某水电站坝基岩体结构面室内大型直剪试验研究

岩体结构面的抗剪强度是表征岩体强度的一项重要参数,但由于原位试验受场地等诸多因素影响,难以大规模的开展,本文提出在室内用结构面大型剪切试验开展结构面的剪切特性研究,以某水电站坝基砂岩岩体中的硬性结构面为研究对象,取得了较好的成果。试验表明:结构面的多组剪切变形曲线具有一定的应变硬化的特征;达到峰值剪切强度时的剪切位移普遍较大,在8.9mm～44.5mm之间;砂岩中硬性结构面光滑面的基本摩擦角为31.4,结构面平均起伏角为6.3。     

江西湖口隧道工程地质条件评价

论述了江西湖口隧道场区的地层岩性条件。根据断层、层面、节理结构面的组合赤平投影图,判定了隧道西洞口与东洞口自然斜坡的稳定性,以及隧道西洞口、东洞口SW、东洞口NE路堑坡的稳定性。F2、F2′、F3断层横切洞体,断层与洞体交汇处及软岩分布区,围岩不稳定,易出现掉块及小塌方。提出了短开挖、弱爆破、强支护、先排水隧道的施工方案。     

DETERMINATION OF FAULT PLANE PARAMETERS IN THE LONGTAN RESERVOIR BY USING PRECISELY LOCATED SMALL EARTHQUAKE DATA AND REGIONAL STRESS FIELD

The Longtan reservoir is located in Tian'e County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southwestern China on the upper reaches of Hongshui River, the main stream of the Pearl River. The dam of the reservoir is 200m high, and the maximum water depth can be up to 194m as the water level reaches 400m. The reservoir storage capacity is 27.3 billion cubic meters, so it is a typical high-dam reservoir with large storage capacity. Terrain of the reservoir is high in the west and low in the east. The reservoir is located at the confluence of the Hongshui River, Buliu River, Nanpan River, Beipan River, Mengjiang River and Caodu River. The construction of Longtan hydropower station officially started in July 2001, and the reservoir impoundment was on September 30, 2006. The power station is equipped with 9 sets of 700 000kW water turbine generator units, with a total installed capacity of 6.3 million kW and an average annual generating capacity of 18.7 billion kW·h. So its storage and hydropower capacity rank third only to the world-famous Three Gorges hydropower project and the ultra-large hydropower project in Xiluodu of Jinsha River in China. Seismicity enhanced rapidly in the reservoir area after the impoundment. More the 5 000 earthquakes have been recorded so far, with the maximum magnitude of M_L4.8, which occurred on September 18, 2010. The earthquakes are mainly concentrated in the deep water area where fault zones run through. Assuming the seismogenic fault can be simulated by a plane and most small earthquakes occur nearby the fault plane, the information of seismogenic fault can be obtained by the hypocenter location parameters of small earthquakes.     

小波变换用于高分辨率全色影像与多光谱影像的融合研究

将小波的多分辩率分析与ＩＨＳ变换相结合,提出了叠加融合的新方法。它先对高分辨率影像进行了小波分解,得到的各小波面叠加到多光谱影像经ＩＨＳ变换后的强度Ｉ影像像中,使得融合影像最大限度地保留了多光谱影像的光谱信息,保持了原多光谱影像的反差,同时提高了它的清晰度和空间分辨率。     

地下洞室群对地面运动影响问题的级数解答:SH波入射

采用波函数展开法给出平面SH波入射下半空间中洞室群对地面运动影响问题的一个级数解答，并分析了入射波频率和入射角以及两洞室之间距离等参数对地面运动的影响。数值结果表明，地下洞室群对沿线地面运动具有显著的放大作用：两个洞室情况地面运动可以达到单个洞室情况的1．6倍、无洞室情况的3．5倍以上。建议地铁等地下工程在设计和规划时应考虑工程建设后对沿线设计地震动的影响。     

基于统一强度理论的灰土挤密桩应力分析

采用统一强度理论对灰土挤密桩应力进行研究,分析了灰土挤密桩挤密成孔过程及土体处于弹塑性状态时孔周应力情况,得出了灰土挤密桩成孔过程的弹性解及孔壁屈服时的弹性极限荷载,并求出了孔壁均布内压与塑性挤密半径的关系式。该解考虑了中间主应力及拉压性能差异的影响,Mohr-Coulomb解是特例。其结果对于全面研究灰土挤密桩的综合作用效用,进一步节约材料有一定的参考价值。     

钻探方法确定岩体结构面产状

在许多地下工程中,均需确定岩体结构面产状。文章阐述了确定岩体结构面产状的两类方法及其主要特点。岩芯定向方法需专门的仪器设备,成本较高,工序多;钻探直接计算方法,属常规方法钻探,故成本低,但需要3个钻孔测斜资料。文章提出了采用立体解析几何法,依据3点钻孔测斜资料、岩芯层面角,确定岩体结构面产状的方法。该方法分为两种情况:①3点测斜资料——钻孔顶角和方位角不完全相同情况下,3点测斜资料取自1孔、2孔或3个钻孔均可以,可以采用2个向量的数量积方法确定岩石结构面产状;①来自3孔的3点测斜资料——钻孔顶角和方位角完全相同情况下,可以采用两个向量的向量积方法确定岩石结构面产状。该方法准确,简单、成本低、适用性强。进一步完善并发展了以往确定岩石结构面产状的方法。此方法得到了很好的验证。     

瞬态面波法在滑坡体勘探中的应用

多道瞬态瑞雷波勘探技术是近几年来快速发展起来的高新技术,在滑坡体工程勘察中具有广泛的应用前景.介绍多道瞬态瑞雷波勘探原理及技术方法,并通过工程勘察实例,说明多道瞬态瑞雷波法应用于滑坡体勘察的可行性与有效性.     

应用离散元强度折减对复杂边坡进行稳定性分析

介绍了离散元（DEM）及强度折减法基本原理,利用3DEC软件结合强度折减法对某水电站高边坡进行稳定性分析。对岩体强度参数进行折减,以关键点位移与时间关系曲线发散时的折减系数作为边坡安全系数,根据位移矢量图确定滑面和破坏形态。通过与Dijkstra极限平衡有限元法及Sarma法的计算结果对比,验证该方法的可靠性。在二维计算基础上建立并简化三维模型,模拟边坡三维应力场。结合工程关注区域的应力及位移趋势,采用3DEC中的辅助节理截取典型坡段单宽模型,在已有的三维应力场的基础上对其进行强度折减,弥补了二维强度折减未考虑三维应力场对边坡稳定性影响的不足,把握了工程重点及力学特性,为类似工程提供了一种合理高效的稳定性分析手段。     

Analytical solutions of a finite two‐dimensional fluid‐saturated poroelastic medium with compressible constituents

An analytical solution is proposed for transient flow and deformation coupling of a fluid‐saturated poroelastic medium within a finite two‐dimensional (2‐D) rectangular domain. In this study, the porous medium is assumed to be isotropic, homogeneous, and compressible. In addition, the point sink can be located at an arbitrary position in the porous medium. The fluid–solid interaction in porous media is governed by the general Biot's consolidation theory. The method of integral transforms is applied in the analytical formulation of closed‐form solutions. The proposed analytical solution is then verified against both exact and numerical results. The analytical solution is first simplified and validated by comparison with an existing exact solution for the uncoupled problem. Then, a case study for pumping from a confined aquifer is performed. The consistency between the numerical solution and the analytical solution confirms the accuracy and reliability of the analytical solution presented in this paper. The proposed analytical solution can help us to obtain in‐depth insights into time‐dependent mechanical behavior due to fluid withdrawal within finite 2‐D porous media. Moreover, it can also be of great significance to calibrate numerical solutions in plane strain poroelasticity and to formulate relevant industry norms and standards. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.