Uranium Potential and Regional Metallogeny in China

This paper is briefly involved in distributions of China＇s uranium metallogenic types, provinces, regions and belts. Eight target regions have been pointed out to be worthy of prospecting for uranium resources. The regional uranium metallogeny is discussed and great uranium potential pointed out from many aspects. Generally speaking, there are favorable conditions for uranium mineralization and good perspective to explore for uranium resources.     

西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带商旭金矿成矿时代探讨及其地质意义

造山型金矿在世界范围内具有重要的经济价值和找矿潜力,也是西藏班公湖-怒江铜多金属资源基地的主攻矿床类型之一。班公湖-怒江成矿带是近十年来识别和建立的我国最重要的斑岩-浅成低温热液-矽卡岩型铜金成矿带。商旭金矿位于班公湖-怒江缝合带中段,是该成矿带上首例造山型金矿床。矿体产于中-下侏罗统木嘎岗日群沉积岩,由石英脉、碳酸盐+石英脉和蚀变岩构成,呈透镜状、块状、条带状、鞍状、浸染状、角砾状等产出,受北西西向的区域断裂构造控制。热液蚀变发育碳酸盐化、白云母化、绿泥石化和硫化物蚀变等。矿物学研究和含矿脉体特征表明,早期热液活动发育于挤压应力环境,后期挤压应力逐渐消失,对应了变形晚期的构造环境。含金石英流体包裹体的Rb-Sr同位素测试获取的等时线年龄为135.6±2.7Ma,⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr平均初始比值为0.713,预示成矿作用发生于早白垩世,成矿物质主要来自地壳。综合研究认为,商旭金矿形成于早白垩世初班公湖-怒江缝合带中段的闭合期,地块间挤压应力致使木嘎岗日群发生构造变形,在挤压变形晚期构造环境发生转换的过程,围岩中应力释放促成了区域的金矿化。对比研...     

甘肃阳山超大型热液金矿床的成矿特征

从阳山超大型金矿床的区域构造演化发展背景、成矿地质地球化学等特征进行的研究与分析表明,它是形成、产出在中新生代活化造山带、地壳高位浅成的中低温热液型超大型金矿床。从大地构造成矿学的研究途径,对其成矿流体与成矿物质的源区类型、形成与演化的构造环境、成矿作用的地质成因类型、成矿流体传输与聚集的构造系统等方面的初步研究表明成矿流体是变质与非变质的复杂混合体系,主要由基底、盖层中的构造热动力区域变质流体+重熔花岗岩浆热变质流体+岩浆热液等,组成多成因类型混合成矿流体,并受到同生水、大气降水的混染。因此,阳山金矿主要是由混合型变质成矿流体与岩浆热液成矿流体叠加形成,具有多因复成成矿特征的超大型中低温热液金矿床。     

Fluorite Deposits at Voznesenka in the Khanka Massif, Russia: Geology and Age of Mineralization

Abstract. A huge fluorite deposit at Voznesenka in the Khanka massif, Far East Russia is concluded to have formed at ca. 450 Ma in Late Ordovician time based on the K‐Ar ages for Li‐micas in the fluorite ore and greisenized leucogranite within the deposit. This conclusion is inconsistent with the current view of Devonian mineralization that stemmed from widely scattered whole‐rock Rb‐Sr isotope data for the heterogeneous leucogranite stocks influenced by strong alteration. The Voznesenka and neighboring fluorite deposits may have formed in Cambrian limestone in relation to the intrusion of the Li‐F‐rich felsic magma which has a similar chemistry to representative Li‐F‐rich felsic rocks including topaz granite and ongonite or topaz rhyolite; these rocks may be classified as a specific group of highly fractionated felsic magmas. Biotite granite plutons exposed in the Voznesenka district are divided in age into two groups based on the CHIME age data for zircon, monazite and xenotime: Ordovician and Permian. The Ordovician plutons seem to be coeval to the fluorite deposits and are characterized by F‐rich chemistry, reduced nature and association of tin mineralization with the deposition of fluorite and tourmaline. The biotite granite magmas of initially enhanced F contents could have been highly fractionated to form Li‐F‐rich leucogranite cupolas that provided fluorite deposits within the host limestone. Future prospecting for similar fluorite deposits is to be focused on areas of intersection between Ordovician Li‐F‐rich granite and Cambrian carbonate sequences. The Permian granite of southeastern margin of the Grodekovo batholith is characterized by lesser F content, oxidized nature and the lack of tin and fluorite mineralization in contrast to the Ordovician granite. The result of Permian age does not support the current view of Silurian age for the batholith and requires overall chronological reinvestigation in connection with the tectonic history of the Khanka massif because the Grodekovo is a representative of Paleozoic batholiths in Primorie.     

金山金矿床成矿时代及矿床成因

金山金矿床由含金糜棱岩及含金石英脉型矿石组成。矿石的石英流体包裹体Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时代年龄测定结果为４０６￣４０９Ｍａ,这两种类型矿石的年龄在测定误差范围内基本一致,属于加里东期成矿。稀土元素分布模式、Ｓ、Ｐｂ及区同位素特征,成矿流体成分资料都说明这两种类型矿石的成矿物质均来自地层,成矿流体属于地层中的建造水及大气降水,矿床应为产于加里东期脆韧剪切带中由改造作用形成的变质细碎屑岩型金矿床。     

A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Molybdenum Deposits in China

Molybdenum is one of the dominant minerals in China because of its rich reserves.In recent years,outstanding breakthroughs have been made in molybdenum prospecting in China,and the distribution of molybdenum deposits in China is found to have a "planar pattern".In general,the molybdenum deposits are concentrated in eastern China,including the largest molybdenum reserves of Henan Province.In terms of the scale of molybdenum deposits,the identified resources of the superlarge deposits are the most important,which account for about 53% of the whole country,and those of the large deposits account for about 30%,those of the medium-sized deposits account for about 14%,those of the small-sized deposits,mine spots and mineralization account for about 3%.The molybdenum deposits are mainly classified as porphyry type,skarn type,hydrothermal(vein) type and sedimentary(metamorphic) type in genesis,and the identified resources of these types account for 85.75%,8.83%,2.79%and 2.63% of the total resources respectively.Based on the statistics of precise chronology data of molybdenites Re-Os,Mo-mineralization can be divided into 6 periods in Chinese geological history,which are Precambrian(800 Ma),Cambrian-Silurian(540-415 Ma,Caledonian),Devonian-Permian(400-290 Ma,Hecynian),Triassic(260-200 Ma,Indosinian),Jurassic-Cretaceous(195-70 Ma,Yanshanian) and Paleogene-Neogene(65-10 Ma,Himalayan).Mo mineralization during the Yanshanian period is the strongest one,in which about 76.69% of the Chinese total identified resources was formed.The second is the Himalayan period.According to spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of molybdenum deposits,the metallogenic regularity of molybdenum deposits was preliminarily summarized,and 41 level-Ⅲ molybdenum-forming belts,13 level-Ⅱ molybdenum-forming provinces and 4 level-Ⅰ molybdenum-forming domains were ascertained in the mainland of China.There are 39 metallogenic series of and 60 sub-series of molybdenum deposits with molybdenum as the dominant metal and corresponding representative molybdenum deposits proposed.Metallogenic lineages of molybdenum deposits were also established.Spatial-temporal evolution of different types of molybdenum deposits,and the relationship between Mo-mineralization and tectonic evolution have been discussed in this paper.On this basis,the authors think that element Mo is an effective tracer for recording the crustal evolution history of China.At present,there are some problems in the exploration of Mo deposits in China,such as uneven exploration degrees in eastern and western China,shallow exploration depth,low and uneven grade,complex associated components,difficulty of mineral development and utilization,increasing costs of prospecting,and so on.According to successful experience of superficial and deep prospecting and considering also the discussion above,some suggestions are proposed for the prospecting of molybdenum deposits in the future.     

Geological-Geochemical Characteristics of Carlin-and Carlin-Like-Type Gold Deposits in south Qinling Mountains

In this paper an intergrated geological and geochemical comparison is made of Carlintype and Carlin-like-type gold depostis in the region of South Qinling with their associated hydrothermal sedimentary lead-zinc pdposits,the Carlin-type deposits in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi gold triangle,China,the Carlin gold deposits,Carlin,western United States,and the Muruntau-type gold deposits in Uzbekistan.The comparative study indicates that the formation of these deposits has an intimate coupling relation with the mechanism of the tectonic movement of modern plates.Therefore,these deposits belong to those that were formed in the orogenic stage. They have the following similar characteristics:they are all sediment-hosted.occur in a tectonic environment of extensional rifting nature and show the characteristics of syngenetically modified mineralization.On the other hand,they alsso have noticeable differences:they are different in respect to their tectonic settings.association and structure of orogenic belts and complexity and strength of the modified mineralization.The regional tectonic evolution and extensive mineralization in orogenic belts are different expressions of the same continental dynamic process.     

辽宁宽甸石柱子杂岩体地质特征与成矿

石柱子杂岩体分布在辽东宽甸地区东部,大地构造位于中朝准地台胶辽台拱与太子河凹陷接触带附近,锆石U-Pb法同位素年龄为129Ma,侵位时代为中生代早白垩世。按照侵入岩岩石单位的划分原则,由早期到晚期划分为大砬子沟石英闪长岩、振江花岗闪长岩、赤榆顶子二长花岗岩。成因类型为I型花岗岩类,为幔源岩浆成因的钙碱性岩石系列侵入岩,岩浆由中性向酸性演化,演化趋势明显,构成了完整的演化序列。成岩环境为大陆边缘活动带型钙碱性岩石系列侵入岩。石柱子杂岩体周围的金、铜、钼、铅、锌、铁矿床及矿(化)点的形成是由石柱子杂岩体提供矿质源及热源。     

成矿演化的几个构造问题

成矿演化可以分成５个时期（Ｍａ）：（１）小岩石圈板块，褶皱作用期并发育绿岩带（３８００～３０００）；（２）陆壳主块的形成（３０００～２７００）；（３）初始超大陆，开始板块构造作用的影响（２７００～１８００）；（４）原生陆壳的多重作用（１８００～６００）；（５）深部地幔分异，以构造岩浆分异作用为主（６００～０）。     

洋脊地质学与成矿学

洋脊分活动型和稳定型两种,柱状地质剖面由未固结沉积物和上、下洋壳三部分构成,横向断裂带发育。岩石蚀变、变质普遍,可与大陆拉斑玄武岩对比。洋脊正在进行两种成矿过程。近20年在洋脊发现的矿床(化)可分为11个类型,其中有的具有工业意义。洋脊研究的深入,将进一步揭示洋壳的奥秘,还将提高对陆壳以及整个地球历史演化进程中的沉积、岩浆、变质、成矿、成岩和构造等作用以及这些作用之间相互促进和制约关系的认识。