An Early-Cambrian UPb apatite cooling age for the high-temperature regional metamorphism in the Piancó area,Borborema Province (NE Brazil): initial conclusions

The Borborema Province (BP) of northeastern Brazil is a complex crustal assemblage, which has undergone a polycyclic evolution during the Proterozoic. In the Piancó-Alto Br??gida belt, a metamorphosed leucosome vein inserted in amphibolites has a trace element pattern suggesting a T-MORB protolith. Apatites yield a REE pattern indicating growth in equilibrium with garnet, thus pointing to its metamorphic origin. UPb analyses yield an age of 540±5 Ma interpreted as a cooling age following amphibolite facies regional metamorphism associated with granitic emplacement at ca. 580 Ma. The resulting slow cooling rates (ranging from ca. 2.5 to 5 °C Ma^?1) are consistent with underplating of mafic magmas, or crustal thickening caused by nappe stacking, as possible processes governing the metamorphic evolution of the BP. To cite this article: B. Dhuime et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

Caledonian Low-Temperature Granulite-Facies Metamorphism in the West Kunlun Orogenic Belt—SHRIMP Chronological Evidence from Zircon

The West Kunlun orogenic belt is located at the conjunction of the paleo-Asian tectonic system and the Tethys tectonic system. Petrological and mineralogical studies of the Early Cambrian metamorphic surface crust in this region have shown that in case the metamorphism reached low-temperature granulate facies, the typical mineral assemblage is biotite-garnet-silimanite-K feldspar-plagioclase-quartz. The peak metamorphic temperatures are within the range of 720–740°C and the pressure is 0.6 GPa ±. Three types of metamorphic zircon have been detected in the metamorphic rocks: the complex inclusion-bearing type ; the early relic zircon inclusion-bearing type; and the inclusion-free type. SHRIMP age determination of these three types of metamorphic zircon have revealed that these zircons were formed principally during 400–460 Ma, indicating that pre-Cambrian metamorphic surface crust rocks underwent low-temperature granulite facies metamorphism during the Caledonian. In combination with the geological characteristics of this region, it is considered that when the oceanic basin was closed, there occurred intense intracontinental subduction (type A), bringing part of the Early Cambrian metamorphic basement in this region downwards to the lower crust. Meanwhile, there were accompanied with tectonic deformation at deep levels and medium- to high-grade metamorphism. This study provided important chronological and mineralogical evidence for the exploration of the evolutionary mechanism and process of the West Kunlun Early Paleozoic. Part of the results from the research project “ Research on the West Kunlun pre-Cambrian tectonic events” under the program “ Research on the important geological problems of China’ s pre-Cambrian” (No. 200113900070) sponsored by the China National Geological Surveying Bureau.     

Chemical, Isotopic, and Fluid Inclusion Evidence for the Hydrothermal Alteration of the Footwall Rocks of the BIF-Hosted Iron Ore Deposits in the Hamersley District, Western Australia

Abstract. The petrography, chemical, fluid inclusion and isotope analyses (O, Rb-Sr) were conducted for the shale samples of the Mount McRae Shale collected from the Tom Price, Newman, and Paraburdoo mines in the Hamersley Basin, Western Australia. The Mount McRae Shale at these mines occurs as a footwall unit of the secondary, hematite-rich iron ores derived from the Brockman Iron Formation, one of the largest banded iron formations (BIFs) in the world. Unusually low contents of Na, Ca, and Sr in the shales suggest that these elements were leached away from the shale after deposition. The δ¹⁸O (SMOW) values fall in the range of + 15.0 to +17.9 per mil and show the positive correlation with calculated quartz/sericite ratios of the shale samples. This suggests that the oxygen isotopic compositions of shale samples were homogenized and equilibrated by postdepositional event. The pyrite nodules hosted by shales are often rimmed by thin layers of silica of varying crystallinity. Fluid inclusions in quartz crystals rimming a pyrite nodule show homogenization temperatures ranging from 100 to 240C for 47 inclusions and salinities ranging from 0.4 to 12.3 wt% NaCl equivalent for 18 inclusions. These fluid inclusion data give direct evidence for the hydrothermal activity and are comparable to those of the vein quartz collected from the BIF-derived secondary iron ores (Taylor et al, 2001). The Rb-Sr age for the Mount McRae Shale is 1,952 ± 289 Ma and at least 200 million years younger than the depositional age of the Brockman Iron Formation of ∼ 2.5 Ga in age. All the data obtained in this study are consistent with the suggestion that high temperature hydrothermal fluids were responsible for both the secondary iron ore formation and the alteration of the Mount McRae Shale.     

激光探针质谱及单颗粒矿物^40Ar／^39Ar法年龄的测定

将掺钕的钇铝榴石（Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ）激光器与高精密ＭＭ１２００质谱计、电子倍增器联网，应用连续激光质谱对单颗粒矿物、光片样品进行微区４０Ａｒ／３９Ａｒ测年、坪年龄和等时线年龄研究。在光片上测定南极乔治王岛北海岸玄武岩等时线年龄（５２．３８±１．０５）Ｍａ和贵州绿豆岩年龄（２３９．１６±１４．１３）Ｍａ，两者与实际地质背景吻合。对两个中生代和太古代单颗粒黑云母进行连续激光质谱阶段升温４０Ａｒ／３９Ａｒ坪年龄谱测定，获得与常规法相一致的坪年龄谱     

二道沟矿床绢云母的^39Ar／^40Ar年龄及其地质意义

本文通过对绢云母39Ar－40Ar坪年龄的研究，得到二道沟金矿床的成矿年龄为140±2．8Ma；从年代学方面证实了金矿化与对面沟花岗闪长岩无直接关系，而与火山岩和次火山岩有密切的关系；该矿床是－岩浆热液为主要来源而混入有一部分大气降水的浅成低温热液型金矿床。     

金属成矿学研究的若干进展

主要讨论近１０年来国内外在金属矿床地质研究中的若干进展，内容包括：成矿地质环境和深部背景；矿床、成矿带和全球的成矿作用演化；成矿系统和成矿动力学；地质流体与成矿作用以及超大型矿床的形成条件等。在这５个重点研究领域中，分别介绍了对它们的研究和已取得的一些进展，又展望了其在今后的研究前景。认为上述５个方面的系统深入研究，将构成２１世纪上半世纪新的成矿理论基础，并将对金属矿产勘查工作有重大影响。     

辽宁水泉金矿综合信息找矿模型及预测

通过对辽宁水泉金矿的基础地质研究和综合找矿信息分析，并根据该矿区资源危机，缺乏后备金矿储备的实际情况建立了水泉金矿综合信息找矿模型。对远景成矿靶区进行了初步圈定，为详细地质勘查、扩大金矿资源提供了依据。     

试论会东大银厂铅锌矿找矿模式

对大银厂铅锌矿点分布区的地层、构造和成矿地质背景进行了论述，并与大梁子铅锌矿床作了对比，提出了寻找该类矿床的模式及找寻工业矿体最有希望的地段。找矿方法宜先化探后钻探。     

燕辽地区火山热液型铀－金－多金属矿床成矿特征

燕辽地区位于华北地台北缘东段，是我国著名的中生代火山热液型铀、金、多金属矿床成矿区。研究结果表明，其成矿作用受统一的晚中生代大陆裂陷火山岩浆活动控制；成矿时代集中在晚侏罗世及早白垩世；成矿介质为火山岩浆水、变质水和大气水混合的中温、中低温火山热液；成矿物质主要来自富集型的上地幔及下地壳。     

康滇地轴中南段铀成矿条件及远景分析

本文对康滇地轴中南段铀矿化划分出３种类型（砂岩型、钠交代岩型和元古代浅变质岩型），并阐明其主要特征。提出了元古代地壳演化曾经历了原始古陆形成阶段、沉降活动阶段和基底再团结阶段，认为中元古界昆阳群是有别于典型的含铀碳硅泥岩沉积建造。通过对该区部分岩石原始铀含量进行研究，提出了有关岩石可作为该区铀源岩的新认识；划分出碱性和酸性两大类型的热液蚀变，指出本区以发育碱性蚀变地段的成矿前景较好。指出该区铀成矿前景：（１）该区不具备形成澳加式元古代不整合面型铀矿床的地质条件；（２）非澳加式元古代不整合面型的铀成矿前景较差；（３）本区碱（钠）交代岩型铀矿化具有一定的找矿前景。