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101.
某水电站坝基挠曲破碎带工程力学特性试验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
膝状挠曲破碎带是某水电站坝基的主要工程地质问题。破碎带岩性为完整性较差的碎裂、碎屑软弱砂岩,并呈现孔隙式胶结接触,其工程力学特性对坝基变形和稳定存在巨大影响。基于破碎带砂岩组织结构疏松、含水率较高、物理力学性能较差等特点,首先开展了基本物理特性试验分析,认为岩石微细观结构复杂、渗透特性较好,属小孔隙率砂岩。其次,开展了室内常规和现场力学特性试验研究;最后,在宏观力学参数确定的基础上,探讨了破碎带对工程作用的响应及影响。结果表明,破碎带岩石内部结构破坏严重,矿物成分主要为石英、长石、绢云母等,化学成分以SiO2为主,但化学侵蚀并不显著。常规剪切曲线呈现出明显的4阶段特征,三轴压缩试验破坏机制为塑性剪切破坏,表现出强度低、延性扩容明显、出现屈服平台等特征,且碎裂岩强度略高于碎屑岩;现场试验表明岩体变形均匀,变形模量较低,处于60~630 MPa;地基承载力处于0.8~2.3 MPa。研究成果对该水电站坝基工程有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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针对九江市网纹红土层标准贯入试验实测锤击数与试验孔深、土的压缩模量、抗剪强度关系之间进行了相关性分析。结果表明:网纹红土标准贯入击数与试验孔深为正显著线性相关关系,与土的压缩模量为正弱线性相关关系,与抗剪强度为正弱线性相关关系。分析成果对在九江市开展岩土工程勘察活动具有很好的指导和借鉴意义。 相似文献
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长白山区热量资源立体分布模式及其应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用二次趋势势面函数模拟长白山区热量资料的地理分布,用地理细网格分析方法推算山区各地的热量资源状况,并以此为基本依据,分析山区主要农作物品种的合理布局,指出不同品种在各地的适宜种植高度带,该项分析了已长白山区气候及农业资源立体开发中的发挥作用。 相似文献
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局地自适应多级模式降水预报 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
近年来,我国对西北太平洋上的热带气旋的实时业务定位精度有了很大的提高,平均定位误差均在20-30km,美国在同一海区的定位误差也在这一精度水平上。值得注意的是,计算业务定位误差的标准是各国确定的所谓“最佳位置”,然而,该“最佳位置”并不一定能代表实况。事实上,我国和美国的“最佳位置”是有差别的,平均达54.4km,且存在明显的年际变化和地理分布特征。这意味着,我们可能过小地估计了业务定位误差。 相似文献
109.
A Simple Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model For Atmospheric Models: Comparison With Multi-Layer And Slab Models 总被引:26,自引:7,他引:26
Hiroyuki Kusaka Hiroaki Kondo Yokihiro Kikegawa Fujio Kimura 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,101(3):329-358
We developed a simple, single-layer urban canopy model, and comparedit to both multi-layer and slab models. Our single-layer model has thefollowing features: (a) It is a column model of energy and momentumexchange between an urban surface and the atmosphere, (b) it includesthe influence of street canyons, which are parameterized to representthe urban geometry, (c) it includes shadowing from buildings andreflection of radiation, and (d) it estimates both the surfacetemperatures of, and heat fluxes from, three surface types: roof, wall,and road. In the simulation of the single-layer model, the roof washottest during the daytime, but coolest from midnight to early morning.This is consistent with output from the multi-layer model and fieldobservations at a residential area on a clear, summer day. The diurnalvariation of the energy budget from the single-layer model agrees wellwith that from the multi-layer model. Our single-layer model'sperformance is nearly that of a multi-layer model for studyingmesoscale heat islands. Nevertheless, it is simply parameterized,and thus easily included in larger-scale atmospheric models. The slabmodel has the largest nighttime cooling rate of the three models. Toovercome this, it needs more adjustments than for the canopy models. 相似文献
110.
The UNMIX and Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) receptor models were used to investigate sources of PM2.5 aerosols measured between March 2001 and February 2002 in Gwangju, Korea. Measurements of PM2.5 particles were used for the analysis of carbonaceous species (organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC)) using the thermal manganese dioxide oxidation (TMO) method, the investigation of seven ionic species using ion chromatography (IC), and the analysis of twenty-four metal species using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP)-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (AES)/ICP-Mass Spectrometry (MS). According to annual average PM2.5 source apportionment results obtained from CMB calculations, diesel vehicle exhaust was the major contributor, accounting for 33.4% of the measured PM2.5 mass (21.5 μg m− 3), followed by secondary sulfate (14.6%), meat cooking (11.7%), secondary organic carbon (8.9%), secondary nitrate (7.6%), urban dust (5.5%), Asian dust (4.4%), biomass burning (2.8%), sea salt (2.7%), residual oil combustion (2.6%), gasoline vehicle exhaust (1.9%), automobile lead (0.5%), and components of unknown sources (3.4%). Seven PM2.5 sources including diesel vehicles (29.6%), secondary sulfate (17.4%), biomass burning (14.7%), secondary nitrate (12.6%), gasoline vehicles (12.4%), secondary organic carbon (5.8%) and Asian dust (1.9%) were identified from the UNMIX analysis. The annual average source apportionment results from the two models are compared and the reasons for differences are qualitatively discussed for better understanding of PM2.5 sources.Additionally, the impact of air mass pathways on the PM2.5 mass was evaluated using air mass trajectories calculated with the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) backward trajectory model. Source contributions to PM2.5 collected during the four air mass patterns and two event periods were calculated with the CMB model and analyzed. Results of source apportionment revealed that the contribution of diesel traffic exhaust (47.0%) in stagnant conditions (S) was much higher than the average contribution of diesel vehicle exhaust (33.4%) during the sampling period. During Asian dust (AD) periods when the air mass passed over the Korean peninsula, Asian dust and secondary organic carbon accounted for 25.2 and 23.0% of the PM2.5 mass, respectively, whereas Asian dust contributed only 10.8% to the PM2.5 mass during the AD event when the air mass passed over the Yellow Sea. The contribution of biomass burning to the PM2.5 mass during the biomass burning (BB) event equaled 63.8%. 相似文献