柱撑蛭石吸附去除废水中重金属离子的实验研究

分别利用有机柱化剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)和无机柱化剂聚羟基铝(HA)对蛭石进行柱撑制得十二烷基磺酸钠柱撑蛭石(SDS-V erm icu lite)和聚羟基铝柱撑蛭石(HA-V erm icu lite),并通过XRD、红外光谱、ZETA电位等表征手段对柱撑蛭石进行表征,同时针对柱撑蛭石对Cu2 ,Cd2 ,C r3 3种重金属离子的吸附进行研究,结果表明:吸附去除率受反应时间、重金属离子的初始浓度、pH值等因素的影响,经柱撑后的蛭石对重金属离子吸附的吸附性能比蛭石原矿要强。柱撑蛭石吸附3种重金属离子的动力学吸附过程可用E lov icb方程和双常数方程进行较好的拟合。     

福建省兴化湾有毒重金属的输入输出

基于对兴化湾大气干、湿沉降,沉积物及河(海)水的取样分析数据,主要考虑河流输入及与外海的物质交换,大气干、湿沉降和沉积作用过程重金属物质的迁移量,估算了兴化湾重金属的输入输出量.结果表明,As、Cr、Pb主要来自于河流输入,其河流输入量分别占总输入量的76.4%,78.2%和68.9%,Hg主要来自于河流输入和与外海的物质交换,Cd主要以大气干、湿沉降为输入方式,该方式的输入量占输入总量的78.8%.沉积作用是5种有毒重金属的主要输出方式,占输出总量的88.2%～100%,潮汐作用可将部分As、Cr、Pb输向外海,但也可能将Hg带入兴化湾,兴化湾Cd污染有加剧的趋势.     

三江南段有色金属和贵金属矿床成矿多样性

成矿多样性是成矿事件的根本表现,反映在不同尺度水平和不同成矿属性特征上.文章分析了三江南段有色及贵金属矿床成矿多样性,揭示三江南段有色及贵金属矿产类型多、分布广,可划分为4个成矿区;成矿时代从新元古代到第四纪均有发生,并有由老而新不断增强的趋势,成矿作用高峰有两期:海西期和喜马拉雅期,其中最重要的成矿期是喜马拉雅期;矿床成因类型多样,不同成因类型矿产在不同的地质演化阶段规模不同.研究结果对指导三江南段找矿具有十分重要的意义.     

矿山人均保有储量:我国金属矿山合理经济开发的一个标量

文章分析对比了我国国有及非国有规模以上矿山企业的主要经济指标,认为矿业开发要走可持续发展的途径,促进矿产资源的充分、合理、有效开发,实现满足市场需求、兼顾环境保护和社会稳定的目标,就必须积极探索和慎重考虑矿山企业从业人数的合理控制问题;依据胶东大型金矿山实际资料的初步分析,明确提出"矿山人均保有储量"是制约矿山合理开发和矿业可持续发展的重要指标;矿山人均储量的合理配置和适度调控问题不仅值得进一步研究,而且应该引起有关部门的广泛注意和高度重视.     

五酸溶样-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中的稀土等28种金属元素

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定大批量地质样品中的稀土和钴铪铟锰铌钽铊铬镉镓锗钒锡等金属元素,主要采用三酸或四酸溶解样品.由于地质样品组分复杂,稀土等金属元素含量低,各元素性质差异大,三酸或四酸溶样经常出现易挥发元素如钒铬镉镓锡的测定结果不稳定、镧铈镨钕等稀土元素溶解不完全的问题.本文在盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高...     

Interaction of glucose and cellulose with hydrogen sulphide and polysulphides

This paper describes simulation experiments in which glucose and cellulose were reacted with polysulphide and hydrogen sulphide at ambient temperatures in an aqueous environment. Organic sulphur containing compounds were formed that yield several thiophenes upon pyrolysis/evaporation. The experiments show that interaction of carbohydrates with hydrogen sulphide or polysulphides is a possible way for carbohydrates to react in very recent sediments. From the results of this study it can be concluded that carbohydrate carbon can be preserved in sediments in a form that is resistant to microbial attack and that will have a greater potential for survival during diagenesis than the carbohydrate precursor.     

Correlation between geochemical environments and controlling factors in the metallation of porphyrins

Experimental study on metallation of tetrapyrroles in biphasic systems showed that complexation with metal cations of the first transition series is a feasible under chemical environments similar to the naturally occurring ones. The metal transport from the aqueous media to the organic, which is a novel approach using naturally occurring fatty acids hydroxy aromatic compounds and thiols, is demonstrated. Selectivity between Ni²⁺ and VO²⁺ complexation is achieved under sulfurous rich conditions. The kinetic implications are discussed in view of their geoenvironmental applicability.     

H~+对Cu~(2+)—Me~(2+)二元体系吸附的影响规律研究

土壤对重金属离子的吸附容量严格受H~+浓度的控制。本文通过试验探讨了H~+ 对Cu~(2+)——Pb~(2+),Cn~(2+)——Zu~(2+),Cu~(2+)——Hg~(2+)系统中Cu~(2+)吸附量的影响规律。当pHpH时,Cu~(2+)吸附量随pH值增大而减小。对于酸性土,pH=6.5(初始值)或7.0(平衡值),对碱性土,pH=5.5(初始值)或7.8(平衡值)。在pHpH_(ZPC)时,吸附模式具有完全不同的形式。     

Computational methods for fitting statistical distribution models of multi-site binding equilibria

Statistical distribution models of multi-site binding equilibria have potential applicability in the study of acid-base and metal complexation chemistry of humic substances in soils, sediments, and natural waters. A mathematical derivation is presented for the general continuous model for the case of proton binding; computational methods are described for fitting numerically the parameters in such models. Among models considered are those based on nontruncated, truncated, and bimodal (mixed) distributions. Specific emphasis is placed on Gaussian distribution models.     

硫化氢临震突跳异常

分析研究十四年来距乌鲁木齐350km范围内发生的Ms≥4.0级地震资料,总结硫化氢临震突跳异常特征及异常型态类型,确定硫化氢临震突跳与地震的内在联系。认为硫化氢突跳性前兆是中强地震短临预报标志之一,它与地震三要素的对应关系,可作为发震时间的定性判据,根据映震效果推断硫化氢是地震前兆灵敏组份之一。本文试图从硫化氢水地球化学环境、氧化还原反应及微生物影响等方面对硫化氢临震突跳异常作粗浅解释。