小秦岭—熊耳山地区燕山期大规模成矿的地球动力学背景

基于小秦岭-熊耳山地区多金属矿床辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄、矿物40Ar-39Ar年龄、高精度矿物和岩石Rb-Sr等时线测年数据,以及与成矿相关花岗岩的SHRIMP测年数据的分析和研究,认为小秦岭-熊耳山地区燕山期大规模成矿作用主要出现在140Ma和120 Ma两个时期,其中钼钨铅锌矿系列主要形成于早成矿期,金矿形成于晚成矿期.根据与这两个成矿期所对应的岩浆热事件,说明是两期岩浆活动的结果, 其所对应的地球动力学背景分别为构造体制大转换和岩石圈大规模拆沉作用下的伸展环境.     

南岭科学钻探一孔中岩浆岩的矿物特征及其对成岩、成矿作用的指示意义

南岭科学钻探一孔(SP-NLSD-1)位于南岭成矿带与武夷山成矿带的交汇部位——赣南银坑矿田,该钻孔总进尺2967.83 m,钻遇了流纹岩、花岗闪长斑岩、花岗斑岩、辉长闪长玢岩等4种岩浆岩。各岩浆岩矿物组成简单,主要为石英、斜长石、钾长石、黑云母、角闪石及副矿物磷灰石、榍石等,岩石多发生绿泥石化、碳酸盐化、白云母化等蚀变。钾长石均以正长石为主。花岗闪长斑岩中的斜长石以中长石为主,少数为钠长石、更长石、拉长石;花岗斑岩中的斜长石以钠长石为主,少数为更长石。黑云母为富镁黑云母和镁铁黑云母。白云母均由黑云母蚀变而来,花岗闪长斑岩中的白云母具有低的AlVI、Fe/(Fe+Mg)值,花岗斑岩中的白云母具有高的AlVI、Fe/(Fe+Mg)值。磷灰石普遍含F、Cl,且F含量显著高于Cl含量。石榴石属钙铝榴石。绿泥石主要为蠕绿泥石(铁绿泥石)-密绿泥石。黑云母矿物化学特征指示花岗闪长斑岩为壳幔混源花岗岩,具有较高的氧逸度,在演化过程中发生了岩浆混合作用。根据锆石饱和温度计计算出花岗闪长斑岩、花岗斑岩、辉长闪长玢岩的结晶温度分别为810~922℃、764~819℃、742~747℃,成岩后岩浆岩经历了中高温—中低温热液蚀变作用。岩浆岩成岩时代、岩石学和岩相学所反映的岩浆演化过程、成岩物理化学条件、矿物化学特征等方面的综合信息显示,南岭科学钻探一孔中钻遇的花岗闪长斑岩与南岭地区成Cu(-Mo)-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag矿的花岗岩十分相似,应为钻孔中揭露的银金铅锌铜矿化以及牛形坝—柳木坑银金铅锌铜矿的成矿岩浆岩,而钨铋铀矿化与岩浆岩的关系还有待于进一步研究。     

中国航磁异常特征与铁矿床空间分布关系

中国航磁调查已基本覆盖全国,尤其是近二十年来开展了大面积1∶5万高精度航磁调查,为铁矿的成矿规律研究及找矿预测提供了重要的基础数据。文章基于全国航磁编图（1∶100万）和大比例尺（≥1∶5万）航磁数据集,开展区域、矿集区、矿床3个不同尺度的研究,旨在总结4种主要类型铁矿在区域和局部磁场上的响应模式,指导找矿应用。研究表明,不同类型的铁矿在区域磁场上呈现出不同的特征,沉积变质型铁矿主要位于条带状磁异常边部负背景场中的局部高磁异常,岩浆型铁矿主要位于线性磁异常带,接触交代-热液型铁矿（矽卡岩型）主要沿带状或等轴状磁异常边缘分布,火山岩型铁矿通常沿带状磁异常分布。不同的区域磁异常特征通常反映了特定的控矿要素,主要刻画了火山-沉积建造、基性-超基性杂岩、中酸性侵入岩、火山岩由浅部至深部的分布特征,为成矿地质背景研究提供了大量深部信息。岩浆活动强烈的构造带,会导致地壳内基底隆起和较高的地温梯度,呈现出磁性基岩深度和居里面深度较浅的特征,有利于铁矿物的富集成矿。大比例尺航磁资料（≥1∶5万）大都能够直接反映矿体或含矿地质体的特征,磁异常都对应了铁矿体或矿化的中心,但矿体的规模、产状、埋深、品位等特征的变化都会造成磁异常幅值、形状、大小的变化,通过约束条件下2D和3D正反演计算获得深部矿体或含矿地质体的特征,对找矿勘查最具指导意义。概括来讲,中小比例尺航磁资料主要用于成矿地质背景研究,分析成矿控矿要素,达到区域成矿预测的目的。大比例尺航磁资料可用于隐伏矿体或含矿地质体预测,建立深部矿体或含矿地质体二维或三维模型,指导勘探工作。     

Genesis of the Taishanmiao Au Deposit in the Ningshan–Zhenan Ore Field, South Qinling Orogen, China: Evidence from Geochemical, Geochronological and S-Pb-H-O Isotopical Study

The Taishanmiao Au deposit is in the western part of the Ningshan–Zhenan ore field, in the South Qinling orogen. Based on geological and geochemical features, we propose that the Taishanmiao Au deposit is a magmatic-hydrothermal type of deposit. All samples have high SiO2, K2O + Na2O contents and differentiation index values, low CaO, MgO, P2O5, and TiO2 contents, are enriched in high field-strength elements, and depleted in large ion lithophile element. The stable isotope δ34S values of pyrite vary from 6.8%–7.8%, and the H-O isotopic compositions of quartz from quartz-pyrite veins indicate the ore-forming fluid is a mixture of a small amount of magmatic-hydrothermal solution and groundwater. Lead isotope ratios of pyrite and silicalite can show that the ore-forming materials were derived from a mixed source containing mantle and crustal materials. At the same time, the LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of monzogranite is 198.4 ± 4.2 Ma. Combined with the regional geological background, the intracontinental extension in the late collisional orogeny and large-scale lithospheric thinning associated with mantle uplift may lead to large-scale mineralisation in the region.     

科学找矿工作的探索——兼述战略性矿产找矿工程

科学找矿是发现矿床和矿产勘查过程的总称, 在我国已探索了四十余年。它是应用当代有效的成矿学理论, 从各类资料和数据(地、物、化、遥)中提取信息, 研究区域成矿规律, 圈定不同级别的成矿区带(I—V级), 在成矿信息浓集区带或地段, 述明潜在矿床的地质条件, 判定矿床类型, 指明寻找未发现矿床的标志, 部署矿产勘查后进而发现了矿床, 公认它是矿产勘查学科各环节有机联系的系统流程。科学找矿引领地质找矿的重大突破, 促进矿产勘查工作的现代化。我国已通过矿产区划构建了科学找矿内容的基本格架, 在“新一轮固体矿产普查”、“矿产勘查跨世纪工程”、“矿产资源调查评价”和“找矿突破战略行动纲要”(又称“三五八”行动纲要)的实践中进行探索。获取的找矿成果证明, 科学找矿要以矿床成矿系列、矿产预测理论和成矿信息为指导; 矿产远景区划、地质资料的数据处理和提取成矿信息、编制矿产预测和矿床勘探系列图件是手段; 研究典型矿床, 建立区域的和矿床的成矿模式、总结区域成矿规律、圈定矿产预测远景区和找矿靶区、部署矿产勘查工作是发现矿床的科学支撑; 矿产勘查有效机制将科学找矿各个环节的内容实现有机联接, 组成获取找矿和矿床勘探成果的基本段, 概括为“三项理论”、“二个系统”、“二项技术”, 直至今日, 探索工作已获得很好的找矿效果。在未来的“战略性矿产找矿行动(2021—2035年)”实施过程中, 用科学找矿的思路构建矿产勘查新格局。     

东北非VMS矿床地质特征与研究进展

东北非地区主要包括埃及、苏丹、厄立特里亚和埃塞俄比亚.该地区金、银、铜、锌等矿产资源丰富,主要矿床类型为VMS(火山成因块状硫化物)矿床.自发现Ariab、Bisha等大型VMS矿床以来,各国矿业公司在东北非地区开展勘探和开发,并新发现大量矿床,铜、金等矿产资源量不断增加.通过对区域内各国VMS矿床的勘查、研究进展进行...     

东胜铀矿床孙家梁和沙沙圪台地段控矿因素对比

根据铀成矿作用及铀矿体的产出特点分析,认为东胜铀矿床孙家梁和沙沙圪台地段铀成矿过程明显受铀储层的古层间氧化作用、后期改造及还原保矿作用的控制。研究表明,由于不同地段的控制因素存在差异,造成铀矿化特点不一致。因此,掌握不同地段的控矿因素,有助于判断古层间氧化带前锋线的产出位置,对扩大东胜铀矿床规模、预测富铀矿体产出部位以及区域找矿具有指导意义。     

Generation and Evolution of Ore Fluids for Porphyry Cu-Au Mineralization of the Santo Tomas II (Philex) Deposit, Philippines

Abstract: The Santo Tomas II (Philex) deposit is a porphyry Cu‐Au deposit, located in the southern part of the Baguio mineral district, Benguet Province, northern Luzon, Philippines. The Santo Tomas II deposit is associated with an intrusive complex consisting of four rock types that are distinguished based on petrography. They are 1) post‐ore clinopyroxene‐bearing hornblende andesite porphyry, 2) ore‐generating hornblende andesite porphyry, 3) hornblende quartz diorite porphyry and 4) porphyritic hornblende quartz diorite. K‐Ar age of hydrothermal biotitization was estimated to be 1.5±0.4 Ma. A number of intrusive bodies having broadly similar petrography and K‐Ar age occur in the vicinity of the Santo Tomas II deposit, such as at Clifton, Ligay (Binang), Bumolo (Waterhole) and Philex Main Camp areas. The intrusions at the Santo Tomas II deposit and in the vicinity are characterized by high X_Mg (Mg/[Mg+Fe] atomic ratio, about 0.7 or higher) of mafic silicate phenocrysts such as hornblende, and high sulfur contents (> 0.2 wt% as SO₃) in accessory microphenocrystic apatite, suggesting a highly oxidizing condition. Sulfur is accommodated dominantly as oxidized species since the crystallization of phe‐nocrysts. Sub‐dendritic rim of tremolitic amphibole on hornblende phenocryst in the ore‐generating andesite porphyry at the Santo Tomas II deposit suggests interaction of magma and aqueous fluid(s) exsolved due to decompression during intrusion. Dissemination of magnetite is associated with hydrothermal biotitization and is followed by sheeted and stockwork quartz veinlets having silician magnetite and rare titanohematite instead of Cu‐Fe sulfides. The silician magnetite‐rich quartz veinlet was formed at f_O2 near the hematite‐magnetite buffer at nearly magmatic temperature, where sulfur dominantly existed as oxidized species such as SO₂. Chalcopyrite and bornite, which commonly exhibit micrographic texture often accompanying Pd telluride and native gold/Au‐rich electrum, are associated with subsequent anhydrite (‐quartz) veinlets and stringers. Both intermediate solid solution (iss) and bornite solid solution (bnss) are thought to have coprecipitated primarily at above 500°C based on fluid inclusion microthermometry and sulfur isotope thermometry applied for anhydrite and associated chal‐copyrite and bornite. The initial iss is considered to have converted to chalcopyrite partly replacing bnss during cooling. The hypersaline polyphase fluid inclusions abundantly found in the sheeted and stockwork quartz as well as anhydrite veinlets with scarce gaseous inclusions suggest that they have been trapped in the two aqueous fluid immiscible region. The western Luzon arc associated with porphyry Cu mineralization is characterized by oxidized hydrous magmatism and shallow emplacement, and by the source of sulfur enriched in ³⁴S.     

Deep Structures in China and Its Adjacent Areas: Plate Tectonics and Its Metallogenic Significance

This paper proposes a new tectonic pattern of the deep-seated structures in China and its adjacent areas (including the T - A - B system of the Ryukyu Islands). This is based on studies of the gravity field and gravity inversion coupled with the summation of the most recent achievements in geophysical studies. From a plate-tectonic point of view, the metallogenic characteristics and their indications at depth, as well as relevant geophysical-geological characteristics of four tectonic environments of the Chinese continent are analysed, and a classification of composite metallogenic provinces and belts and prediction of metallogenic prospects are made. The author extends the Kunlun-Qilian-Qinling tectonic belt to the T-A-B system of the Ryukyu Islands through the NW deep boundary of the Hangzhou Bay, and also proposes the following basic views' the migration and superposition of tectonic environments led to the formation of a composite metallogenic system; the change in the tectonic environment resulted     

江西金山金矿床及成因探讨

金山金矿床位于著名的赣东北有色金属和贵金属成矿带的中段，来格受北东向金山大型韧性剪切带和中元古界双桥山群浅变质岩系的控制。通过野外调查和室内稀土元素、铅同位素、氢氧同位素和流体包裹体成分等项目测试研究，证实金山矿床属雪峰－加里东期形成的变质热液矿床，而不是燕山期岩浆热液矿床。