构造-流体耦合关系对水上亚系统金矿成矿环境的影响

流体温度-密度-盐度关系化学模式显示,水下亚系统是一种火山作用形成的富含NaCI向海底释放的流体系统,该系统形成块状硫化物矿床;水上亚系统是陆相火山岩地区的地下低盐度低温流体系统,形成了浅层低温热液型和热泉型矿床.由流体的质量方程、能量方程和运动方程的特点可以看出,在成矿作用过程中的流体运动,受到构造-流体-成矿系统的关系中多种因素的影响,如介质的孔隙度、流体密度、渗透率、流体的黏度和流体内压力等.以世界一些陆相火山地区的金矿为例进行讨论,充分证明了陆相火山地区的金矿流体的运动方式具有两种类型:一类是成矿流体沿岩石的孔隙流动,如伊尔曼得金矿等;另一类是成矿流体沿裂隙流动,如阿希金矿等.虽然这些金矿形成于同一火山岩地区,但是,流体在围岩的孔隙和断裂中以不同的方式运动,流体的内压力、流体的密度将发生不同的变化,同时引起流体的氧逸度、pH值、盐度产生不同的改变.由此表明流体运动的方式和扩散影响了成矿环境.     

全国碳硅泥岩型铀矿资源潜力评价

基于对海相碳硅泥岩含铀建造形成构造环境、成矿规律的系统研究,笔者提出中国碳硅泥岩型铀矿床形成的4种成矿体系类型：陆缘裂谷成矿体系、陆缘裂陷深断裂带成矿体系、陆块边缘陆缘盆地体系及陆缘活动带断陷台沟成矿体系;指出中国碳硅泥岩型铀矿的大规模成矿作用受控于陆缘裂谷和陆缘裂陷成矿环境下形成、伴随海底喷流作用和海底火山喷发而沉积的海相碳硅泥岩富铀建造。依据大型矿集区铀资源评价预测特征参数群,文章通过建立重点矿集区碳硅泥岩型铀矿资源矿集带预测评价判据和成矿预测体系,对中国碳硅泥岩型铀矿资源潜力进行总体评价。     

The Lower Changjiang (Yangzi/Yangtze River) metallogenic belt, east central China: intrusion- and wall rock-hosted Cu–Fe–Au, Mo, Zn, Pb, Ag deposits

The lower valley of Changjiang, from Wuhan of the Hubei Province in the west to Zhenjiang of the Jiangsu Province in the east, contains more than 200 polymetallic (Cu–Fe–Au, Mo, Zn, Pb, Ag) deposits and is one of the most important metallogenic belts in China. This metallogenic belt, situated at the northern margin of the Yangzi craton and bordered by the Dabieshan ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt to the north, consists mainly of Cambrian–Triassic marine clastic sedimentary rocks and carbonate and evaporite rocks, which overlay a Precambrian basement and are intruded by Yanshanian (205 to 64 Ma) granitoid intrusions and subvolcanic complexes. Repeated tectonism from Late Proterozoic to Triassic resulted in extensively developed networks of faults and folds involving the Cambrian–Triassic sedimentary strata and the Precambrian basement. The Yanshanian granitoid intrusions and subvolcanic complexes in the Lower Changjiang metallogenic belt are characterized by whole-rock δ¹⁸O of +8‰ to +10‰, initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of 0.704 to 0.708, and εNd^t from −10 to −17 and have been interpreted to have originated from mixing between juvenile mantle and old crustal materials. Also, the Yanshanian granitoids exhibit eastward younging and increase in alkalinity (i.e., from older calc–alkaline in the west to younger subalkaline–alkaline in the east), which are related to oblique collision between the Yangzi and Sino-Korean cratons and tectonic evolution from early compressional to late extensional or rifting regimes. Most polymetallic deposits in the Lower Changjiang metallogenic belt are clustered in seven districts where the Yanshanian magmatism is particularly extensive: from west to east, Edong, Jiurui, Anqing–Guichi, Luzhong, Tongling, Ningwu and Ningzhen. Mineralization is characterized by the occurrence of three distinct types of orebodies in individual deposits: orebodies in Yanshanian granitoid intrusions, skarn orebodies at the contact zones between the Yanshanian intrusions and Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, and stratabound massive sulfide orebodies in the Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic sedimentary strata. The most important host sedimentary strata are the Middle Carboniferous Huanglong Formation, Lower Permian and Lower–Middle Triassic carbonate and evaporite rocks. The intrusion-hosted and skarn orebodies exhibit well-developed zonation in alteration assemblages, metal contents, and isotopic compositions within individual deposits, and apparently formed from hydrothermal activities related to the Yanshanian magmatism. The stratabound massive sulfide orebodies in the Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic sedimentary strata have long been suggested to have formed from sedimentary or volcano-sedimentary exhalative processes in shallow marine environments. However, extensive research over the last 40 years failed to produce unequivocal evidence for syngenetic mineralization. On the basis of geological relationships and isotope geochemical characteristics, we propose a carbonate-hosted replacement deposit model for the genesis of these stratabound massive sulfide orebodies and associated skarn orebodies. This model suggests that epigenetic mineralization resulted from interactions between magmatic fluids evolved from the Yanshanian intrusions with carbonate and evaporite wall rocks. Mineralization was an integral but distal part of the larger hydrothermal systems that formed the proximal skarn orebodies at the contact zones and the intrusion-hosted orebodies. The stratabound massive sulfide deposits of the Lower Changjiang metallogenic belt share many features with the well-studied, high-temperature, carbonate-hosted replacement deposits of northern Mexico and western United States, particularly with respect to association with small, shallow granitoid complexes, structural and stratigraphic controls on mineralization, alteration assemblages, geometry of orebodies, metal association, metal zonation and isotopic systematics.     

哈萨克斯坦楚—萨雷苏盆地砂岩型铀矿床地质—伊犁盆地蒙其古尔铀矿床含矿砂岩成岩蚀变特征及其有机-无机流体成岩成矿效应

伊犁盆地蒙其古尔铀矿床为典型的层间氧化带型铀矿床,虽然前人对该区铀矿的成矿流体进行了较为系统的研究,但对其成矿流体来源依然存在较大的分歧,尤其对该区成矿流体与蚀变特征、铀成矿的内在联系研究较少。本文为了研究蒙其古尔铀矿床成矿流体来源及其与成岩蚀变、铀成矿的内在联系,综合地应用了偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针等手段,对其含矿目的层砂岩成岩蚀变进行系统的分析,并对蚀变矿物高岭石H—O同位素、碳酸盐胶结物C—O同位素及黄铁矿S同位素进行了研究。研究表明：与砂岩型铀矿有关的成岩蚀变类型主要有黏土化、碳酸盐化、硅化及金属矿化;成矿流体中水δDH2O,V SMOW为-48.3‰～-93‰, δ18OH2O,V SMOW为-10.3‰～-5.1‰,碳酸盐胶结物δ13CV PDB为-10.9‰～-7.2‰,δ18OV SMOW为176‰～249‰,黄铁矿δ34SV CDT为-17.3‰～12‰,上述特征揭示蒙其古尔铀矿床成矿流体是由大气降水性质的地表水（无机）和煤系地层有机质脱羟基及热降解作用产生的有机酸及CH4等还原性气体（煤层气）（有机）两部分组成;成岩蚀变和铀成矿效应皆是有机—无机流体及流体与周围砂岩相互作用的结果。     

新疆东天山地区白山钼矿床的成因分析

白山钼矿床位于东天山觉罗塔格构造带的东部,赋矿围岩为下石炭统干墩组的黑云母长英质角岩,矿化石英网脉发育.文章测得含矿石英脉中的石英流体包裹体δ18OSMOW值为9.1%O～10.0‰,平均9.425‰,与石英相平衡的水δ18OH2O值为3.357‰～4.257‰,平均为3.682‰;δDSMOW值为-105‰～- 69%,平均-89.25‰.氢氧同位素组成显示白山钼矿床的成矿流体是岩浆水与发生了水-岩作用的大气降水的混合热液,含矿流体以岩浆水为主,演化大气降水的加入是成矿物质沉淀的重要因素.测得辉钼矿的Re-Os等时线年龄为(227.7±4.3)Ma(MSWD=0.32),指示白山钼矿床形成于中三叠世.矿床地质特征和地球化学特征指示白山钼矿床是斑岩型矿床,推测成矿物质主要来自于矿体下部的矿化花岗(斑)岩体.此外,作者还探讨了白山钼矿床的成矿背景,认为矿床形成于挤压的构造环境,是受到同时代古特提斯洋闭合的陆内远程效应影响而产生的成岩成矿作用.     

对于点苍山-石鼓变质带区域划分的意见

在以往的研究中,点苍山和哀牢山被认为是同一个变质带。对石鼓带的划分也有很大争议。本文通过岩石学和同位素年代学的研究,认为点苍山和石鼓变质带同为扬子基底的一部分,应属于滇东变质区。它们是在元谋-大红山群之上发育的一套中晚元古变质岩带,具陆内地台型火山-沉积的特点。     

桂西北丹池成矿带主要金属矿床成矿特征及成矿规律

桂西北丹池成矿带是中国重要的有色金属成矿带之一,主要由芒场、大厂、五圩3个矿田组成。文章通过系统的地质调查和综合研究,总结了丹池成矿带主要金属矿床的成矿地质特征,以及矿床的成矿条件和成矿规律研究的新进展;论证了带内重要的多金属矿床为岩浆热液成因。带内燕山晚期花岗岩为高钾钙碱性、过铝质系列的含锡花岗岩,它具有高硅、高碱、贫钙、贫镁的特征;其在成因上为大陆地壳重熔的"S"型,可能源于桂北元古界四堡群或更老构造层的重熔,但也有幔源物质的混入。3个矿田中矿化的分带性明显,以花岗岩隆起为中心向外,矿化组合表现为高温W_Mo矿化、Zn_Cu_Sn矿化→高中温Sn多金属矿化→中低温Pb_Zn矿化→低温Sb_Hg_As矿化。成矿与成岩同期,成矿物质主要来自岩浆,部分来自赋矿的泥盆系;成矿流体早期以岩浆水为主,晚期有较多的大气降水的加入。同时,利用"缺位找矿"的思路,预示在研究程度相对较低的五圩矿田深部有较大的找矿潜力。     

长江流域矿产资源特征及成矿规律

长江流域分布着我国很多重要的矿产资源基地。在长江流域不搞大开发的前提下，如何合理地开发利用矿产资源以保障国家的能源资源安全，同时又要保护生态环境，达到人类与环境和谐共赢的目的，是当前迫切需要研究的新课题。本文系统梳理了长江流域已发现的128种矿产、14683处矿产地信息，总结了长江流域矿产资源分布特征，系统分析了长江领域矿产资源的时空演化规律。长江流域矿产种类较齐全，能源矿产总体不发育但页岩气有潜力，金属矿产以铁、有色金属为主，矿物类和岩石类非金属矿产都比较发育，水气矿产潜力很大。时间上，成矿历史悠久，按构造演化时段，可分为太古宙、元古宙、晚古生代、早古生代、中生代、新生代6个时段，以中生代和晚古生代为主要成矿期；空间上，可划分八大资源集中区，上游矿产地数量较多，但下游成矿密度更大。只要合理布局，科学谋划，加强法制，严格管控，通过矿产资源的高端开发利用，不但可以为社会经济的高质量发展提供资源保障，也可以为环境保护作出新的贡献。     

湘西北烂泥田锰矿区地质特征与成矿地质条件及成因

湘西北锰矿资源丰富,主要为赋存于南华系大唐坡组下段黑色页岩中。通过对烂泥田锰矿床研究表明,成矿物质来源为深源富锰热液及古陆等多种来源,锰以氧化物或氢氧化物的形式沉淀,菱锰矿的生成与藻类活动密切相关,属于化学-生物化学沉积成因矿床。湘西北地区南华系内自下而上构成钼钒矿→磷矿→锰矿→铅锌矿组成的矿床组合成矿系列,可进行综合找矿、综合评价、扩大矿床经济效益。     

新疆西昆仑地区大型铜矿成矿条件分析

新疆西昆仑地区地质与矿业开发的地理条件较差,地质工作程度较低。目前发现的铜矿（化）主要分布于布伦口及外围地区、昆盖山地区。前铜矿（化）赋存于前寒武纪变质岩中,是产于菱铁矿层或铁白云岩中的层状铜矿床,属Ｓｅｄｅｘ型;后受控于石炭纪双峰式火山岩系,铜矿分布有“二位一体”的特点,较有意义的铜矿（化）是产于下石炭统中枕状玄武岩中的ＶＨＭＳ型即塞浦露斯型铜矿。通过对上述两地铜矿成矿地质特点的分析以及控矿