内蒙古荒漠草原沙生针茅(Stipa glareosa)、碱韭(Allium polyrhizum)和骆驼蓬(Peganum harmala)叶形态性状对土壤水氮耦合的响应

研究降水和氮沉降对荒漠草原植物叶形态性状的影响,对于预测未来全球变化下荒漠草原植物的生态适应具有重要意义.对增减雨(±50％)和氮添加(10 g·m-2.a-1)及其交互作用对乌拉特荒漠草原区优势植物叶形态性状的影响研究结果表明:(1)沙生针茅(Stipa glareosa)、碱韭(Allium polyrhizum)...     

不同海域沉积物对尿素吸附的实验模拟研究

本文对采自渤海、黄海和东海3个典型海域的沉积物进行了尿素吸附/解吸的实验室模拟研究,用Freundlich吸附模型和Henry吸附模型分析了不同沉积物对尿素吸附的热力学特性,并研究了温度、沉积物粒径、有机质含量等因素对尿素在沉积物表面吸附的影响。结果表明,沉积物对尿素的吸附/解吸过程总体呈现3个阶段:快速吸附阶段（0~5 h）—慢速吸附阶段（5~12 h）—平衡阶段（12 h之后）。当水体中的尿素浓度较低时,沉积物解吸释放尿素,随着上覆水中尿素浓度逐渐增加,沉积物对上覆水中的尿素产生吸附行为,各海区沉积物对尿素的吸附能力由强至弱依次为渤海、东海、黄海,这可能与沉积物的类型有关。Freundlich方程和Henry方程均可模拟沉积物对尿素的吸附,温度、粒径以及沉积物中有机质含量等因素均对尿素在沉积物上的吸附产生影响,随着温度升高,尿素在沉积物上的吸附量变小,沉积物粒径越小,有机质含量越高,吸附尿素的能力越强,因此,揭示尿素在沉积物表面的环境行为时,必须考虑以上因素的影响。     

滇东昆阳磷矿成矿物质来源及其沉积环境

昆阳磷矿位于滇池西南部,为探讨该磷矿的成矿物质来源及其沉积环境,从岩相学和元素地球化学两方面对磷矿石展开了研究.研究结果显示,磷块岩矿石的主要矿物成分为胶磷矿,矿体w(P2 O5)平均含量为26.16％,磷块岩P2 O5含量由地表向地下沿倾向逐渐降低,酸不溶物含量逐渐增加,在垂直剖面上,矿区中部P2 O5含量相对上部和...     

MARINE SOURCE ROCKS AND THEIR DEPOSITIONAL CONDITIONS OF MESOZOIC—CENOZOIC IN THE GAMBA—TINGRE BASIN,SOUTH TIBET:ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL STUDY

MARINE SOURCE ROCKS AND THEIR DEPOSITIONAL CONDITIONS OF MESOZOIC—CENOZOIC IN THE GAMBA—TINGRE BASIN,SOUTH TIBET:ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL STUDY1　FuJiamo ,ShengGuoying ,XuJiayou,et.al.ApplicationofbiologicalmarkersintheassessmentofpaleoenvironmentsofChinesenon marinesediments[J] .OrganicGeochemistry ,1990 ,16 :76 9～ 779. 2　JenkynsHC .Cretaceousanoxicevents:fromcontinentstooceans[J] .JournaloftheGeologicalSociety ,1980 ,137:171～188. …     

民和盆地中侏罗统煤-油页岩层系生油特征

本文简要论述了民和盆地中侏罗统含煤及油页岩层系的生油特征，探讨了盆地独特的石油地质和地球化学条件。原油主要地化特征为:Ｐｒ/Ｐｈ比值偏高（２.６５-３.１５）、甾烷/藿烷比值极低（０.０３）、Ｃ_２７甾烷较丰富、Ｔｓ/Ｔｍ＞１低硫芴/氧芴比值、较高含量的Ｃ_２９降新藿烷及重排藿烷类化合物及相对丰富的长链联苯及烷基四氢萘系列化合物。中侏罗统煤－泥页岩层系含生油潜力明显不同的多类型油页岩，多数油页岩属由藻类和陆生高等植物母质组成的混合型有机质，沉积环境为淡水－微咸水弱氧化条件，其地化特征也表现为高Ｐｒ/Ｐｈ比值（平均为１。９８），低甾烷/藿烷及低硫芴/氧芴比值等特征。某些油页岩富含Ｃ_２９降新藿烷及重排藿烷系列化合物，它们应为主力源岩。油页岩多含再沉积型或沉积改造型有机质。异常地热作用对源岩演化及原油地化特征有重要影响。     

塔里木盆地三叠系烃源岩有机岩石学特征与生烃评价

应用现代有机岩石学方法，配合有机地球化学方法，通过对塔里木盆地三叠系烃源岩的研究，认识了一种较特殊的烃源岩类型，其生烃母质以菌解无定形体为主，不仅其实测镜质组反射率Ｒ°具有明显抑制作用，而且其生烃早，“液态窗”范围介于镜质组Ｒ°为０．４０％－０．９５％之间。这类烃源岩生烃潜力较强（相当于ⅡＢ型干酪根），实际上已进入成熟－成烃峰期阶段，并广泛分布于塔北轮南及其以南地区，预测展布面积达１．０－１．５万     

Lower palaeozoic and precambrian petroleum source rocks and the coalification path of alginite

Organic-rich samples derived from a Middle Cambrian Formation in the Georgina Basin, and from the Middle Proterozoic of the McArthur Basin in northern and central Australia, yielded alginite ranging from immature oil shale material to overmature residue. A maturation scale has been developed based on the thermal evolution of alginite as determined from reflectance and fluorescence. The coalification path of alginite is marked by jumps in contrast to the linear path of wood-derived vitrinite. Six zones have been recognised, ranging from undermature (zone I), through the mature (zones II/III), followed by a stable stage of no change (zone IV) to the overmature (zones V and VI). The onset of oil generation in alginite as evident from the present study is at 0.3% R_{o Alg.} and is expressed in a change of fluorescence from yellow to brown, and a coalification jump from 0.3 to 0.6% R_o of Alg. In many boreholes zone III can be distinguished between 0.6 and 0.8% R_o of Alg. where subsequent oil generation occurs. Zones II and III represent the oil window.A zone of little or no change designated zone IV, at of alginite follows zones II/III. A marked coalification jump characterises zone V, where a pronounced change in reflectance occurs to >1.0% R_{o Alg.}, signifying peak gas generation. The border of oil preservation lies at the transition of zone V and VI, at 1.6% R_{o Alg.} In zone VI gas generation only occurs.Comparison of reflectance results with experimental and geochemical pyrolysis data supports high activation energies for hydrocarbon generation from alginite, and therefore a later onset of oil generation than other liptinite macerals (i.e. cutinite, exinite, resinite) as well as a narrow oil window.Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirms that alginite does not go through a distinct intermediate stage but that the percentage of unreacted organic matter decreases as maturation proceeds. A clear distinction can be made in TEM between immature alginite, alginite after oil generation, and alginite residue following gas generation. Alginite beyond 1.6% R_o acquires very high densities and the appearance of inertinite in TEM.Bitumens/pyrobitumens make a pronounced contribution to the organic matter throughout the basins and have been shown to effect pyrolysis results by suppressing T_max. The bitumens/pyrobitumens have been divided into four groups, based on their reflectance and morphology, which in turn appears to be an expression of their genetic history. Their significance is in aiding the understanding of the basins' thermal history, and the timing of oil and gas generation.     

前寒武纪绿岩地体中金丰度与金成矿的关系

许多研究者认为,金丰度高的花岗岩和地层就是金矿床的矿源岩和矿源层.随着中子活化法和化学-光谱法的广泛应用,分析精度有了大幅度提高(可达0.01×10-9).大量的国内外资料表明:绿岩地体中变质岩的金丰度较低,平均为0.71×10-9~2.40×10-9,与金矿有关的花岗岩金丰度更低,平均只有0.62×10-9~1.20×10-9.因此,矿源岩和矿源层并不是人们所想像的那些特定的岩石或地层.所有岩石都可能成为矿源岩或矿源层.花岗岩和地层中金的丰度与金矿床之间不存在必然的联系,金成矿与使金活化、迁移和富集的各种成矿机理有关.     

地下越流排污工程实例及应用前景——以贵阳市金关片区地下越流排污工程为例

以贵阳市金关片区地下越流排污工程为例，充分利用水环境功能差异和有利的自然地理条件，采取地下隧道工程，改变污水流向，以达到饮用水源保护与经济协调发展的目标。