四种湍流模型对空化流动模拟的比较

采用四种湍流模型对NACA66水翼空化流动进行模拟,分析了不同湍流模型和壁面函数对空化流动模拟结果的影响.分析结果表明:ASM模型和RNG k-ε模型对空化数不敏感,且计算精度较高;Realizable k-ε模型对空化数的变化很敏感,对不同的空化数计算精度相差很大;标准k-ε模型对空化数不敏感,但精度不高.增强壁面函数法对空化数不敏感,计算精度较高;标准壁面函数法和非平衡壁面函数法对空化数有一定的敏感性,但计算结果差异不大.     

An integrated wavelet concept of physical geodesy

For the determination of the earth's gravity field many types of observations are nowadays available, including terrestrial gravimetry, airborne gravimetry, satellite-to-satellite tracking, satellite gradio-metry, etc. The mathematical connection between these observables on the one hand and gravity field and shape of the earth on the other is called the integrated concept of physical geodesy. In this paper harmonic wavelets are introduced by which the gravitational part of the gravity field can be approximated progressively better and better, reflecting an increasing flow of observations. An integrated concept of physical geodesy in terms of harmonic wavelets is presented. Essential tools for approximation are integration formulas relating an integral over an internal sphere to suitable linear combinations of observation functionals, i.e. linear functionals representing the geodetic observables. A scale discrete version of multiresolution is described for approximating the gravitational potential outside and on the earth's surface. Furthermore, an exact fully discrete wavelet approximation is developed for the case of band-limited wavelets. A method for combined global outer harmonic and local harmonic wavelet modelling is proposed corresponding to realistic earth's models. As examples, the role of wavelets is discussed for the classical Stokes problem, the oblique derivative problem, satellite-to-satellite tracking, satellite gravity gradiometry and combined satellite-to-satellite tracking and gradiometry. Received: 28 February 1997 / Accepted: 17 November 1997     

A determination of source properties of large intraplate earthquakes in Alaska

Historically, large and potentially hazardous earthquakes have occurred within the interior of Alaska. However, most have not been adequately studied using modern methods of waveform modeling. The 22 July 1937, 16 October 1947, and 7 April 1958 earthquakes are three of the largest events known to have occurred within central Alaska (M _s =7.3,M _s =7.2 andM _s =7.3, respectively). We analyzed teleseismic body waves to gain information about the focal parameters of these events. In order to deconvolve the source time functions from teleseismic records, we first attempted to improve upon the published focal mechanisms for each event. Synthetic seismograms were computed for different source parameters, using the reflectivity method. A search was completed which compared the hand-digitized data with a suite of synthetic traces covering the complete parameter space of strike, dip, and slip direction. In this way, the focal mechanism showing the maximum correlation between the observed and calculated traces was found. Source time functions, i.e., the moment release as a function of time, were then deconvolved from teleseismic records for the three historical earthquakes, using the focal mechanisms which best fit the data. From these deconvolutions, we also recovered the depth of the events and their seismic moments. The earthquakes were all found to have a shallow foci, with depths of less than 10 km.The 1937 earthquake occurred within a northeast-southwest band of seismicity termed the Salcha seismic zone (SSZ). We confirm the previously published focal mechanism, indicating strike-slip faulting, with one focal plane parallel to the SSZ which was interpreted as the fault plane. Assuming a unilateral fault model and a reasonable rupture velocity of between 2 and 3 km/s, the 21 second rupture duration for this event indicates that all of the 65 km long SSZ may have ruptured during this event. The 1947 event, located to the south of the northwest-southeast trending Fairbanks seismic zone, was found to have a duration of about 11 seconds, thus indicating a rupture length of up to 30 km. The rupture duration of the 1958 earthquake, which occurred near the town of Huslia, approximately 400 km ENE of Fairbanks, was found to be about 9 seconds. This gives a rupture length consistent with the observed damage, an area of 16 km by 64 km.     

岩(矿)石中真实矿物组成的计算及矿物化学成分的初步逼近

本文基于线性规划的数学模型,利用岩(矿)石化学分析资料,佐以矿物相的鉴定结果,能准确计算出岩(矿)石中真实矿物组成。在没有矿物化学成分分析数据的情况下,通过迭代、逼进,能同时给出岩矿石的真实矿物组成及矿物化学成分的逼近值,若进一步结合矿物晶体化学原理进行修正,可得出更为准确的结果。线性规划的数学模型还能应用于矿物端员组成的计算,天然及人工系统的物理化学平衡、岩石学混合计算等各个方面。     

地下采矿引起的地表下沉的动态过程模型

分析了由地下采矿引起地表下沉的动态过程的Knothe时间函数模型的不足,在原Knothe时间函数中增加了一个以常数k为参数的幂指数,增加参数后的时间函数模型经理论分析符合地表点下沉的动态过程、速度变化过程和加速度变化过程;改进后的时间函数模型中参数c决定地表点下沉过程时间的长短,参数k决定地表点在时间轴上的下沉路径及达到最大速度所需的时间;用改进后的时间函数模型对某矿沉陷盆地倾向主断面上下沉量最大点的下沉过程的观测资料进行了拟合,即用经验方法确定参数c后,再用最小二乘法确定参数k。研究结果表明,该模型可较准确地拟合实测曲线。用改进后的时间函数模型结合沉陷盆地主断面的剖面函数模型,建立了主断面地表下沉曲线变化的动态过程模型,该模型可求出沉陷主断面或沉陷盆地某一点在某一时刻的下沉量、下沉速度和加速度。     

鄱阳湖湿地生态功能重要性分区

在分析鄱阳湖湿地自然环境特征和湿地生态系统服务功能特征基础上,利用GIs技术,对鄱阳湖湿地范围进行界定,湿地面积为3886km2.基于湿地生态环境保护和社会经济发展总体要求,按照生态功能区划原理,对湿地进行生态功能重要性分区研究.根据湿地生态功能重要性评价结果将湿地分为极重要区、高度重要区、重要区、一般重要区四个区域,...     

新疆和周边地区地壳厚度和Vp/Vs比值变化的接收函数约束

我们用修订后的接收函数H-K叠加算法估计了新疆和周边地区90个地震台站下的地壳厚度和波速比Vp/Vs.该地区平均地壳厚度约为52 km,变化范围约为33～79 km.最厚地壳位于西昆仑山的TAG台站,最薄地壳在塔拉斯-费尔干那断层附近的NRN台站.对每个台站的点地壳厚度估计结果进行了线性各向同性变差模型的标准克里金空间...     

Chironomid-based paleosalinity records in southern British Columbia, Canada: a comparison of transfer functions

Chironomid remains from Big Lake, British Columbia were analysed and paleosalinities were estimated using a pre-existing transfer function and several developed using new regression methods. A two component partial-least-squares model (PLS-2) had the highest coefficient of determination (R² _(Jackknifed) = 0.75) and lowest root-mean-squared error-of-prediction (RMSEP). As compared to the pre-existing model, it was also less sensitive to the influence of rare taxa. Nevertheless, the marginally larger R² _(Jackknifed) and lower RMSEP do not clearly identify a single best model. The models were applied to Big, Mahoney and Kilpoola lakes, revealing the sensitivity of paleosalinity inferences to model selection. A synopsis of chironomid-based paleosalinities in British Columbia and their correspondence with other paleoclimatic data are presented and discussed.     

Hadley环流强度与我国中东部气温的相关分析

利用NCEP／NCAR再分析月平均风场资料和国家气候中心提供的中国160个气象站的月平均气温资料,用质量流函数计算方法描述平均经圈环流,用环流中心值大小表征其强度,分析Hadley环流强度1951--2010年的趋势变化及其与我国中东部气温的关系。结果表明：1）质量流函数能很好地表征平均经圈环流的特征,且环流中心值大小能形象地反映环流强度。2）近60a来,冬季北半球Hadley环流强度呈线性增强的趋势;夏季南半球Hadley环流在20世纪80年代初发生了由减弱趋势转变为显著增强趋势的年代际转折。3）我国中东部大部分地区气温的年代际变化能很好地被Hadley环流强度变化所解释,二者基本呈正相关关系,但显著相关区域随季节变化有所不同。     

八卦庙金矿床石英脉的控矿作用初探

八卦庙金矿床的矿石品位与其石英脉发育程度和破碎程度、共生硫化物的含量成正比,与脉体的厚度、共生硫化物的粒度成反比;节理脉的含金量比顺层脉的含金量高;石英细脉的含金量高于脉旁围岩的含金量数倍至十多倍,但含金石英脉不能单独构成工业矿体.据此,作者首次提出金矿化类型属于细脉浸染型金矿,揉皱石英细(网)脉破碎带是此类金矿的一种重要而直观的找矿标志.