岩石断裂作用的复杂性和混沌动力学

断裂是一个复杂的动力学体系,受到岩石结构、反应、流体迁移、应力、岩石变形和力学等多种地质因素和过程的耦合控制。本文建立了断裂体系的反应-输运-力学耦合动力学模型并编制了模拟程序。以湖南水口山矿区为例,通过动力学模拟表明不同地层岩性的断裂渗透率大小和演化特征存在显著差异,断裂作用促使岩石渗透率的空间非均匀性增强,从而有利于流体的局部汇聚和矿体的形成。断裂中压力随时间呈现出非周期振荡变化,反映了断裂演化的混沌特征。     

地震前地表重力场变化的一种可能解释——应力-损伤耦合效应

文中运用损伤力学研究方法 ,提出孕震过程中引起地壳破坏的应力 -损伤耦合效应。利用应变等效性假设 ,推导了地壳体的应力 -损伤耦合效应与地表重力变化之间的理论关系。根据岩石力学实验的不同加载途径 ,模拟了 1976年唐山 7 8级地震和 2 0 0 1年昆仑山口西 8 1级地震重力演化的不同特征 ,结果与实际情况符合较好 ,表明应力 -损伤耦合效应可以作为地震前地壳重力变化的一种物理解释     

偏心结构非线性地震反应分析的一种简化方法

本文建立了基于结构状态方程和偏心结构体系的层剪力-扭矩等效屈服EYST面概念的求解平扭耦联非线性地震反应的分离-予估-修正递推算法，编制了相应的计算程序。通过与三个单层偏心结构模型的破坏性地震模拟试验结果的对比，验证了小变形阶段平-扭耦联地震反应算法的实用性和可靠性。算例表明，该程序数据处理量小，运算快捷，便于应用。     

考虑空间效应的非线性结构主共振分析

本文针对考虑空间效应非对称刚度的单层结构，利用能量法得到了结构水平侧移和扭转相耦合的振动方程，采用多尺度法研究了侧移刚度和扭转刚度之间有某一关系时的主共振，分析了结构主共振的定常解并且讨论了其稳定性，通过算例分析得到了考虑空间效应时结构的一些有益的结论。     

储液罐液—固—土耦合非线性翘离振动分析

本文考虑液固耦联及底板几何非线性与土壤弹性，建立了液－固－土耦合的储液罐翘离分析力学模型。算例表明，恢复力矩与翘离角之间的关系可以表达为分段线性，翘离将使地震响应增大。     

渗流场与应力场耦合分析在地质科学中的应用

论述了渗流场与应力场耦合分析的基本原理及其在石油勘探、成矿预测及斜坡稳定性评价中应用的理论基础和技术路线。     

A Study on the Geological—Geochemical Dynamics of Hydrothermal Ore Deposition as Exemplified by the Muping—Rushan Gold Deposit Belt,Eastern Shandong,China

This paper presents a method of establishing a hydrothermal ore-forming reaction system.On the basis of the study of four typical hydrothermal deposits,the following conclusions concerning geochemical dynamic controlling during hydrothermal mineralization have been sions concerning geochemical dynaamic controlling during hydrothermal mineralization have been drawn:(1)The regional tectonic activities control the concentration and dispersion of elements in the ore-forming process in terms of their effects on the thermodynamic nature and conditions of the ore-forming reaction system.(2)During hydrothermal mineralization the activites of ore-bearing faults can be divideb into two stages:the brittle splitting stage and the brittle-tough tensing stage,which would create characteristically different geodynamic conditions for the geochemical thermodynamic ore-forming system.(3)The hydrothermal ore-forming reaaction system is an open dynamic system.At the brittle splitting stage the system was so strongly supersaturated and unequilibrated as to speed up and enhance the crystallization and differentiation of ore-forming fluids.And at the brittle-tough tensing stage,the ore-forming system was in a weak supersaturated state;with decreasing temperature and pressure the crystallization of oreforming material would show down,and it can be regarded as an equilibrated state.(4)In the lates stages of hydrothermal evolution,gold would be concentrated in the residual ore-forming solution.The pulsating fracture activite in this stage led to the crush of pyrite ore and it was then filled with gold-enriched solution,forming high-grage“fissure”gold ore.This ore-forming process could be called the coupling mechanism of ore formation.     

Multicomponent ionic diffusion in porewaters: Coulombic effects revisited

The diffusion of an ion in porewaters cannot occur independently of the other ions in solution as a result of Coulombic coupling, as well as from other effects not considered here. Unfortunately, a longstanding disagreement exists about the correct form and meaning of the equations that describe Coulombic coupling in porewaters, i.e., Ben-Yaakov [Am. J. Sci. 281 (1981) 974] vs. Lasaga [Am. J. Sci. 281 (1981) 981]. This paper re-examines this controversy by reformulating the problem starting from fundamental concepts of mass and charge conservation. We show that these antagonistic formulations are both valid and, in fact, equivalent, when the different interpretations of charge balance are resolved. Most of the disagreements between Ben-Yaakov and Lasaga are then shown to result from differing methods of solution, not fundamental disparities in their models. We note, however, that the explanation for the concept of “stationary” gradients of nonreacting ions as given Ben-Yaakov is inaccurate, and such gradients do lead to diffusive fluxes that are counterbalanced by electrochemical migrational fluxes to produce no net flux (excluding advective flux). We further find that the bicarbonate diffusive flux will not balance the diffusional charge flux of sulfate during its reduction if advection is present. This latter imbalance generates compensating fluxes in the other nonreacting ions. We have applied our theory to a simplified case of sulfate reduction in a marine sediment. The results show that nonreacting ions do diffuse and that with normally expected values of porewater advection, the ratio of the bicarbonate to the sulfate flux can be far different than the ideal value of −2.     

非均质土坝稳定性的渗流场和应力场耦合分析

綦于多孔介质的渗流特性和土的非线性本构关系，研究了渗流场与应力场的耦合效应，并针对一实际十坝建立了非线性耦合分析模型，探讨了位于软基之上的非均质土坝的渗流与应力耦合规律。分析结果表明，在渗流作用下，坝休和坝基中渗流与应力的相互作用是不应忽视的，其作用结果将会使土坝、特别足防渗心端附近应力水平和渗透坡降均有不同程度的提高，表明考虑渗流场和应力场耦合作用的计算结果对土坝稳定安全性不利。