海州—大悟混合岩穹窿地质及成矿作用

文章是在研究海州－大悟含磷岩系及其磷矿底板岩石中不同类型混合岩的岩石学、地球化学的基础上，探讨了变质－深熔过程中稀土元素的活动性状。混合岩穹窿由变沉积岩、混合岩及混合花岗片麻岩组成。变沉积岩、混合岩及混合花岗片麻岩在空间上的密切共生关系，揭示了沉积物经历了变质分异、混合岩化和部分熔融作用改造成花岗质岩石的过程。穹窿具有明显的分带性，从穹窿外向中心，由变质岩带、混合岩带向混合花岗片麻岩带变化，表明了变质反应顺序及混合花岗岩化交代的关系。在变质、混合岩化及部分熔融作用形成混合岩穹窿过程中，磷质发生了运移，在穹窿变质岩与混合岩接触带发生了交代结晶与重结晶作用。在穹窿变质岩带，揉流褶皱成矿作用十分明显     

A petrogenetic grid for eclogite and related facies under high-pressure metamorphism

The petrogenetic grid between the eclogite and other high-pressure/temperature (P/T) metamorphic facies in a basaltic system is constructed by considering barroisite as one of the important phases in high-P/T metamorphism and by using previous petrological data combined with Schreinemakers' analysis and slope calculation. In the constructed petrogenetic grid, the eclogite facies is bounded by the blueschist and epidote–amphibolite facies with negative-slope reactions at lower temperatures (450–550 °C) and by the epidote–amphibolite, amphibolite and granulite facies with positive-slope reactions at higher temperatures (> 550–600 °C). The eclogite facies does not contact the greenschist facies, and the lowest P condition for the eclogite facies exists at the boundary between the eclogite and epidote–amphibolite facies. The temperature range of the epidote–amphibolite facies increases with increasing pressure until 8–11 kbar and then decreases up to 13–15 kbar. Compared to boundaries of other facies, boundaries of the eclogite facies may have wider P–T ranges. The boundary between the blueschist and eclogite facies occurs over a large temperature range from 450 to 620 ± 30 °C, and the transitions between the eclogite and amphibolite or high-pressure granulite facies occur over a pressure range in excess of 6–10 kbar.     

The origin of olivine-plagioclase coronas in metagabbros from the Adirondack Mountains, New York

Olivine-plagioclase coronas in metagabbros from the Adirondack Mountains, New York (USA) are spatially well-organized reaction textures consisting most commonly of sequential layers of orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and garnet; the textures are characteristic of diffusion-controlled reaction kinetics. Although similar coronas have been interpreted by previous workers in terms of an isochemical steady-state diffusion model, petrographical relations and material-balance calculations establish that coronas in the Adirondack metagabbros cannot be treated as isochemical and do not form in a single-stage steady-state process; instead they evolve through time in a complex open-system reaction. In this study, the isochemical diffusion model is modified to account for elemental fluxes across the outer boundaries of the coronal reaction band, thereby approximating the open-system behaviour of the coronas. The sequence and relative proportions of product minerals calculated by the open-system steady-state model correspond closely to those observed in coronas of the Adirondacks, over a wide range of values for the relative diffusivities of chemical components involved in the reaction, regardless of the particular method used to determine material balance in the reaction texture. Despite this correspondence, petrographical evidence for successive replacement of coronal product layers reveals that the Adirondack coronas evolved through one or more transient states, rather than forming in a single-stage steady-state process. There is no evidence that the successive replacement of coronal product layers resulted from changes in pressure or temperature, but there is petrographical evidence that these changes resulted from modification of the composition of reactant plagioclase as the corona-forming reaction proceeded. This is confirmed by the fact that the evolution of the coronas over time can be replicated with the open-system diffusion model by simulating the effect of the gradual exhaustion of plagioclase as a source of the Ca and Si components required for reaction. These simulations suggest that successive stages in the evolution of the coronas are characterized by these product sequences: (i) orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene-plagioclase-garnet; (ii) orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene-garnet; and (iii) orthopyroxene-garnet. All of these stages, and the transitions between them, are observed petrographically. Coronas in Adirondack metagabbros appear, therefore, to have originated in a complex, open-system, diffusion-controlled reaction in which the product assemblages changed as the reaction progressed.     

西藏长青温池波弄贡变质带片麻岩锆石 ELA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及地质意义

西藏林芝至通麦一带出露大面积变质岩,变质岩中含长柱状锆石。长柱状锆石晶体形态特征、矿物包裹体、CL图像及Th/U比值在0.1～0.4之间,表明锆石主要来自火山岩,受后期变质流体改造。长柱状锆石ELA-ICP-MSU-Th-Pb年龄为(40.7±0.3)Ma,MSWD=2.35。变质流体改造边缘部分年龄和核部年龄基本一致。长柱状锆石特征及年龄表明长青温池至通麦一带片麻岩原岩为新生代含火山物质的沉积岩而不是元古宙变质基底。     

Determining the direction of contact metamorphic fluid flow: an assessment of mineralogical and stable isotope criteria

ABSTRACT One-dimensional fluid advection-dispersion models predict differences in the patterns of mineralogical and oxygen isotope resetting during up- and down-temperature metamorphic fluid flow that may, in theory, be used to determine the fluid flow direction with respect to the palaeotemperature gradient. Under equilibrium conditions, down-temperature fluid flow is predicted to produce sharp reaction fronts that separate rocks with isobarically divariant mineral assemblages. In contrast, up-temperature fluid flow may produce extensive zones of isobarically univariant mineral assemblages without sharp reaction fronts. However, during contact metamorphism, mineral reaction rates are probably relatively slow compared with fluid velocities and distended reaction fronts may also form during down-temperature fluid flow. In addition, uncertainties in the timing of fluid flow with respect to the thermal peak of metamorphism and the increase in the variance of mineral assemblages due to solid solutions introduce uncertainties in determining fluid flow directions. Equilibrium down-temperature flow of magmatic fluids in contact aureoles is also predicted to produce sharp δ¹⁸O fronts, whereas up-temperature flow of fluids derived by metamorphic devolatilization may produce gradational δ¹⁸O vs. distance profiles. However, if fluids are channelled, significant kinematic dispersion occurs, or isotopic equilibrium is not maintained, the patterns of isotopic resetting may be difficult to interpret. The one-dimensional models provide a framework in which to study fluid-rock interaction; however, when some of the complexities inherent in fluid flow systems are taken into account, they may not uniquely distinguish between up- and down-temperature fluid flow. It is probably not possible to determine the fluid flow direction using any single criterion and a range of data is required.     

印尼加里曼丹岛东部主要含油气盆地油气富集差异

为加强印尼加里曼丹岛东部地区战略选区研究,指明选区方向,从分析已发现油气分布规律入手,重点探讨了油气分布的控制因素,分析了低勘探程度区勘探潜力。研究表明:(1)陆上和海上分别受控于始新统和中新统三角洲煤系烃源岩,烃源岩类型、成熟度和规模共同控制油气发现"海多陆少、中部为气、南北为油"格局;(2)烃源岩和输导体系是控制油气成藏和分布的两个关键因素,海上和陆上输导体系的差异控制了海陆油气发现,表现为"陆老海新"特征;(3)海上北部达拉根盆地"近源逆冲断裂带"与陆上南部巴里托盆地南部"基底潜山带",石油地质条件优越,勘探潜力较大。     

变质核杂岩中高Sr低Y型花岗岩的发现及其地质意义

在星子变质核杂岩和武功山变质核杂岩中发现了高Sr低Y型花岗岩。这是变质核杂岩构造中高Sr低Y型花岗岩的首次报道。地球化学研究结果表明,它们具有与adakite相似的地球化学特性。在时空分布上,属于中国东部adakite。它们是由玄武岩岩浆底侵到加厚的陆壳底部导致下地壳麻粒岩部分熔融形成的。结合花岗岩的地球化学特片及现有的资料探讨高Sr低Y型花岗岩的形成与变质核杂岩构造之间的成因关系。     

桂东南石窝变质核杂岩区金银成矿地质特征、控矿规律及找矿方向

石窝地区金银矿主要为构造蚀变岩型矿床,其成矿作用一方面与该区早期的以基底剥离断层为特征的变质核杂岩有关,矿床主要分布在剥离断层控制范围内的岩石中,形成特定的“矿化层位”效应;另一方面金、银矿的最终成矿定位与燕山期岩浆活动及其伴生的脆性断层有关,容矿构造主要为该地区的燕山期脆性断层或剪切带,最终定位的成矿热液主要来自燕山...     

中国大陆科学钻探主孔100-2000m岩心的磁化率各向异性及其地质意义

在常温常压条件下获得了中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔331块岩心的磁化率各向异性(AMS)数据,并建立了主孔100—2000m的体积磁化率和AMS连续剖面。数据统计分析显示,主孔100—2000m岩心的磁化率(κ)介于1．05×10-4SI和0．12SI之间,几何平均值为1．855×10-3SI;磁化率各向异性度(Pj)介于1．04和2．10之间,几何平均值为1．155。该井段出露的主要岩石类型有榴辉岩、退变质榴辉岩、角闪岩、正片麻岩、副片麻岩和蛇纹石化橄榄岩,它们的垂向分布特征控制着磁化率剖面的变化。主孔的超高压变质岩石在折返过程中普遍经历了强烈的角闪岩相退变质作用的改造。其磁化率特征也发生相应的改变。蛇纹石化橄榄岩具有很高的磁化率(8．58×10-2SI)和各向异性度(1．335)。这主要源于橄榄岩蛇纹石化过程中产生的大量磁铁矿。榴辉岩、退变质榴辉岩和角闪岩代表榴辉岩从新鲜到完全退变质的三个阶段,它们的磁化率和磁化率各向异性度分别为榴辉岩(1．28×10-3SI、1．077)、退变质榴辉岩(3．19×10-3SI、1．206)、角闪岩(1．02×10-3SI、1．104)。正片麻岩的磁化率和各向异性度分别为5．34×10-3SI和1．167。副片麻岩的磁化率和各向异性度分别为3．46×10-4SI和1．150。对58个变形岩石的AMS测试结果显示,其磁化率椭球体的主轴方向与岩石组构基本一致,即最大磁化率主轴κ1平行矿物线理,最小磁化率主轴κ3垂直岩石面理。同时,这些变形岩石的AMS椭球体多呈现明显的压扁状特征,反映超高压变质岩石在折返过程中处于强烈挤压变形的构造应力环境,为苏鲁超高压变质板片的挤出折返模式提供了佐证。该研究成果也为超高压变质岩石地区磁学研究、地球物理调查和测井成果的解释提供了重要的实验约束。     

浅谈冀东北地区的大地构造演化规律与金矿成矿规律

本文根据新近资料分析冀东北地区的大地构造演化规律对金矿成矿规律的控制作用.由于该区的地壳经过前地槽、地槽、地台和地洼四大不同发展阶段,因而在不同大地构造发展阶段中形成不同的金矿类型:前地槽阶段形成含金矿源层;地槽发展阶段,由于多期混合岩化、多期变质分异和侧分泌作用使矿源层中的金矿质富集溶移而在扩容构造中充填和交代形成变质热液型金矿床,地洼发展阶段,由于古地台的构造岩浆活化解体,在巨厚的的地槽构造层的基底上形成大量的岩浆热液型金矿床和叠加(再造)富化型金矿床.