致密砂土工程地质特性及其对盾构施工的影响

盾构施工以其高效的施工特点在现代地下工程施工中愈来愈受欢迎,而其穿越的地质条件也愈来愈复杂。致密砂土作为一种特殊的地质环境,直接影响到盾构施工,目前为止,对于致密砂土的特性研究尚未达到成熟阶段。试验采用便携式拍照显微镜获取苏通GIL综合管廊工程原状土图片：利用Adobe Photoshop拼接,并对其进行黑白二值化处理获取颗粒轮廓;最后通过image-Pro plus程序统计分析得到颗粒形状参数;并将试验结果与苏通GIL综合管廊工程勘察结果进行比对。试验结果表明：该方法可作为一种统计分析致密砂土颗粒形状的有效方法;致密砂土在空间呈长轴分布,且与颗粒的形状参数有良好的相关性。试验结果对颗粒形状研究有参考价值,对苏通综合管廊工程盾构施工有指导意义。     

东海盆地西湖凹陷W气田平湖组煤系潮控砂体储层地震预测

东海西湖凹陷油气资源丰富,具有较好的勘探开发潜力,其中平湖组作为重要的含油气层系,已成为近期勘探开发的焦点。平湖组普遍发育薄煤层,导致含油气砂体的地震响应存在多解性,严重制约着开发生产。为了识别薄煤层影响下的含油气砂岩,开展了储层地震预测研究工作。首先,通过岩芯、测井和分析化验资料解析了潮控沉积环境特征;然后,利用岩石物理分析技术归纳总结了在薄煤层影响下含水砂岩、含气砂层的叠前道集响应规律;最后,利用地球物理属性完成了潮控砂体储层预测,并结合沉积特征实现研究区有利目标优选。研究表明：平湖组以潮控三角洲-潮汐沉积环境为主,其中,水下分流河道、河口坝和潮汐砂坝等沉积微相是优势储集体;砂体储层受到薄煤层影响呈现近道为波峰、远道为波谷的Ⅱ -p类AVO特征;利用叠前道集响应规律指导叠前纵波速度/横波速度（Vp/Vs）反演,完成潮控储层定量预测;综合古地貌和沉积微相认识,实现了研究区潮控环境下潜力精细描述,明确③号砂体属于一类有利目标,可作为潜力目标。本研究方法有效提高了研究区储层预测工作的精确度,为该区块下一步深层煤系潮控砂体的井位部署提供了技术支撑。     

Interferometric observations of the H II region around ξ Per

A Fabry-Perot spectrometer was used to map the H II region around the O star ξ Per in the Hβ emission line. The angular size of the region is \(9_.^ \circ 1 \times 6_.^ \circ 0\). The region-boundary contour drawn at the double background level is centered on the star. The accuracy of our emission intensity measurements is 0.2 rayleigh. The proximity of the nebula NGC 1499 has virtually no effect on the measured emission measure toward the star. The star excitation parameter derived from observations corresponds to the spectral type O7.5 III and is U(Sp)=56.0±8.4 pc cm^?2; the mean electron density in the region is n_e=3.1±0.4 cm^?3.     

塔里木盆地顺北超深层碳酸盐岩输导体系三维地震属性多尺度表征及连通性分析

塔里木盆地顺北地区7000 m超深层广泛发育碳酸盐岩断控岩溶储层,其复杂的溶洞-裂缝系统为油气提供了良好的运移通道和储集空间.本文分尺度精细刻画断控岩溶输导体系三维内部结构.首先采用断裂增强滤波技术,提高超深层地震数据信噪比.其次,根据断控岩溶输导结构的地震反射特征,将其划分为大、中、小三种不同尺度结构模式.大尺度结构包括大型走滑断裂、溶洞及伴随的岩溶塌陷,具有规则的断裂强反射和“串珠状”反射的震相特征;中尺度结构主要为走滑断裂附近横向发育的次生断层及伴随的岩溶局部塌陷,具有杂乱强反射震相特征;小尺度结构为弥漫整个输导介质的背景裂缝,具有杂乱弱反射震相特征.单一的地震属性很难全面地描述断控岩溶输导介质,通过属性分析,明确了三类结构模式的敏感地震属性群,利用贝叶斯聚类融合技术,分别对三类结构模式的敏感地震属性群进行融合.最后,将三类结构模式的融合地震属性分别采样到三维输导介质网格中进行量化分析,最终建立缝洞连通体结构模型,为后续的岩性物性预测和流体识别提供三维输导体系连通体模型.

     

云南西北部丽江—剑川地区古近纪宝相寺组石英砂颗粒表面特征

石英砂具有丰富的颗粒表面特征,是判别沉积环境的重要标志。利用扫描电镜对云南丽江—剑川地区宝相寺组(E2b)的石英砂颗粒表面特征进行了系统分析:下部样品具水成特征,中部样品具风成特征,上部样品则具经水流改造后的风成特征。结合野外观察结果,从宝相寺组石英砂颗粒表面特征的变化规律可以看出,下部为近源洪积环境、中部为风成沙丘环境、上部为湖泊环境。其中中部样品的石英砂磨圆、分选极好,普遍具有标准的碟形、新月形撞击坑和毛玻璃化表面,是典型的沙漠砂沉积。     

金字塔沙丘近地表流场及其对月牙泉影响研究

对月牙泉景区气象站点资料和积沙量统计分析以及月牙泉北侧金字塔沙丘近地表流场野外观测表明：受地形影响,月牙泉景区和金字塔沙丘各点起沙风玫瑰和输沙势玫瑰在监测期内差别较大。在金字塔沙丘影响下,不同风向下气流发生多次分离和汇集,沙丘近地表气流发生明显变化,携沙气流行进方向发生改变。金字塔沙丘坡面上各点合成输沙势和起沙风与坡面走向呈垂直角度,气流沿坡面爬越沙丘时,动能发生损耗,携沙能力减弱,减少了进入月牙泉的风沙量,减弱了月牙泉的风沙灾害。     

A kinematic hardening constitutive model for sands: the multiaxial formulation

This paper explores the possibility of using well-accepted concepts—Mohr-Coulomb-like strength criterion, critical state, existence of a small strain elastic region, hyperbolic relationship for representing global plastic stress–strain behaviour, dependence of strength on state parameter and flow rules derived from the Cam-Clay Model—to represent the general multiaxial stress–strain behaviour of granular materials over the full range of void ratios and stress level (neglecting grain crushing). The result is a simple model based on bounding surface and kinematic hardening plasticity, which is based on a single set of constitutive parameters, namely two for the elastic behaviour plus eight for the plastic behaviour, which all have a clear and easily understandable physical meaning. In order to assist the convenience of the numerical implementation, the model is defined in a ‘normalized’ stress space in which the stress–strain behaviour does not undergo any strain softening and so certain potential numerical difficulties are avoided. In the first part the multiaxial formulation of the model is described in detail, using appropriate mixed invariants, which rationally combine stress history and stress. The model simulations are compared with some experimental results for tests on granular soils along stress paths lying outside the triaxial plane over a wide range of densities and mean stresses, using constitutive parameters calibrated using triaxial tests. Furthermore, the study is extended to the analysis of the effects induced by the different shapes of the yield and bounding surfaces, revealing the different role played by the size and the curvature of the bounding surface on the simulated behaviour of completely stress- and partly strain-driven tests. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.