uncertainty in the interpretation of subsurface data.The concept of stratigraphic grade is useful in understanding the stratigraphic evolution of deepwater systems. Most deepwater systems analyzed in this study initiated as out-of-grade and temporally evolved to graded systems over a time span of millions of years. Systems rarely evolve from graded to out-of-grade. First-order controls on stratigraphic grade are determined to be angle of slope, tectonically forced changes in angle of slope during deposition, and sediment supply.     

新疆尼勒克县喀英迪地区铅锌矿地质特征及成因

喀英迪铅锌矿主要产于早石炭世阿克沙克组及其与晚奥陶世呼独克达坂组的接触带上。通过普查工作共圈定15个铅锌矿体。其中主要矿体4个,Ⅰ-4矿体处于晚奥陶世呼独克达坂组灰岩与早石炭世阿克沙克组的不整合接触面上及其两侧,工程控制总长度为523m,最大斜深100m。倾向70°～100°,倾角一般20°～50°,连续性较好。该矿体铅单工程厚0.86～5.64m,平均2.86m,厚度变化系数为70.57%;锌单工程厚0.80～5.64m,平均1.81m,厚度变化系数为93.97%,属于变化较稳定型矿体。铅单工程品位0.62%～16.47%,平均4.53%,品位变化系数114.34%;锌单工程品位0.53%～12.37%,平均3.78%,品位变化系数57.47%。属于有用组分分布较均匀型矿体。通过对矿床地质特征的研究,认为该矿床属沉积岩容矿的、层控的、构造控制非岩浆型低温热液矿床。     

Quantifying Barrovian metamorphism in the Danba Structural Culmination of eastern Tibet

The Danba Structural Culmination is a tectonic window into the late Triassic to early Jurassic Songpan‐Garzê Fold Belt of eastern Tibet, which exposes an oblique section through a complete Barrovian‐type metamorphic sequence. Systematic analysis of a suite of metapelites from this locality has enabled a general study of Barrovian metamorphism, and provided new insights into the early thermotectonic history of the Tibetan plateau. The suite was used to create a detailed petrographic framework, from which four samples ranging from staurolite to sillimanite grade were selected for thermobarometry and geochronology. Pseudosection analysis was applied to calculate P–T path segments and determine peak conditions between staurolite grade at ～5.2 kbar and 580 °C and sillimanite grade at ～6.0 kbar and 670 °C. In situ U–Pb monazite geochronology reveals that staurolite‐grade conditions were reached at 191.5 ± 2.4 Ma, kyanite‐grade conditions were attained at 184.2 ± 1.5 Ma, and sillimanite‐grade conditions continued until 179.4 ± 1.6 Ma. Integration of the results has provided constraints on the evolution of metamorphism in the region, including a partial reconstruction of the regional metamorphic field gradient. Several key features of Barrovian metamorphism are documented, including nested P–T paths and a polychronic field gradient. In addition, several atypical features are noted, such as P–T path segments having similar slopes to the metamorphic field gradient, and T_max and P_max being reached simultaneously in some samples. These features are attributed to the effects of slow tectonic burial, which allows for thermal relaxation during compression. While nested, clockwise P–T–t loops provide a useful framework for Barrovian metamorphism, this study shows that the effects of slow burial can telescope this model in P–T space. Finally, the study demonstrates that eastern Tibet experienced a significant phase of crustal thickening during the Mesozoic, reinforcing the notion that the plateau may have a long history of uplift and growth.     

柴北缘锡铁山两类榴辉岩的退变质过程 及其对俯冲带折返机制的制约

榴辉岩作为俯冲带中重要的岩石类型保存有丰富的地球动力学信息。对榴辉岩及其退变质岩石的研究有助于建立俯冲带演化的p-T轨迹,了解俯冲岩石在折返过程中温压条件及矿物相的变化,从而对俯冲带折返的动力学机制进行限定。对柴北缘锡铁山双矿物榴辉岩及含多硅白云母榴辉岩进行了详细的岩石学研究。在NC（K）FMASH体系中对两类榴辉岩进行变质相平衡模拟,得到双矿物榴辉岩的峰期温压条件为745~790℃,大于2.8~3.0GPa（M1）,后经历等温降压过程达到角闪石榴辉岩岩相（670~770℃,1.6~2.2GPa,M2）,与含多硅白云母榴辉岩经历了相同的折返过程。锡铁山双矿物榴辉岩的原岩具有N-MORB的地球化学特征,而含多硅白云母榴辉岩则显示E-MORB或者OIB特征,二者原岩成分存在明显差异。两类榴辉岩的p-T演化过程和地球化学特征表明,锡铁山双矿物榴辉岩与含多硅白云母榴辉岩矿物学特征的差异是其原岩的多源性造成的,而与俯冲后折返过程中的退变质作用无必然联系。     

Geochemical characteristics and age of metamorphic sole rocks within a Neotethyan ophiolitic mélange from Konya region (central southern Turkey)

Palaeo- and Neo-Tethyan-related magmatic and metamorphic units crop out in Konya region in the south central Anatolia. The Neotethyan assemblage is characterized by mélange and ophiolitic units of Late Cretaceous age. They tectonically overlie the Middle Triassic–Upper Cretaceous neritic to pelagic carbonates of the Tauride platform. The metamorphic sole rocks within the Konya mélange crop out as thin slices beneath the sheared serpentinites and harzburgites. The rock types in the metamorphic sole are amphibolite, epidote-amphibolite, garnet-amphibole schist, plagioclase-amphibole schist, plagioclase-epidote-amphibole schist and quartz-amphibole schist. The geochemistry of the metamorphic sole rocks suggests that they were derived from the alkaline (seamount) and tholeiitic (E-MORB, IAT and boninitic type) magmatic rocks from the upper part of the Neotethyan oceanic crust. Four samples from the amphibolitic rocks yielded ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar isotopic ages, ranging from 87.04 ± .36 Ma to 84.66 ± .30 Ma. Comparison of geochemistry and geochronology for the amphibolitic rocks suggests that the alkaline amphibolite (seamount-type) cooled below 510 ± 25 °C at 87 Ma whereas the tholeiitic amphibolites at 85 Ma during intraoceanic thrusting/subduction. When all the evidence combined together, the intraoceanic subduction initiated in the vicinity of an off-axis plume or a plume-centered spreading ridge in the Inner Tauride Ocean at 87 Ma. During the later stage of the steady-state subduction, the E-MORB volcanics on the top of the down-going slab and the arc-type basalts (IAT/boninitic) detached from the leading edge of the overriding plate, entered the subduction zone after ~2 my and metamorphosed to amphibolite facies in the Inner Tauride Ocean. Duration of the intraoceanic detachment (~87 Ma) and ophiolite emplacement onto the Tauride-Anatolide Platform (Tav?anl? Zone), followed by subsequent HP/LT metamorphism (~82 Ma) spanned ~5 my in the western part of the Inner Tauride Ocean.     

变质岩中金红石研究综述

随着原位微区分析技术的发展,金红石作为常见的副矿物,受到越来越多的关注。文章系统论述了变质岩中金红石的矿物学特征、形成过程及与其同质多像变体的区分方法,总结了金红石在变质岩中4个主要方面的应用,为广泛开展与金红石有关的地质问题的探讨提供了较为全面的基础性认识。     

内蒙古中西部宝音图群云母片岩的变质P- T轨迹与锆石年代学研究

位于内蒙古中西部地区的宝音图群,主要由云母片岩、斜长角闪岩、石英岩和大理岩等组成。其中云母片岩中发育典型的巴罗式递增变质带,目前对于该递增变质带的研究非常薄弱。本文对宝音图群的云母片岩开展了系统的岩相学、矿物化学、相平衡模拟以及锆石U-Pb年代学的研究。岩相学研究结果显示,三个云母片岩样品具有不同的峰期矿物组合,分别为石榴子石+白云母+黑云母+斜长石+石英,十字石+白云母+黑云母+斜长石+钛铁矿+石英,石榴子石+蓝晶石+白云母+黑云母+斜长石+钛铁矿+石英。此外,样品LS93和LS07存在晚期红柱石的叠加。相平衡模拟研究限定三个云母片岩的峰期温度压力分别为：577℃、0.73 GPa, 620℃、0.78 GPa和670℃、0.8 GPa,具有递增型特征,其峰期温度压力指示的地热梯度为18～20℃/km,为典型的中压相系;此外,三个样品的P-T轨迹均显示早期升温升压直至峰期阶段,随后降温降压的顺时针型,反映地壳加厚和后期抬升的演化过程。云母片岩中的锆石发育典型的变质边结构,变质边的Th/U=0.004～0.02,锆石U-Pb年代学结果显示该变质年龄为398±6 Ma,代表峰期或近峰期阶...