‘Evolution of a Storm-driven Cloudy Boundary Layer in the Arctic’

To investigate the processes of development and maintenance of low-level clouds during major synoptic events, the cloudy boundary layer under stormy conditions during the summertime Arctic has been studied using observations from the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment and large-eddy simulations (LES). On 29 July 1998, a stable Arctic cloudy boundary-layer event was observed after the passage of a synoptic low pressure system. The local dynamic and thermodynamic structure of the boundary layer was determined from aircraft measurements including the analysis of turbulence, cloud microphysics and radiative properties. After the upper cloud layer advected over the existing cloud layer, the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget indicated that the cloud layer below 200 m was maintained predominantly by shear production. Observations of longwave radiation showed that cloud-top cooling at the lower cloud top has been suppressed by radiative effects of the upper cloud layer. Our LES results demonstrate the importance of the combination of shear mixing near the surface and radiative cooling at the cloud top in the storm-driven cloudy boundary layer. Once the low-level cloud reaches a certain height, depending on the amount of cloud-top cooling, the two sources of TKE production begin to separate in space under continuous stormy conditions, suggesting one possible mechanism for the cloud layering. The sensitivity tests suggest that the storm-driven cloudy boundary layer is possibly switched to the shear-driven system due to the advection of upper clouds or to the buoyantly driven system due to the lack of wind shear. A comparison is made of this storm-driven boundary layer with the buoyantly driven boundary layer previously described in the literature.     

海洋混合层厚度对热带气旋结构和强度变化影响的数值试验

利用高分辨率大气模式WRF（Weather Research Forecast）耦合了简单的海洋混合层模式,设计了不同海洋初始混合层厚度条件下的数值试验,研究了不同混合层厚度对热带气旋（TC）结构和强度的影响。结果表明,当TC经过海洋混合层厚度较浅海域时,TC对应的海洋底层的冷水更易上翻,最冷中心区出现在TC大风中心右...     

Fault Geometry and Departure of Precursors From the Epicenter

Different tectonic elements may play different roles and their deformation styles and types of anomalies are also different in the process of deformation.Such differences may be the cause of the phenomena of the departure from the region with obvious anomalies from the coming epicenter,which are called "departure of precursors from epicenter." From some new experimental and numerical modeling results,five types of deformation elements are identified according to their roles in the process of deformation in a region.They are the brake(or locked),slip,yield,sensitive,and valve elements.Spatial distribution of different elements,especially sensitive and slip elements,are discussed by taking the bend fault,extension,compression,and complex en-echelon faults as examples.These elements with different roles may overlap each other in some cases or be separated in other cases.It is obvious that for different fault geometry,the spatial layout of these elements is different and thus the position and style of possi     

Response of salinity distribution around the Yellow River mouth to abrupt changes in river discharge

To investigate how salinity changes with abrupt increases and decreases in river discharge, three surveys were conducted along six sections around the Yellow River mouth before, during and after a water regulation event during which the river discharge was increased from ∼200 to >3000 m³ s⁻¹ for the first 3 days, was maintained at >3000 m³ s⁻¹ for the next 9 days and was decreased to <1000 m³ s⁻¹ for the final 4 days. The mean salinity in the Yellow River estuary area during the event varied ∼1.21, which is much larger than its seasonal variation (∼0.50) and interannual variation (∼0.05). Before the event, a small plume was observed near the river mouth. During the event, the plume extended over 24 km offshore in the surface layer in the direction of river water outflow. After the event, the plume diminished in size but remained larger than before the event. The downstream propagation of the plume (as in a Kelvin wave sense) was apparent in the bottom layer during the second survey and in both the surface and bottom layers during the third survey. The plume sizes predicted by the formulas from theoretical studies are larger than those we observed, indicating that factors neglected by theoretical studies such as the temporal variation in river discharge and vertical mixing in the sea could be very important for plume evolution. In addition to the horizontal variation of the plume, we also observed the penetration of freshwater from the surface layer into the bottom layer. A comparison of two vertical processes, wind mixing and tidal mixing, suggests that the impact of wind mixing may be comparable with that of tidal mixing in the area close to the river mouth and may be dominant over offshore areas. The change in Kelvin number indicates an alteration of plume dynamics due to the abrupt change in river discharge during the water regulation event.     

基于聚类经验模态分解（EEMD）的汶川MS8.0强震动记录时频特性分析

在2008年5月12日汶川MS8.0地震中,四川数字强震台网共获取了133组三分向加速度记录. 本文选取了一些不同断层距的台站所获取的强震动记录进行了处理和分析．在数据处理中,采用基于聚类经验模态分解（EEMD）提取信号时频特性的方法,有效获得了信号能量的时频分布,提取了中心频率、 Hilbert能量、最大振幅对应的时频等特性,并与傅里叶变换、小波变换进行了对比研究．研究结果表明, 对非线性的强震记录采用聚类经验模态分解（EEMD）能抑制经验模态分解（EMD）中存在的模态混叠问题;与傅里叶变换和小波变换相比发现, HHT边际谱在低频处幅值高于傅里叶谱;与小波变换受到所选取的母波强烈影响不同, HHT直接从强震记录中分离出固有模态函数（IMF）,更能反映出原始数据的固有特性, Hilbert谱反映出大部分能量都集中在一定的时间和频率范围内,而小波谱的能量却在频率范围内分布较为广泛．因此,基于EEMD的HHT在客观性和分辨率方面都具有明显的优越性,能提取到更多强震加速度记录的时频特性．      

基于Hyperion数据的太湖水体叶绿素a浓度遥感估算

通过对2004年8月19日太湖Hyperion高光谱遥感数据的处理和分析,文章首先采用比值和一阶微分处理技术进行了叶绿素a浓度的估算．为了弥补此两种方法在模型的适用性和通用性方面的不足,本文尝试了利用混合光谱分析模型进行太湖水体叶绿素a浓度的提取和成图．实验结果说明高光谱遥感数据Hyperion可以进行水体叶绿素a浓度的监测,并且作为高光谱处理技术之一的混合光谱分析技术是水体叶绿素a浓度估算的另一条佳径．     

用氢氧稳定同位素评价闽江河口区地下水输入

通过分析闽江河口区降水、地表水和地下水的氢氧稳定同位素特征,揭示降水的环境同位素效应和地下水的形成演化规律,定量评价河口区多种水体的混合过程及地下水输入量。夏季的降水氢氧同位素组成相对贫化,呈现出降雨量效应。在δ18O与δD关系图上,闽江北岸基岩裂隙水、平原及丘陵区浅层地下水均落在福州降水线上,而南岸平原及丘陵区浅层地下水大部分落在福州降水线右下方,其拟合线与降水线交点与5~9月农灌期降水氢氧同位素加权值接近,表明北岸地下水主要来自降水补给,而南岸地下水同时接受灌溉水和降水补给,并在入渗过程中经历了不同程度的蒸发作用。闽江河口段除接受两岸地下水补给外,局部河段还接受断裂带裂隙水补给。将线性端元混合模型、数字高程模型和地下水文分析法结合起来定量评价地下水的输入和各水体的混合过程,结果显示,在河口段淡水区,地下水混合比率上限为8.8%,其中包括0.4%的断裂带裂隙水;在河口段淡咸水混合区,淡水(河水、地下水)和海水的混合比为53:47,其中地下水的保守混合比率为1.7%;枯水期闽江河口段地下水保守输入量为87.0 m3/s,是闽江径流量的12.8%。     

国外河口表面锋机制研究概述

回顾了国外河口锋面研究的最新成果,阐述了河口羽状锋、河口潮汐混合锋和河口切变锋的动力机制.河口羽状锋的机制研究以Garvine等人的观点最为特出.河口潮汐混合锋是由河口垂向环流中水体密度梯度所引起.河口切变锋是由滩槽流速切变引起的.     

广西米场花岗岩及其暗色微粒包体的地球化学特征和成因分析

本文对博白-岑溪断裂带西南段的米场黑云母花岗岩体及其包体进行了岩石学和地球化学研究.结果表明,米场黑云母花岗岩体暗色包体广泛分布,暗色包体中发育有碱性长石斑晶、暗色镶边的眼球状石英、针状磷灰石和包裹有内环带的斜长石等.寄主岩及暗色包体两者都为准铝质、高钾钙碱性系列岩石,其主要氧化物含量在Harker图解中多呈直线变异趋...     

河南永城某商住楼基坑支护方案的设计及应用效果

河南永城市东城区是一个新建城区,高层建筑日益增多,但该市缺少基坑支护设计实例资料。介绍了某商住楼基坑排桩＋深搅桩的支护结构方案及其设计计算过程,总结了其支护效果,为该市基坑方案设计提供了一个。成功范例。