高陡双复杂地区多种页岩气勘探方法效果对比

大巴山地区是我国南方少数地表勘探条件复杂和地下地质构造复杂的高陡双复杂地区。在该区开展了新一轮的页岩气勘探工作,部署多个测井点位,以及1条地震勘探试验线和一条广域电磁法勘探试验线。探测结果表明:测井具有分辨率高、精细测量的特点,但由于同时具有“一孔之见”的特点受到限制;地震资料信噪比低,不能提供准确的地层岩性、断裂等信息,在高陡双复杂地区进行地震勘探难度很高;广域电磁法在该地区复杂地质条件下具有适用性和准确性,可以查明测线的地层分布、构造形态、断裂特征,提供电性分布特征,并预测油气前景,为下一步的三维勘探工作奠定基础。     

Occurrence and significance of a quartz–amphibole schist xenolith within a mafic microgranular enclave in the Xiangshan volcanic-intrusive complex,SE China

The Xiangshan volcanic-intrusive complex is composed of rhyolitic crystal tuffs, welded tuffs, rhyodacite, porphyroclastic rhyolitic lava, subvolcanic rocks such as granite porphyry, and late quartz monzonitic porphyry and lamprophyre dikes. We report the first occurrence of a quartz–amphibole schist (QAS) xenolith enclosed within a mafic microgranular enclave (MME) in the Xiangshan volcanic-intrusive complex. The mineralogy of this xenolith consists of amphibole, biotite, quartz, and minor plagioclase. Petrographic and mineral composition studies indicate that the protolith of this xenolith likely originated from the metamorphic basement beneath Xiangshan. The amphibole (actinolite and magnesiohorblende) has been partially replaced by orthopyroxene at 800–1000°C and by diopside at <700°C, according to mineral thermometers; this replacement process may have taken place after the xenolith was trapped by the mafic magma host (now an MME). Studies of the QAS xenolith provide new information on the emplacement history of the mafic magma. The peak metamorphic temperature for amphibole replaced by pyroxene is higher than the crystallization temperature of the subvolcanic magma, which indicates that the heat of pyroxene formation must have been provided by the engulfing mafic melt. This magma must have emplaced to crustal level and trapped the QAS as a xenolith and then injected into the felsic magma. We suggested that the hybridization processes for the major elements of the pristine mafic magma may have been contaminated by crustal rocks to form its present composition of MME before mafic magma injection. However, the hybridization process appears not to have been formed via a single-stage process because various types of MMEs are presented in the Mesozoic magmatic rocks of SE China.     

秦岭造山带核部杂岩向西的侧向运移

秦岭造山带核部杂岩即秦岭杂岩南北两侧商丹、朱夏边界剪切带逆-左行和逆(正)-右行相配套的剪切、杂岩内部广泛发育的东倾的A型构造、变质作用的近等温降压以及花岗岩体侵位中心的向东偏移的特点揭示,该杂岩相对两侧古生代地层发生过(晚加里东-早海西期)向西的平行造山带的侧向运移、抬升;水平相对位移量约32-86km:垂向相对抬升量约为15-40km:其动力学背景是杂岩两侧盆地由东向西剪刀状双向俯冲闭合造成的侧向挤出。     

The P–T–t evolution of the exhumed Himalayan metamorphic core in the Likhu Khola region,East Central Nepal

The recent identification of multiple strike‐parallel discontinuities within the exhumed Himalayan metamorphic core has helped revise the understanding of convergence accommodation processes within the former mid‐crust exposed in the Himalaya. Whilst the significance of these discontinuities to the overall development of the mountain belt is still being investigated, their identification and characterization has become important for potential correlations across regions, and for constraining the kinematic framework of the mid‐crust. The result of new phase equilibria modelling, trace element analysis and high‐precision Lu–Hf garnet dating of the metapelites from the Likhu Khola region in east central Nepal, combined with the previously published monazite petrochronology data confirms the presence of one of such cryptic thrust‐sense tectonometamorphic discontinuities within the lower portion of the exhumed metamorphic core and provides new constraints on the P–T estimates for that region. The location of the discontinuity is marked by an abrupt change in the nature of P–T–t paths of the rocks across it. The rocks in the footwall are characterized by a prograde burial P–T path with peak metamorphic conditions of ~660°C and ~9.5 kbar likely in the mid‐to‐late Miocene, which are overlain by the hanging wall rocks, that preserve retrograde P–T paths with P–T conditions of >700°C and ~7 kbar in the early Miocene. The occurrence of this thrust‐sense structure that separates rock units with unique metamorphic histories is compatible with orogenic models that identify a spatial and temporal transition from early midcrustal deformation and metamorphism in the deeper hinterland to later deformation and metamorphism towards the shallower foreland of the orogen. Moreover, these observations are comparable with those made across other discontinuities at similar structural levels along the Himalaya, confirming their importance as important orogen‐scale structures.     

东秦岭造山带核部杂岩水热系统演化机制

东秦岭造山带核部杂岩，在高温高压环境下曾出现大量流体，由溶解作用产生的流体在变形分解带内运移，形成古水热循环系统，该水热系统使岩石中如铀等大离子富集成矿，水岩相互作用造成秦岭杂岩中稀土元素四重分布效应．     

基于k-核解析的地震活动网络特征分析

根据地震活动表现出的网络动力学行为和地震系统所具有的时空复杂性,从复杂网络的角度分析地震活动. 采用基于时空影响域的地震网络构造方法,对地震网络进行k-核解析. 实验结果表明,对地震网络进行k-核解析得到的最高核的节点彼此聚集在一起. 通过分析最高核节点与大地震的位置关系,发现大地震发生的地点与最高核节点所在的位置相邻. 在一些大地震发生前,地震网络的最高核数会迅速增加,在大地震发生时最高核数达到最大值, 大地震发生后最高核数又恢复到稳定状态. 地震网络的k-核解析为我们分析地震系统和研究地震的发生规律提供了一种新的途径.      

论玄武岩底侵作用与长英质火成岩形成的关系--以华东南花岗质火山-侵入杂岩为例

地球层圈热结构特征表明,大陆地壳位于力学边界层（MBL）范围内,其热传递效应受地壳岩石热传导率制约。本文根据热传导理论,采用与前人相同的热物理参数,计算得出1200℃、500m厚玄武岩浆侵位于初始温度为500℃的地壳岩石中,由底侵作用引起地壳部分熔融产生的长英质岩浆（850℃）厚度≤250m,且产生长英质岩浆的时间限制在玄武岩侵位到地壳中后短暂的2700年内。江西南部龙南县临江地区中侏罗世余田群菖蒲组双峰式火山岩地质-地球化学特征及同位素年代学研究证实,该火山岩组合中的流纹质火山岩是拉班玄武质岩浆底侵作用的产物,符合上述数量比例和时间条件。我国东南部中生代陆壳（厚度≤50km）位于热传导起主导作用的MBL层内,由玄武岩浆底侵作用产生的长英质火成岩,在形成的时间及数量上应受地壳岩石热传导机制制约。但在我国东南部大面积出露的中生代火成岩中,花岗岩、流纹质火山岩类占90％以上,而玄武岩仅有局部零星分布,两者在数量上不匹配,在形成时间上也不一致,因而,我国东南部大面积出露的长英质火成岩可能并不是玄武岩浆底侵作用产物,其形成的热动力学背景和机制有待进一步研究。     

新疆西天山那拉提构造带变质核部杂岩地质构造特征

新疆西天山那拉提构造带变质核部杂岩分布于新疆巩留县那拉提山山脊北侧，整体沿那位提南缘构造带北侧呈近东西向展布，为一套由高级变质表壳岩、灰色片麻岩组成的早前寒武系高级片麻岩系，历经多期不同构造体制变形变质改造与再造，形成多相片麻岩系，并呈长垣状变质核部杂岩隆升，构成那拉提造山带的核部构造物质组成。     

新疆西天山艾日垦其垦铜钼矿床成矿过程及其找矿潜力

艾日垦其垦矿床是近年发现的铜钼矿床,位于中国西天山东部,处在中亚成矿带腹地。主要赋矿岩石为二长花岗岩,可划分为钾化带、硅化带、青磐岩化带和绢英岩化带等4个明显的蚀变带,且成带状分布,主要受那拉提南缘断裂控制。本文对矿脉中钾长石和岩体中绢云母进行了年龄测试,结果显示热液作用时限为268.35±4.05 Ma,岩浆作用时限为321.43±4.24 Ma。主微量元素分析测试显示出赋矿岩体富Si（SiO₂=71.01%～73.94%）,富碱（Na₂O+K₂O=5.53%～7.80%）,贫钙（CaO=1.95%～2.93%）,高Sr（>417×10^-6）低Y（<12.3×10^-6）,总体上富集大离子亲石元素LILE（Ba、Th、Rb、K）,亏损高场强元素HFSE（Nb、Ta、Ti）,微量元素比值暗示曾发生下地壳加厚作用。流体包裹体测试结果显示出本矿床含矿脉体主要为变质流体包裹体,且近定向排列,具有低温低盐度特征,这与典型斑岩型矿床区别很大。研究认为本区在石炭纪岩浆侵入阶段并未形成矿床,但形成了铜钼等金属的预富集,二叠纪的热液作用是形成矿床的关键过程,与当时发生的韧性剪切作用关系密切,断裂为成矿热液上移提供动力和通道。     

Spinel–cordierite symplectites replacing andalusite: evidence for melt-assisted diapirism in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa

Spinel–cordierite symplectites partially replacing andalusite occur in metapelitic rocks within the cores of several country rock diapirs that have ascended into the upper levels of layered mafic/ultramafic rocks in the Bushveld Complex. We investigate the petrogenesis of these symplectites in one of these diapirs, the Phepane dome. Petrographic evidence indicates that at conditions immediately below the solidus the rocks were characterized by a cordierite‐, biotite‐ and K‐feldspar‐rich matrix and 5–10 mm long andalusite porphyroblasts surrounded by biotite‐rich fringes. Phase relations in the MnNCKFMASHT model system constrain the near‐solidus prograde path to around 3 kbar and imply that andalusite persisted metastably into the sillimanite + melt field, where the fringing relationship between biotite and andalusite provided spatially restricted equilibrium domains with silica‐deficient effective bulk compositions that focused suprasolidus reaction. MnNCKFMASHT pseudosections that model these compositional domains suggest that volatile phase‐absent melting reactions consuming andalusite and biotite initially produced a moat of cordierite surrounding andalusite; reaction progressed until all quartz was consumed. Spinel is predicted to grow with cordierite at around 720 °C. Formation of the aluminous solid products was strongly controlled by the receding edge of andalusite grains, with symplectites forming at the andalusite‐cordierite moat interface. Decompression due to melt‐assisted diapiric rise of the floor rocks into the overlying mafic/ultramafic rocks occurred close to the thermal peak. Re‐crossing of the solidus at P = 1.5–2 kbar, T > 700 °C resulted in preservation of the symplectites. Two features of the silica‐deficient domains inhibited resorption of spinel. First, the cordierite moat armoured the symplectites from reaction with crystallizing melt in the outer part of the pseudomorphs. Second, an up‐T step in the solidus at low‐P, which may be in excess of 100 °C higher than the quartz‐saturated solidus, resulted in high‐T crystallization of melt on decompression. Even in metapelitic rocks where melt is retained, preservation of spinel is favoured by decompression.