Yielding seismic response of code-designed single-storey asymmetric structures

A study on the seismic performance of asymmetric structures with non-linear behaviour and random properties is presented. The structural response of single-storey models, designed using different code criteria is studied using both a deterministic and a probabilistic approach. The worst structural behaviour, in terms of ductility demands, is obtained for symmetric models considering uncertain properties. It is shown that an arbitrary increase of the total lateral strength of the structures does not lead to an increment of the structural safety proportional to the total lateral strength increase, implying that an expensive structure is not always the safest. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A memory-matrix-based identification methodology for structural and mechanical systems

This paper uses an associative memory approach to identify the properties of structural and mechanical systems. The methodology differs from standard identification methods in that it uses a set of parameter vectors simultaneously to generate the estimated parameter vector. The method develops a technique for sequentially generating genetically engineered relevant parameter vectors whose use results in accurate identification, while still using small data sets. This makes the approach promising for on-line, rapid, identification of structures and their health monitoring. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improving explicit time integration by modal truncation techniques

This paper describes a modal weighting technique that improves the stability characteristics of explicit time-integration schemes used in structural dynamics. The central difference method was chosen as the trial algorithm because of its simplicity, both in terms of formulation and ease of numerical stability and convergence analysis. It is shown how explicit algorithms may be reformulated in order to make them stable for any integration time by attenuating high-frequency oscillation modes that are generated by mesh geometry rather than generic dynamical features. We discuss results from trial calculations obtained from mathematical models that represent hysteretic restoring force elements and an application on a physical, four-degree-of-freedom, base-isolated structure using the pseudodynamic technique. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

下地壳流变学性质对南大西洋两岸盆地结构不对称性的控制

南大西洋两岸被动陆缘盆地蕴藏大量的油气资源,是近年来油气勘探的热点区域。南大西洋两侧共轭盆地的结构存在明显的不对称性,南美侧的桑托斯盆地垂直走向方向的宽度(约850 km)是位于非洲侧的南宽扎盆地(约200 km)的4倍。盆地结构的不对称性导致南大西洋两岸被动陆缘盆地油气分布与成藏规律具有明显的差异,但是盆地结构不对称性的动力学成因目前还存在较大争议。为此开展2D热力学耦合的地球动力学数值模拟实验,数值模拟中采用有限元方法求解黏-弹-塑性连续介质的本构方程。实验结果证明了下地壳流变学性质差异是控制盆地结构的关键因素。当下地壳流变学性质不对称时,在克拉通上发育的盆地往往为狭窄盆地,而在造山带上发育的盆地为宽广盆地。克拉通深厚地壳通过改变软流圈的流动影响地壳破裂和盆地结构。与前人数值模拟结果相比,本文的模型不仅能正演不对称盆地的形成过程,也能预测共轭盆地不对称极性,与南大西洋地质情况能够更好吻合。     

微波照射下矿物升温特性与岩石弱化效果研究综述

随着经济的快速发展,工程领域面对坚硬岩石的情况越来越多,传统机械开挖方式的效率和经济性难以保障,而微波辅助破岩具有较好的工程应用前景。岩石是由不同矿物组成的,不同矿物对微波的敏感程度不同,其敏感程度与矿物的族类、晶型和铁元素含量有关。当岩石处于微波场中时,不同敏感性矿物间的差异性膨胀能够在矿物边界和内部产生热应力,从而有效弱化岩石。影响岩石弱化效果的主要因素可分为微波条件和岩石条件两大类。一般而言,岩石强度随着微波功率与照射时间的增加而降低;相同能量条件下,高功率短时间的微波照射能够产生更好的弱化效果。岩石所含矿物的微波敏感性越高,敏感矿物的颗粒尺寸越大,及含量适当时,微波照射岩石的弱化效果越好;含水状态的岩石受到微波照射后,能够比干燥状态产生更大的损伤。微波的热效应有时还会使岩石中的矿物发生较大的物理或化学变化,进而对其升温特性及弱化效果产生影响。面照射试验表明微波能使大尺寸岩样在照射区域产生放射状裂纹,从而有效降低岩石强度,提高破岩效率。     

不同制样方式下含水合物粉细砂静力学特性研究

利用高压低温三轴仪对含水合物粉细砂进行剪切试验。分别用气饱和法与水饱和法制样,实现不同水合物饱和度和围压条件的三轴剪切,并分析含水合物砂的胶结作用对剪切特性的影响。试验结果表明：低饱和度时,气饱和与水饱和试样的偏应力差别不大;高饱和度时,制样方式对偏应力的影响较显著;水饱和试样的剪胀性大于气饱和试样,剪胀性随饱和度的升高和围压的降低而增大。峰值偏应力和稳态偏应力由黏聚力和摩擦力两部分组成,水合物的存在对稳态内摩擦角影响不大。     

Experimental study on the cyclic behavior of loose calcareous sand under linear stress paths

Abstract

Hollow cylinder torsional shear tests on loose isotropically and anisotropically consolidated calcareous sand were conducted to investigate the cyclic behavior under three different linear stress paths, including horizontal line, oblique line, and vertical line stress paths, in a coordinate system of the normal stress difference and the horizontal shear stress. The dominant strain components of the isotropically consolidated specimens are affected by the stress paths. With increasing consolidation stress ratio, axial strain gradually becomes the dominant strain component under the three different stress paths. The cyclic strength of the isotropically consolidated specimens under the three different stress paths are almost the same, while for the anisotropically consolidated specimens, the cyclic strengths are strongly affected by the stress paths. These results indicate that conventional cyclic triaxial tests may overestimate cyclic strength in some cases. Irrespective of the stress paths and cyclic stress ratios, the terminal residual excess pore pressure ratio decreases with increasing consolidation stress ratio. Moreover, an empirical equation is proposed to describe the relationship between the normalized shear work and the normalized residual excess pore pressure ratio. The comparative study reveals that the relationship proposed for silica sand is not suitable for the dynamic analyses of calcareous sand.     

海蒿子多糖的结构组分及生物活性研究

采用水提醇沉法制备海蒿子多糖,利用红外光谱法（FT-IR）和PMP柱前衍生化法研究海蒿子多糖的理化特性及糖元组成,并采用实时荧光定量PCR法和ELISA法,研究免疫相关因子和细胞凋亡相关因子的mRNA表达。结果表明,海蒿子多糖总糖含量为24.32%,硫酸根含量为5.39%,具有α糖苷键。单糖分析表明,海蒿子多糖主要由半乳糖、岩藻糖、甘露糖组成。进一步体外免疫实验结果表明,海蒿子多糖具有促进小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7增殖的作用,能够提高巨噬细胞系免疫因子IL-1β、IL-6、iNOS和TNF-α的mRNA表达量。此外,海蒿子多糖还能抑制肺癌细胞A549的增殖,提高Bax/Bcl-2的比例,说明其具有抑制肿瘤的效果。ELISA分析表明,海蒿子粗多糖能显著提高RAW264.7分泌NO、IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6细胞因子。因此,海蒿子多糖不仅具有免疫增强活性,还具有一定的抗肿瘤活性。     

土壤理化性质空间分布及其相关关系分析

使用地理加权相关（GW correlation）与多因素方差分析对张家口地区土壤理化参数空间分异及其相关关系进行分析。结果显示：土壤理化参数具有不同的空间自相关性,各参数之间地理加权相关系数存在正负或大小差异。林地土壤养分含量与饱和导水率显著大于其他土地利用类型（P<0.05）;土壤理化参数之间相关性主要表现为坝上高原>坝下区域、栗钙土>其他土壤类型（P<0.05）。这表明,土地利用是影响张家口地区土壤理化参数空间分异的主要因素,地貌和土壤类型是影响土壤理化参数相关关系空间分异的主要因素,结果可以为认识区域土壤地域分异规律及制定生态脆弱区水土涵养措施提供数据参考。     

海底重力取样技术的探讨

对重力取样器的用途、使用及相关技术进行了较全面的介绍,尤其介绍取样作业中的一些实际经验,对该取样器的技术特点、相关技术和未来发展方向进行深入的探讨。