螺旋桩基础抗拔试验研究

异型的桩体几何形式增加了抗拔螺旋桩的桩土相互作用复杂性,抗拔试验研究有利于了解螺旋桩基础的承载机制和影响因素。通过16次原型桩抗拔试验,实测了单桩上拔荷载-位移曲线（U-Z曲线）,该曲线表现出多拐点、渐进型特点,采用单位荷载的桩顶位移变化率、桩顶位移增量以及结合地基变形特征的方法判定了3种桩型的抗拔极限荷载。用U-Z曲线、lgU-Z曲线和P/Pu-Z曲线初步分析了桩体埋深、深宽比、首层叶片埋置深度以及叶片距宽比等参数对螺旋桩基础抗拔承载性状的影响。试验表明,抗拔螺旋桩的埋深、首层叶片埋置深度和叶片距宽比存在临界点,影响桩土的工作性状和破坏模式。     

Study of a model for correcting the effects of horizontal advection on surface fluxes measurement based on remote sensing

As well known, the methods of remote sensing and Bowen Ratio for retrieving surface flux are based on energy balance closure; however, in most cases, surface energy observed in experiment is lack of closure. There are two main causes for this: one is from the errors of the observation devices and the differences of their observational scale; the other lies in the effect of horizontal advection on the surface flux measurement. Therefore, it is very important to estimate the effects of horizontal advection quantitatively. Based on the local advection theory and the surface experiment, a model has been proposed for correcting the effect of horizontal advection on surface flux measurement, in which the relationship between the fetch of the measurement and pixel size for remote sensed data was considered. By means of numerical simulations, the sensitivities of the main parameters in the model and the scaling problems of horizontal advection were analyzed. At last, by using the observational data acquired in agricultural field with relatively homogeneous surface, the model was validated.     

辽西医巫闾山地区中生代两期韧性变形的研究

医巫闾山地区的韧性剪切构造是中生代两期韧性变形作用的产物。早期韧性变形中a线理发育,线理走向和糜棱面理走向基本一致,线理在xy面上的侧伏角绝大多数<30°;该期韧性变形是以左行走滑运动为主。晚期韧性变形中a线理发育,线理倾伏向和糜棱岩中糜棱面理倾向相近,线理在xy面上侧伏角主要在45°～90°之间;该期韧性变形是伸展作用的产物。医巫闾山中生代两期韧性剪切变形作用表明,在侏罗纪至早白垩世期间辽西地区不仅发生了强烈挤压推覆作用和伸展作用,也发生了大规模左行走滑作用。该韧性变形作用的发现对进一步研究辽西中生代的构造演化序列、期次和构造格架转换等问题有重要意义。     

Interaction among fractures and stress field computation of fracture systems

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Seismically induced landslide displacements: a predictive model

Newmark's model for predicting earthquake-induced landslide displacements provides a simple way to predict the coseismic displacements affecting a sliding mass subject to earthquake loading. In this model, seismic slope stability is measured in terms of critical acceleration, which depends on the mechanical soil properties, pore-pressure distribution, and slope geometry. The triggering seismic forces are investigated in terms of energy radiation from the source, propagation, and site effects, based on 190 accelerometric recordings from 17 Italian earthquakes with magnitudes between 4.5 and 6.8. The method is based on the calibration of relations having the general form of an attenuation law that relates the energy of the seismic forces to the dynamic shear resistances of the sliding mass to propagate the expected landslide displacements as an inverse function of the distance from the fault rupture; the amount of displacement computed through these relations provides a criterion to predict the occurrence of slope failures. Finally, maps showing, in a deterministic and a probabilistic way, the potential of seismically induced landslide displacements are displayed as a tool to provide seismic landslide scenarios and earthquake-induced landslide hazard maps, respectively.     

围岩内部多点位移量测的新方法

地下工程围岩内部多点位移量测一直是一种投资大且较为复杂的量测项目。利用收敛计进行围岩内部多点位移量测的方法 ,具有简单方便、投资少、精度高等优点 ,是一种非常实用的量测方法     

深海沉积物与履带相互作用试验研究

深海沉积物与履带相互作用的力学特性是深海资源采运设备设计的重要依据。在国内外专家调查、研究的基础上,以膨润土与水的混合物代替深海沉积物,将履带分解为压陷板和剪切板,在特制的试验槽内开展了沉积物的压力沉陷试验与剪切变形试验,得到了沉积物与履带相互作用的压力-沉陷关系曲线和剪应力-剪切位移关系曲线。基于Bekker沉陷模型,得到了模拟沉积物压力-沉陷模型的各个参数值;同时,发现模拟沉积物剪切变形过程具有明显的阶段性,具体可分为线弹性阶段、应变强化阶段、应变软化阶段和残余应力阶段     

三峡永久船闸中隔墩岩体变形分析

针对三峡永久船闸中隔墩变形监测资料所反映出的几种典型变形规律,采用有限元数值分析和工程地质条件分析等研究手段进行了深入细致的分析得出以下结论：中隔墩岩体水平位移值的波动是由于临槽的不同步开挖引起的;第二闸室至第三闸室首的中隔墩向北“一边倒”是因为南北闸室地应力的差异和结构面的存在;中隔墩沿深度方向水平位移数值发生突变的原因是结构面的存在。并为研究岩土工程变形监测资料中的“个性问题”（或称异常情况）提供了一种有益的借鉴。     

不同因素对排水沟渠水平冻胀力的影响

多年冻土地区的排水沟渠经常遭受水平冻胀力的破坏,严重影响构筑物的服役性能。根据青藏高原多年冻土区路基坡脚U型槽排水沟渠的现场试验,并通过数值计算与理论分析,分析了结构埋深、粗颗粒换填范围以及结构形式对其温度场和水平冻胀力的影响。结果表明：改变工况,对土体温度场分布的形状影响较小,仅对其大小有一定影响。不同工况下水平冻胀力均沿深度非均匀分布,最大水平冻胀力主要出现在结构中部,而其上部和下部较小,结构侧壁在1/2至1/3处易发生冻胀破坏。梯形结构所受的水平冻胀力较U型结构增大13%～15%左右,但其分布形式基本相同。因此,U型结构在降低水平冻胀力方面优于梯形结构。随着换填范围增大,排水沟渠的水平冻胀力最大值逐渐减小;对于埋深1.7 m的排水沟渠来说,其侧边的0～2.8 m是影响水平冻胀力的主要换填宽度范围,而当换填宽度超过2.8 m后,水平冻胀力几乎不再降低。     

主动与被动状态下墙体侧向位移近似计算

极限状态下墙体侧向位移对土压力计算和支挡结构设计影响显著。根据Rankine变形体和Coulomb刚塑体模型,将墙后土体变形分别当作单剪和直剪试验中试样的剪切过程,以达到极限剪切变形（剪应变或单位长度剪切位移）作为进入主被动状态标准,构建了土体变形与墙体位移的几何关系,提出了反映土体变形与强度特性,同时考虑静止时初始应力状态影响的墙体极限侧向位移近似计算模型。分析表明：土体极限剪切变形、滑移区范围、初始应力状态是影响墙体极限位移的核心要素,其中极限剪切变形占据主导作用,是导致不同颗粒组成及密实程度土体进入极限状态所需墙体位移差异显著的主要原因,而主被动区范围不同和因静止土压力系数 1引起的初始剪切变形,则是被动状态墙体位移远大于主动的关键因素;算例中主动与被动状态下墙体位移与墙高之比分别介于0.5‰～13.2‰和?0.4%～?5.2%,且主动状态下细粒土墙体位移大于粗粒土,计算结果与工程经验及相关文献模型试验基本一致。