澜沧江构造带南段变质岩系锆石U-Pb年代学及构造涵义

澜沧江构造带南段的古老变质岩系因临沧花岗岩基的大面积出露而呈零星分散状出露,该地区是否存在前寒武纪结晶基底和变质岩系的精确时代以及澜沧江构造带变质岩系的变质时限等问题还不是很清楚。本文以变质岩系为研究对象,挑选出锆石颗粒进行U-Pb SHRIMP定年,获得锆石核部U-Pb年龄是1802Ma、1404Ma、1092Ma、906~961Ma、812Ma和727~623Ma,时代为古元古代、中元古代和新元古代,揭示研究区存在前寒武纪的结晶基底,三叠纪(~230Ma)发育区域性岩浆作用事件,破坏改造了其结晶基底;昌宁-耈街剖面近澜沧江岸边花岗质片麻岩的锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为73.9±1.8Ma(MSWD=1.3,N=6),记录澜沧江构造带变质岩经历了晚白垩世变质事件。综合研究认为澜沧江构造带南段存在区域性前寒武纪结晶基底,构造带中昌宁段之变质岩系的变质时间为晚白垩世(85~74Ma),并一直持续到36Ma,约32Ma之后构造带发生走滑运动,变质事件明显早于走滑运动事件。     

硬柱石榴辉岩岩石学研究进展

硬柱石榴辉岩是洋壳经历冷俯冲形成的典型低温高压变质岩,硬柱石是俯冲带将水带入地幔深处的重要载体,其具有指示俯冲带深部流体作用的重要科学意义。文中总结了近20年来硬柱石及硬柱石榴辉岩岩石学的主要研究进展及问题：①硬柱石榴辉岩的全球分布;②硬柱石榴辉岩的分类及硬柱石的产状;③硬柱石榴辉岩稳定性的实验及相平衡模拟研究;④硬柱石榴辉岩的形成与保存;⑤硬柱石榴辉岩相关的流体行为。以上几点,特别是硬柱石相关的流体行为,一直是俯冲带研究中的热点领域。西南天山榴辉岩和蓝片岩中广泛发育进变质和退变质脉体,对其进行深入研究,将会对洋壳深俯冲过程中的流体行为进行更好的约束。     

The Formation Model for Marine Potash Deposits within China’s Small Continental Blocks

正Chinese geologists have always been expecting to find out a large scale of potash deposits in marine basins,but only one small-middle scale industrial solid potash deposit had been found at Mengyejing in Langping-Simao basin     

Magnetite Quartzite-Type Iron Ores – China’s Most Important Current Iron Ore Source

正China is abundant in iron-ore resources,with proven ore reserves of 576.62×108 t and proven reserves of 210×108 t,containing an average iron content of 33%.However,the rich iron-ore reserves of 10.85×108 t only account for 1.9%of all proven reserves.China’s iron-ore resources are characterized by many lean ores and a few rich ones.     

内蒙古阿拉善西南缘早前寒武纪地质研究进展

阿拉善地块西南缘的早前寒武纪变质基底主要分布在内蒙古阿拉善右旗与甘肃河西走廊相交界的龙首山—北大山地区,在大地构造上该区是华北克拉通、塔里木克拉通和祁连造山带3个地体的交汇处,因此长期以来备受关注。笔者综合了近十年来中外地质学家对阿拉善地块早前寒武纪地质的研究成果,对已取得的资料成果进行分析整理,从岩石单元划分、年代学、构造边界及大地构造归属4个方面进行论述,总结了近年来对以龙首山岩群为代表的阿拉善地块西南缘早前寒武纪变质基底的研究进展,提出目前争议性较大的问题,并探讨今后进一步研究的方向。     

四川里伍铜矿含矿岩系地球化学特征及成因分析

里伍铜矿位于扬子地台西缘江浪变质核杂岩中,近年来受到普遍关注。本文通过地球化学并结合岩石学研究,对其含矿岩系原岩进行恢复并分析大地构造-沉积环境,进而揭示含矿岩系与成矿作用之间的关系,探讨矿床成因。研究表明以里伍铜矿为代表的"里伍式"铜矿含矿岩系为一套被动大陆边缘含火山质的砂泥质海相沉积岩,主要由石英岩、云母石英片岩和云母片岩组成,夹少量变基性岩。成矿物质主要来源于含矿岩系本身,成矿作用具有多期次、多成因的特点,主成矿作用为燕山期中高温热液交代充填成矿,矿床受韧性剪切带和穹窿构造控制明显。成因上属于海相沉积-改造型矿床。     

Oxygen isotope study of quartz-Al2SiO5 pairs from the Mica Creek area, British Columbia: implications for the recovery of peak metamorphic temperatures

Oxygen isotope analyses of quartz-Al₂SiO₅ pairs have been made for samples from the Mica Creek area, British Columbia. We have analysed quartz–kyanite nodules and quartz–kyanite and quartz–sillimanite in multiphase pelitic rocks from the staurolite–kyanite, kyanite, and sillimanite zones. Apparent temperatures calculated from oxygen isotopic fractionation range from 555 °C (staurolite–kyanite zone) to 695 °C (sillimanite zone). Temperatures from the quartz–kyanite nodules range from 630 to 675 °C. Some of the nodules show isotopic disequilibrium. Most of the results confirm predictions that bimineralic rocks will yield an estimate of peak metamorphic temperatures, when the less abundant mineral (an aluminium silicate) is the slower oxygen diffuser. Using cooling rates of 10–100 °C Ma^?1 for the multiphase rocks, measured crystal sizes and modes, the Fast Grain Boundary diffusion model with ‘wet’ diffusion data (P_H2O?1.0 kbar) yields predicted apparent temperatures which are generally lower than the measured apparent temperatures. The agreement is improved if slower diffusion coefficients are used. This suggests that f (H₂O) during cooling was lower than that of the hydrothermal experiments and thus that there was little interaction with aqueous fluids of internal or external origin to modify the isotopic compositions. The measured apparent isotopic temperatures and apparent garnet–biotite Fe–Mg exchange temperatures show very poor agreement for the sillimanite zone samples, with the garnet–biotite Fe–Mg exchange temperatures generally higher than the oxygen isotope temperatures. Compared with the other calibrations that we tested the measured apparent temperatures using the Sharp calibration show the best agreeement with recently published P–T grids, although some variability in agreement is expected due to variable f (H₂O) during cooling.     

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大别造山带古元古代黑云紫苏斜长片麻岩年代学、 地球化学特征及其地质意义

为探讨大别造山带早期结晶基底物质组成及其演化特征,对大别造山带蕙兰山地区出露的黑云紫苏斜长片麻岩的岩石学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Lu-Hf同位素组成进行研究,显示其原岩应为石英闪长岩,成岩时代为古元古代早期(2463±22 Ma),且经历了古元古代麻粒岩相变质作用,锆石Ti地质温度计显示其变质温度为767～827℃(平均799℃),变质时间为2002±11 Ma(MSWD=0.46)。岩石地球化学成分显示其SiO₂含量为55.16%～57.10%,MgO为4.74%～5.89%,Mg^#值为47.5～50.4,钙碱性系列,富Mg贫Si,稀土配分曲线呈现轻稀土相对富集的右倾分布特征((La/Yb)_N=19.3～34.1),无明显Eu异常((Eu/Eu^*)=0.9～1.2),且具较高的Sr、Ni、Cr含量,以及较低的Yb_N值及Y含量,与镁质闪长岩具相似特征;明显富集Rb、Ba、K等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素;锆石Lu-Hf同位素显示具有较为均一...