The biaxial compression mechanical properties of crushed rock

Crushed rock subgrade, as one of the roadbed-cooling methods, has been widely used in the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. Much attention has been paid on the cooling effect of crushed rock; however, the mechanical properties of crushed rock are somehow neglected. Based on the discrete element method, biaxial compression test condition for crushed rock is compiled in FISH language in PFC^2D, and the natural shape of crushed rock is simulated with super particle "cluster". The effect of particle size, crushed rock strength and confining pressure level on overall mechanical properties of the crushed rock aggregate are respectively analyzed. Results show that crushed rock of large particle size plays an essential framework role, which is mainly responsible for the deformation of crushed rock aggregate. The strength of gravel has a great influence on overall mechanical properties which means that strength attenuation caused by the freeze thaw cycles cannot be ignored. The stress-strain curves can be divided into two stages including shear contraction and shear expansion at different confining pressures.     

基于充分浮力理论的有效应力原理公式推导

有效应力原理奠定了土力学的基础,具有十分重要的地位,而学术界对有效应力原理的推导过程争论较多。为揭示有效应力原理所蕴含的物理力学本质,阐明基本概念、澄清认识上的误区,以饱和土体为研究对象,通过“充分浮力作用”的概念,从一个新的角度推导了土体在自重和外载作用下有效应力原理公式的得出过程,分析了“忽略颗粒接触面积从而推得有效应力原理公式”这一公认方法的不妥之处;根据有效应力原理的本质,提出了一个关于饱和岩石、混凝土有效应力原理的简明修正方法,通过该修正方法得出的有效应力公式与前人的研究成果有较好的吻合。     

天津地热流体中的沉积物成分分析

地热流体在利用过程中,可在过滤装置、管道、井管、井口、回灌井的滤水管等多个环节形成多种成分的沉积物:包括岩屑的机械沉积和地热流体中过饱和矿物的化学沉淀。本文对天津地区地热利用过程中不同部位沉积物的矿物成分分别取样,利用SEM或XRD方法进行矿物鉴定,结果表明各部位的沉积物成分不尽相同。利用多年积累的数据,对地热流体的赋存条件、多种矿物的SI值模拟及沉积原因进行了分析,研究了不同部位沉积物的来源及其形成机制。结合地热利用系统及成井工艺的综合分析,阐述了沉积物的防治措施及目前尚难避免的沉积环节。     

基于Mindlin解的压力型锚杆锚固段的受力分析

假设锚杆为与周围介质相同的材料,视锚杆作用的岩土体为弹性半空间位移体;基于Mindlin位移解,求出集中力作用下周围岩土体沿锚固体的轴向位移;根据压力型锚杆锚固段的受力状态,计算锚固体在轴向荷载作用下压缩变形,利用锚固体与周围岩土体变形协调假定,推导出锚固段轴向应力和剪应力分布的理论解。经过与已有现场试验实测数据对比分析,验证了理论解的可行性,并在此基础上讨论了相关岩土参数对锚固段轴向应力和剪应力的影响。锚杆现场试验和理论分析结果表明:压力型锚杆的锚固段所受轴向应力和剪应力与锚固力成正比;压力型锚杆的锚固段所受剪应力的分布形式受周围岩土体弹模、泊松比以及锚固体与周围岩土体界面的内摩擦角等因素的影响。其中周围岩土体的弹模影响最大。     

A New Formation Mechanism of Coesite without the Plate Deeply-Subduction and Fast-Exhumation——Comment on the Article “Discussion on Some Problems of Quartz-Coesite Phase Transition”

本文分析评论了嵇少丞等(2010)发表的“石英—柯石英相变研究中若干问题讨论”一文.指出他们对柯石英非俯冲折返新机制的一些误解,对某些热力学、物理学概念,及其在地学问题中的解释理解的不同.分析了机械球磨的作用机制;论证了机械球磨作用本质与构造挤压剪切作用本质的同一性.分析了岩石糜棱岩化过程的两个阶段;讨论了地震波形成柯石英机制的可能性.围绕比较标准问题,论证了高能机械球磨(预处理)能大大降低α-石英转变成柯石英的压力、温度和合成时间,促进柯石英的形成.用小尺度不均匀局域高压微区模型解释了人工合成柯石英的规律性、南极洲天然矿物的行为,柯石英的寄生矿物、岩石——锆石、榴辉岩包裹体、非包裹体的形成.列举事例澄清了“球磨引进的Fe杂质提高柯石英形成压力迟缓合成”的说法;讨论了第二相存在对石英—柯石英转变的影响和“应变禁区”边界区的应力梯度相变驱动力可以形成柯石英问题.指出了机械球磨石英原料预处理和静高压合成柯石英后处理两步法,是一种实验室研究柯石英形成规律的有效物理方法;小尺度不均匀局域高压微区模型和无需板块深俯冲快折返的柯石英形成机制,是一种有希望的柯石英形成新机制.     

一种非板块深俯冲快折返的柯石英形成新机制——评析“石英—柯石英相变研究中若干问题讨论”一文

本文分析评论了嵇少丞等(2010)发表的"石英—柯石英相变研究中若干问题讨论"一文。指出他们对柯石英非俯冲折返新机制的一些误解,对某些热力学、物理学概念,及其在地学问题中的解释理解的不同。分析了机械球磨的作用机制;论证了机械球磨作用本质与构造挤压剪切作用本质的同一性。分析了岩石糜棱岩化过程的两个阶段;讨论了地震波形成柯石英机制的可能性。围绕比较标准问题,论证了高能机械球磨(预处理)能大大降低α-石英转变成柯石英的压力、温度和合成时间,促进柯石英的形成。用小尺度不均匀局域高压微区模型解释了人工合成柯石英的规律性、南极洲天然矿物的行为,柯石英的寄生矿物、岩石——锆石、榴辉岩包裹体、非包裹体的形成。列举事例澄清了"球磨引进的Fe杂质提高柯石英形成压力迟缓合成"的说法;讨论了第二相存在对石英—柯石英转变的影响和"应变禁区"边界区的应力梯度相变驱动力可以形成柯石英问题。指出了机械球磨石英原料预处理和静高压合成柯石英后处理两步法,是一种实验室研究柯石英形成规律的有效物理方法;小尺度不均匀局域高压微区模型和无需板块深俯冲快折返的柯石英形成机制,是一种有希望的柯石英形成新机制。     

Petrogenesis of the Piqiang mafic-ultramafic layered intrusion and associated Fe-Ti-V oxide deposit in Tarim Large Igneous Province,NW China

ABSTRACT

The Piqiang intrusion is one of the two important ma?c-ultrama?c layered intrusions that host giant Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in the Permian Tarim Large Igneous Province, NW China. The intrusion mainly consists of gabbro, anorthosite and minor plagioclase-bearing clinopyroxenite in the marginal zone. Disseminated to massive Fe-Ti oxide ores occur as layers and lenses within the gabbro. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb results from both a gabbro from the Piqiang intrusion and a granite from the surrounding granitic dyke yield ages of ~270 Ma. Geochemically, the Piqiang silicate rocks are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE), moderately depleted in high ?eld strength elements (HFSE), and have a limited range of Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions. The similar mineralogy, mineral compositions, and trace element characteristics of the layered units suggest that all the rocks are co-magmatic. The parental magma is Fe-Ti-rich and is akin to the most primitive diabasic dyke which is associated with the Piqiang intrusion. Partial melting of the Tarim mantle plume with involvement of a subduction-metasomatized lithospheric mantle source best explains the geochemistry and petrogenesis of the parental magmas of the Piqiang intrusion. We propose that the lithospheric mantle source may have been metasomatized by subduction-related materials and the metasomatic enrichment of this source region which may be correlated with oceanic sediment recycling during southward subduction of the South Tianshan oceanic slab during the Early-Middle Paleozoic. Crystal settling and mechanical sorting is the predominant process responsible for the formation of the massive Fe-Ti oxide ores in the Piqiang intrusion. Central to ore formation is a combination of the protracted differentiation history of a Fe-Ti-enriched parental magma and the later addition of external H₂O from the country rocks to the slowly cooling magma chamber.     

侧限压缩下砂土的细观力学特性及其形态分析

本文基于室内固结试验,自行设计加工了土体受到轴向压力和侧限条件时,对土的细观结构进行观测的细观结构观测固结仪.通过对中砂半模固结仪试验的宏观变形场分析选择了细观特征观测点,发现中砂的位移场类似于抛物线形,位移量最大区总是发生在上透水石的底面中心处;利用MiFas图像软件对中砂压缩过程中的显微图像进行处理,分析了中砂试样...     

超压对碎屑岩机械压实作用的抑制与孔隙度预测

为了研究超压对碎屑岩储层机械压实作用的抑制作用和预测超压背景下碎屑岩储层的孔隙度,本文根据压力平衡原理,推导了地层超压与有效埋深的关系方程,并在综合考虑超压、溶蚀和胶结作用的基础上,建立了超压背景下储层孔隙度的预测模型。结果表明,盆地中地层的密度越小,超压对碎屑岩储层机械压实的抑制效果越明显。三个不同时代、不同类型沉积盆地的孔隙度预测结果表明,应用本文建立的储层孔隙度预测模型所预测储层孔隙度的误差均低于Gluyas和Cade方程,而且孔隙度预测的误差随地层时代的变老而增大。在储层胶结物小于10%的条件下,新生代超压盆地碎屑岩储层孔隙度的预测误差小于2%,而中生代超压盆地储层孔隙度的预测误差大于5%。本文建立的超压背景下的碎屑岩储层孔隙度预测模型仅适用于时代较新超压盆地的孔隙度预测。     

陕北三叠纪煤田蟠龙至高家屯勘查区5号煤层顶板工程地质特征

研究区5号煤层位于三叠系瓦窑堡组第四段上部,煤层直接顶以泥岩、砂质泥岩为主,老顶以粉砂岩、泥岩和细粒砂岩为主,从岩性分布来看,总体呈现出向上变粗的沉积层序,对应的顶板类型为下软上硬型.进一步分析其岩石力学性质、测井曲线与岩体质量指标,参考岩层厚度、层理及裂隙等,综合分析确定该区5号煤层顶板属基本稳定型.该研究为煤矿的安全生产提供了技术支持.