Differential exhumation of tectonic units and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Dabie Mountains, China

A model involving buoyancy, wedging and thermal doming is postulated to explain the differential exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks in the Dabie Mountains, China, with an emphasis on the exhumation of the UHP rocks from the base of the crust to the upper crust by opposite wedging of the North China Block (NCB). The Yangtze Block was subducted northward under the NCB and Northern Dabie microblock, forming UHP metamorphic rocks in the Triassic (240–220 Ma). After delamination of the subduction wedge, the UHP rocks were exhumed rapidly to the base of the crust by buoyancy (220–200 Ma). Subsequently, when the left-lateral Tan–Lu transform fault began to be activated, continuous north–south compression and uplifting of the orogen forced the NCB to be subducted southward under the Dabie Orogen (`opposite subduction'). Opposite subduction and wedging of the North China continental crust is responsible for the rapid exhumation of the UHP and South Dabie Block units during the Early Jurassic, at ca 200–180 Ma at a rate of ∼ 3.0 mm/year. The UHP eclogite suffered retrograde metamorphism to greenschist facies. Rapid exhumation of the North Dabie Block (NDB) occurred during 135–120 Ma because of thermal doming and granitoid formation during extension of continental margin of the Eurasia. Amphibolite facies rocks from NDB suffered retrograde metamorphism to greenschist facies. Different unit(s) and terrane(s) were welded together by granites and the wedging ceased. Since 120–110 Ma, slow uplift of the entire Dabie terrane is caused by gravitational equilibrium.     

Structural features of crust-mantle assemblage in the lithosphere along the longitudinal Seismic Belt of China and their tectonic effect

The 1° × 1° distribution map of crust-mantle structural ratio R for the lithosphere along the Longitudinal Seismic Belt of China has been compiled using computer based on the results of geophysical prospecting by previous researchers, and the latest results by the present authors. Based on this map, an insight into the structural features of the crust-mantle assemblage along the Longitudinal Seismic Belt has been gained, while their relation to seismic activity and the distributions of geothermal flux and intracrustal high conductivity-low velocity layers, as well as their tectonic effect to seismicity have been discussed. Contribution No. 97A0079, Institute of Geophysics, State Seismological Bureau, China.     

华北克拉通古元古代区域构造格架及其板块构造演化探讨

华北克拉通古元古代区域构造至少可以划分出三大构造单元：（１）陆内裂谷带（２．３０～２．６０Ｇａ）;（２）陆缘造山带（２．３０～２．６０Ｇａ）;（３）再造的太古代克拉通区（麻粒岩相带）（大于２．５０Ｇａ）．太古代末—古元古代重要的区域性构造－热事件序列依次为：（１）克拉通中部不同地壳层次伸展及裂谷盆地的发育;（２）克拉通北缘构造活动、增生及陆壳基底再造;（３）与大陆裂谷盆地闭合过程相联系的板内造山－前陆盆地发育．板块构造模式可以很好地解释上述构造作用类型．     

岩浆岩型伴生金矿床的时空分布特征及区域控矿作用

从伴生金的角度对岩浆岩型矿床的时空分布特征及区域控矿作用进行了总结：划分了吉中、北阴山、富蕴、金川、玛沁、略阳、康滇、哀牢山八个成矿带;指出岩浆岩型伴生金矿床最主要的成矿期为元古代和晚古生代;强调台褶过渡区及褶皱过渡区、深大断裂、基性超基性岩的区域控矿作用。     

天山后碰撞阶段构造演化的新信息——来自阿吾拉勒山中段动力变质岩的证据

中国大山阿吾拉勒成矿带形成于石炭纪—二叠纪裂谷地质背景之上,其中段已发现著名的式可市台富铁矿床以及伴生的一系列铜矿点,成矿围岩为浅变质岩系。笔者根据近年研究,确定该含矿岩系实际是区域性挤压构造形成的动力变质岩带,其中云母片岩的绢云母经~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年,获得坪年龄220.6±3.4Ma和等时线年龄220.7±6.6Ma。这一成果揭示天山山脉在后碰撞地壳演化阶段,经历了晚三叠世构造热事件的改造。     

呼图壁至乌苏一带新构造变形特征及油气勘探方向预测

以覆盖北天山山前呼图壁至乌苏一带的四景 L andsat TM卫星遥感图像的地质解译为基础 ,结合野外实地考察所获取的地质资料以及烃源岩的生烃和排烃的盆地模拟分析结果 ,对呼图壁—乌苏地区第二、三排构造带上新世以来的新构造运动变形特征、背斜和断裂构造的形成时代以及油气勘探方向进行分析和预测。该区第二、三排背斜构造的变形非常强烈 ,它们的构造变形始于上新世末期 ,早更新世末期是新构造变形最强烈的时期 ,这些背斜构造带在中更新世早期已基本形成。第二排背斜构造带的构造变形强于第三排构造带。有利烃源岩安集海河组的排烃高峰期在距今 0 .3Ma左右 ,晚于背斜构造的形成时期 ,其生成和排出的油气很有可能聚集于这些背斜构造中。发育于背斜构造核部或北翼一侧的逆冲断裂构造为油气的垂向运移提供了良好通道 ,但也可能导致油气的逸散和破坏。综合分析表明第三排背斜构造带中的西湖背斜、独南背斜、安集海背斜和呼图壁背斜具有良好的油气勘探前景     

南祁连盆地石炭─侏罗纪地层区划及石油地质特征

通过对南祁连盆地石炭─保罗系地质剖面的研究,依据古构造格架、基底特征、构造变形、岩浆活动、沉积建造特征、古生物群特征以及地层发育程度和接触关系等,把该盆地石炭─株罗系划分为3个地居区,并在地层区划的基础上讨论了南祁连盆地石炭一株罗纪原盆地环境格局及石油地质特征．     

豫南熊店高压变质岩的pttD轨迹

豫南熊店高压变质岩块体经历了６期变形和变质作用,即从深地壳层次挤压缩短体制下的不均匀韧性剪切、榴辉岩进变质作用,到中地壳层次挤压体制下的逆冲推覆、钠长绿帘角闪岩相退变质作用,到地壳浅层伸展体制下的脆性—韧性滑脱、绿片岩相变质作用,以及更浅层次的脆性变形,动力变质作用。高压变质岩的形成与向地壳中、浅层次的大幅度抬升均是在挤压机制下韧性变形作用的结果,而高压变质岩暴露到地表是伸展滑脱、断块升降和差异抬升所致。     

苏鲁豫皖接壤地区的环境特征及水环境问题

苏鲁豫皖四省接壤地区环境受人为干扰和黄泛影响严重,环境问题和自然灾害较多,尤其是围绕水环境的旱涝和水体污染问题更为突出,针对四省接壤的特定区位和水环境状况,要通过加强跨地区水资源管理,落实有关法规和实行综合治理等对策进行整治。     

云南省"倒春寒"灾害性天气的研究

根据倒春寒灾害性天气的标准，对1960～2004年的倒春寒过程进行了统计分析，描述了倒春寒过程的天气特征和造成的严重灾害，发现其中的最严重的倒春寒过程的特征，对倒春寒过程进行了分类，并且提出建立较为统一的倒春寒标准的建议。对云南冷空气过程进行了路径分析，发现云南冷空气路径有4条，它们是：西北路径、北方路径、东北路径和偏东路径，而倒春寒过程的冷空气路径主要是北方路径和东北路径，东北路径是云南省最多的一条冷空气路径，而北方路径却造成云南省最强的一次倒春寒过程。