吉林平岗-渭津中性-中基性火山岩特征及成因

平岗-渭津中性-中基性火山岩的岩石化学特征显示:岩石类型主要有钾玄岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩、歪长粗面岩,岩浆系列以高K钙碱性系列为主,伴有钾玄岩系列和拉斑玄武岩系列;轻稀土富集,Eu异常不明显;Sr、K、Rb、Ba、Th等强不相容元素富集、高场强元素Nb相对亏损,反映出火山岩具火山弧与板内玄武岩构造背景的双重性.钾玄岩的Mg值及Ni含量表明钾玄岩属进化了的基性岩浆.根据Nd、Sr同位素比值及英安岩中辉石巨晶的结晶深度、松辽盆地东侧的地壳厚度等资料,认为钾玄岩浆来源于幔源基性岩浆.通过对岩浆密度及结晶压力、温度的估算认为多斑钾玄岩的形成与岩浆密度、斜长石密度及斜长石的结晶压力有关.     

华北板块南缘熊耳群火山岩岩石类型及火山岩系列

基于大量的岩相学和岩石化学资料，作者认为，熊耳群火山岩的岩石类型主要为橄榄玄粗岩，安粗岩，粗面英安岩和流纹岩，其次为高钾玄武安山岩、橄榄粗安岩，高钾安山和高钾英安岩；火山岩系列主要为橄榄玄粗岩系，其次为高钾钙碱性岩系；熊耳群火山岩可能是大陆边缘弧弧后火山岩或碰撞后弧火山岩。同时，作者在文中列出了４４个代表性火山岩样品的岩石化学资料和９１３个火山岩，次火山－侵入岩样品的平均化学成分资料。     

早侏罗世叶巴组与桑日群火山岩:特提斯洋俯冲过程中的陆缘弧与洋内弧?

雅鲁藏布特提斯洋的演化对研究青藏高原的形成具有重要的意义,一般认为广泛分布于拉萨地块南部叶巴组和桑日群火山-沉积岩系是该特提斯洋早期的俯冲岩浆产物。本研究选取了拉萨附近达孜地区叶巴组中的2个中基性火成岩样品进行了锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb分析,结果显示其年龄分别为188±2Ma和175±2Ma,与已发表的叶巴组中酸性火成岩的形成时代(174~193Ma)一致,已发表的桑日群火山岩的年龄也在相同范围内,因此叶巴组和桑日群火山岩喷发时间主要为早侏罗世。叶巴组和桑日群基性及中酸性岩浆均类似岛弧型火山岩,但前者具有相对高的Nb、Zr含量,Th/Y比值及相对较低的La/Nb比值,呈现出大陆地壳组分增加的趋势,叶巴组火山岩表现为典型的大陆边缘弧特征而桑日群类似于洋内弧火山岩,桑日群火山岩分布于叶巴组南侧,并呈碎片似展布于拉萨地块南部,同时显示了与叶巴组不同的岩性组合,暗示同时代的叶巴组和桑日群火山-沉积岩可能分别代表特提斯洋俯冲过程中的形成的陆缘弧和洋内弧。     

Using Portable Gamma-Ray Spectrometry for Testing Uranium Migration: A Case Study from the Wadi El Kareim Alkaline Volcanics, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt

The 300±20 Ma anomalously radioactive trachytes of Wadi El Kareim, central Eastern Desert, are a significant example of U-mineralization related to the alkaline volcanics in Egypt. Extensive portable gamma-ray spectrometric data has been utilized to identify geological factors controlling uranium mobility in the geological units along the three detailed study locations of Kab Al-Abyad, South Wadi (W) Al-Tarafawy and W. Al-Farkhah; their eTh/eU ratios averaging around 4.1, 3.7 and 5.6 respectively. Quantitative analysis with the integration of mobility maps and geological studies suggest two systems controlling U-migration within the geological units (confined system and unconfined system). In the confined system, the syngenetically formed U have experienced mobility after leaching and are redistributed in the presence of an incorporation carrier during transportation (probably as carbonate complexes). Then the retardant for uranium is achieved by sorption or by coprecipitation with the aid of Fe oxy-hydroxide, and finally the formation of immobile secondary U-bearing minerals takes place along a lithogeochemical trap. In contrast to the confined system, the unconfined one is basically lacking the lithogeochemical trap which in?uences the final accumulation of U-bearing minerals. The radioactivity of the trachyte rocks arises from the radioactive minerals uranophane and beta-uranophane with U- and/or Th-bearing minerals samarskite, Th-rich REE silicates, monazite and allanite.     

北京西山大灰厂东狼沟组钾质火山岩形成的构造背景探讨

北京西山大灰厂早白垩世东狼沟组火山岩为钾质粗面玄武岩、钾玄岩和安粗岩，总体属于严格意义的钾玄岩系列（橄榄安粗岩系列）。该套火山岩富集钾等大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素（LREE），是由于底侵幔源母岩浆在高压（1．2～1．5GPa，相当于42～50km深度）的岩浆房内经历结晶分离作用所致，母岩浆相对富钾也是原因之一。该火山岩形成于造山带开始发生崩塌的后碰撞阶段起始时期，在大地构造位置上处于中生代东亚大陆活动陆缘宽广的内带。深俯冲到250km或更深深度的大洋板片的脱水作用是诱发该火山岩地幔源区熔融的主要因素。东狼沟组钾玄岩的发育表明当时燕山存在约50km的厚地壳，古地形高度可达海拔3．9km。燕山中生代高原（高山）地貌和相应的气候条件可能为原始鸟类的形成演化提供了非常适宜的环境。     

辽宁永宁地区含金刚石闪长质岩石显微特征及金刚石来源探讨

辽宁永宁地区发育一套闪长质火山岩，该岩石中曾选获金刚石及其指示矿物，因此成为辽宁省金刚石第Ⅳ成矿带。通过对该岩石矿物组成及其显微结构构造特征研究，表明：(1)闪长质岩石中的斑晶斜长石具有环带结构；(2)橄榄石及金云母具有多世代性，且目估橄榄石+金云母含量在10%以上，局部更为富集；(3)出现“橄榄石+金云母+石榴石”与“斜长石+辉石+角闪石”不平衡的矿物组合；(4)发现橄榄石有碎斑结构和金伯利岩角砾。初步认为，永宁地区的闪长质岩浆在上升过程中捕获了早先已形成的金伯利岩并与之发生熔融混合作用，金刚石来自于深部的金伯利岩。这一认识对该地区寻找金刚石原生矿具有启示意义。     

The Cretaceous volcanic succession around the Songliao Basin,NE China: relationship between volcanism and sedimentation

With volume ratio of 8:1:1.5 amongst acidic, intermediate and basaltic rocks, the Cretaceous volcanics around the Songliao Basin are a series of high‐K or medium‐K, peraluminous or metaluminous, calc‐alkaline rocks, lacking typical basalts and peralkaline members of typical rift‐related types. Their eruption ages range between 133 and 127 Ma, 124 and 122 Ma and 117 and 113 Ma respectively. They are high in total (Rare earth element) REE contents (96.1–326 ppm), enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE (LREE/HREE = 4.6–13.8), with negative Eu and Ce anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.04–0.88; Ce/Ce* = 0.60–0.97). They have enriched large‐ion lithophile elements (e.g. K, Ba, Th) and depleted high field strength elements (e.g. Nb, Ti and Y), suggesting a subduction‐related tectonic setting. The volcanic activities migrated from south to north, forming a successively northward‐stepping volcanic series and showing a feature significantly different from the overlying sedimentary sequence striking northeast. Thus, an overlap basin model was proposed. Accompanied by opening of the basin, the volcanogenic succession was formed at the block‐faulting stage (131–113 Ma) owing to the closure of the Mongolia–Okhotsk ocean in the Jurassic and early Cretaceous, while the overlying sedimentary sequence was unconformably deposited at the spreading stage (Albian–Maastrichtian) owing to the oblique subduction of the Pacific plate under the Eurasian plate. The volcanic succession constitutes the lower unit of basin filling and is the forerunner of further basin spreading. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.