甘肃省花牛山地区成矿有利地质单元波谱特征及成矿分析

正花牛山地区位处于北山成矿带,处在甘肃省西北部,在该区及周边区域分布有较多的铁、铜、镍、锰、金、磷、钒、铀等矿床或矿点,成矿地质条件较为优越。在该地区开展成矿有利地质单元波谱测试和成矿关系分析研究,对该区基础资料完善和高光谱遥感找矿应用具有重要意义。1地质概况花牛山地区跨及花牛山早古生代陆缘裂谷带和磁海—红柳园—白山堂晚古生代陆内裂谷带。地层出露新元古界—下古生界浅海相沉积变质岩系,     

Types and genesis of manganese oxide ores in Guangxi, Southwest China

Systematic studies are diven to the genesis and spatial distribution of manganese oxide deposits in Guangxi,Southwest China.The deposits are classified as 3 types and 7 subtypes among which the karst depression type is regionally characteristic an of reat potential.A genetic model is presented for the mineralization on the basis of proto-rock,tectonic background,topographic features and climatic and hydrogeological conditions.     

The Lower Changjiang (Yangzi/Yangtze River) metallogenic belt, east central China: intrusion- and wall rock-hosted Cu–Fe–Au, Mo, Zn, Pb, Ag deposits

The lower valley of Changjiang, from Wuhan of the Hubei Province in the west to Zhenjiang of the Jiangsu Province in the east, contains more than 200 polymetallic (Cu–Fe–Au, Mo, Zn, Pb, Ag) deposits and is one of the most important metallogenic belts in China. This metallogenic belt, situated at the northern margin of the Yangzi craton and bordered by the Dabieshan ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt to the north, consists mainly of Cambrian–Triassic marine clastic sedimentary rocks and carbonate and evaporite rocks, which overlay a Precambrian basement and are intruded by Yanshanian (205 to 64 Ma) granitoid intrusions and subvolcanic complexes. Repeated tectonism from Late Proterozoic to Triassic resulted in extensively developed networks of faults and folds involving the Cambrian–Triassic sedimentary strata and the Precambrian basement. The Yanshanian granitoid intrusions and subvolcanic complexes in the Lower Changjiang metallogenic belt are characterized by whole-rock δ¹⁸O of +8‰ to +10‰, initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of 0.704 to 0.708, and εNd^t from −10 to −17 and have been interpreted to have originated from mixing between juvenile mantle and old crustal materials. Also, the Yanshanian granitoids exhibit eastward younging and increase in alkalinity (i.e., from older calc–alkaline in the west to younger subalkaline–alkaline in the east), which are related to oblique collision between the Yangzi and Sino-Korean cratons and tectonic evolution from early compressional to late extensional or rifting regimes. Most polymetallic deposits in the Lower Changjiang metallogenic belt are clustered in seven districts where the Yanshanian magmatism is particularly extensive: from west to east, Edong, Jiurui, Anqing–Guichi, Luzhong, Tongling, Ningwu and Ningzhen. Mineralization is characterized by the occurrence of three distinct types of orebodies in individual deposits: orebodies in Yanshanian granitoid intrusions, skarn orebodies at the contact zones between the Yanshanian intrusions and Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, and stratabound massive sulfide orebodies in the Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic sedimentary strata. The most important host sedimentary strata are the Middle Carboniferous Huanglong Formation, Lower Permian and Lower–Middle Triassic carbonate and evaporite rocks. The intrusion-hosted and skarn orebodies exhibit well-developed zonation in alteration assemblages, metal contents, and isotopic compositions within individual deposits, and apparently formed from hydrothermal activities related to the Yanshanian magmatism. The stratabound massive sulfide orebodies in the Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic sedimentary strata have long been suggested to have formed from sedimentary or volcano-sedimentary exhalative processes in shallow marine environments. However, extensive research over the last 40 years failed to produce unequivocal evidence for syngenetic mineralization. On the basis of geological relationships and isotope geochemical characteristics, we propose a carbonate-hosted replacement deposit model for the genesis of these stratabound massive sulfide orebodies and associated skarn orebodies. This model suggests that epigenetic mineralization resulted from interactions between magmatic fluids evolved from the Yanshanian intrusions with carbonate and evaporite wall rocks. Mineralization was an integral but distal part of the larger hydrothermal systems that formed the proximal skarn orebodies at the contact zones and the intrusion-hosted orebodies. The stratabound massive sulfide deposits of the Lower Changjiang metallogenic belt share many features with the well-studied, high-temperature, carbonate-hosted replacement deposits of northern Mexico and western United States, particularly with respect to association with small, shallow granitoid complexes, structural and stratigraphic controls on mineralization, alteration assemblages, geometry of orebodies, metal association, metal zonation and isotopic systematics.     

浅析吉林省大横路钴铜矿床成矿条件

吉林省大横路钴铜矿床赋存于辽吉旱元古宙裂谷中段,老岭背斜的南翼,具体层位为老岭群大栗子组的中部岩性段。属于一套浅变质岩系。该岩系由于受构造作用影响产生了明显的断裂和褶皱。特别是褶皱核部及转折端,是矿体聚集的重要空间,矿体形态产状与褶皱形态基本一致。     

Metallogenic and Metamorphic Age of the Hongtoushan Copper–Zinc Massive Sulfide Deposit,Liaoning Province,China

The Hongtoushan copper–zinc deposit is the only large Archean volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit in China. This paper presents new information on the timing of metallogenesis and metamorphism of the deposit, including new cathodoluminescence (CL) images, and Th U^?1 and LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating on zircons of the biotite–plagioclase gneiss and plagioclase–amphibole gneiss that host the deposit. The CL images and Th U^?1 ratios indicate that the zircons within the gneiss are of metamorphic origin. LA–ICP–MS dating of the plagioclase–amphibole gneiss yielded the upper intercept ages of 2549 Ma, and the biotite–plagioclase gneiss yielded the upper intercept ages of 2552 Ma and 2550 Ma correspondingly, indicating that the mineralization of the deposit occurred at around 2550 Ma. The rims of zircons within these host rocks yielded younger U–Pb ages at 2529, 2520 and 2515 Ma, identical to the age of felsic intrusive rocks in the study area. This suggests that the Hongtoushan VMS deposit underwent initial metamorphism and deformation at around 2520 Ma by the intrusion of granite magmas.     

新疆伊犁阿希—塔吾尔别克—阿庇因迪成矿区金-铅锌成矿系列和成矿模型研究

通过对新疆伊犁阿希—塔吾尔别克—阿庇因迪成矿区成矿地质背景和不同矿床类型地质特征的野外地质调查和研究,认为阿希—塔吾尔别克—阿庇因迪地区的火山活动存在早期中心式喷发和晚期裂隙式喷发两种形式,形成了一系列与火山期后热液有关的矿床类型.通过对不同矿床类型地质特征的总结,利用成矿系列的结构分析方法,初步阐述了成矿系列的物质结构和时空结构特征,并建立了与火山岩系有关的金-铅锌热液矿床成矿系列和成矿模型.     

内蒙古阿拉善左旗查汗木胡鲁晶质石墨矿地质特征及找矿标志

查汗木胡鲁晶质石墨矿为赋存于中太古代乌拉山岩群片麻岩段含石墨变质岩系中的区域变质型矿床,严格受矿体分布层位控制,含矿岩性为含石墨黑云斜长片麻岩、石墨透辉斜长片麻岩、石墨辉石斜长片麻岩、含石墨黑云二长片麻岩、石墨石榴斜长片麻岩、含石榴石墨黑云斜长片麻岩。经历多期次区域变质作用形成。采用新的成矿理论,对典型矿床的地质特征、构造背景、炭质来源进行研究,确定了查汗木胡鲁晶质石墨矿床的成矿模式,对利用该模式寻找相似成因矿床具有一定的指导意义。     

干旱半干旱高寒山区蚀变矿物遥感信息提取效果与找矿预测

新疆阿尔金地区位于阿尔金成矿带,属于干旱半干旱高寒山区景观区,该区成矿条件优越,但自然地理条件较差,基岩裸露利于蚀变矿物准确提取,采用CASI/SASI航空高光谱遥感进行蚀变矿物遥感信息提取及找矿预测,可以克服自然条件影响,降低成本。本文以CASI/SASI航空高光谱遥感数据为数据源,以干旱半干旱高寒山区景观区为研究背景,评价研究该区CASI/SASI航空高光谱蚀变矿物遥感信息提取效果,通过野外地质调查,发现了镍、铁、钴、钒、钛、铜等元素多金属矿化线索,并最终圈定了YC01和YC02等两处找矿预测区。说明CASI/SASI航空高光谱遥感在干旱半干旱高寒山区蚀变矿物遥感信息提取效果显著。     

老挝班康姆铜金矿床成矿条件及成矿机理研究

班康姆铜金矿床是近年来发现的大型铜金矿床,矿体主要赋存于中基性火山岩之中,其微量元素特征、玄武岩类的Ti-Zr-Y、Ti-Zr判别图、花岗岩类在Nb-Y(A)、Rb-(Y+Ta)判别图均表明成矿构造环境为岛弧环境,火山岩属于中钾钙碱性系列.岩浆岩稀土总量较低,标准化模式曲线均为略富集轻稀土的平坦型,Eu几乎不存在异常,说明火山岩、侵入岩为同源不同期的产物,岩浆热液来源于地幔或下地壳,热液活动划分为火山喷发期、热液叠加期,其成矿物质来源于安山岩,矿(化)体受NNE断裂构造、岩浆岩控制,矿床类型为与岩浆岩密切相关的复合型热液矿床.     

华南叠加-重熔型花岗岩的成生机制

南岭成矿带是太平洋及印度洋板块对中国大陆板块联合作用的结果。囊括大量稀有-有色金属矿床的中心弧形构造-岩浆岩系正是这个“钳式”应力场作用的集中体现,“深部叠加-重熔”——以板块持续运动和相对高速率运动产生并贮集能量为前提,以俯冲板块不断带入新的挥发物质为条件,随着动力热和挥发组分的不断回流—汇集—贮集而使仰冲板块深部预热的原地或途中固化-半固化的先期熔融的岩浆岩发生了二次甚至多次的熔融作用。