A new assessment model for evacuation vulnerability in urban areas

In the high-speed urbanization process of China, the urban population has been increasing significantly, leading to a high-density aggregation of population. However, the sharp increase in population density has not produced commensurate improvements in the road networks. On the contrary, the population increase induced a serious evacuation vulnerability, which cities experience during various hazards and catastrophic events. Therefore, research on evacuation vulnerability is important to urban planning. To assess the evacuation vulnerability, the optimal and worst scenarios should be considered because all possible evacuation plans occur between these extremes. However, most previous evacuation vulnerability studies are based on the worst-case scenario, only providing an upper bound of a potential evacuation assessment. To provide a more comprehensive theoretical basis for decision-makers to understand the consequences caused by all possible evacuations, this paper proposes an optimal evacuation vulnerability assessment model that provides the lower bound on potential evacuation difficulties. The model is solved by a stepwise spreading algorithm based on Graph Theory. Subsequently, to evaluate the effectiveness of the model, the study adopts the model to assess the evacuation capability of different road network topologies. A comparison with previous research was performed. The model was demonstrated in an application to the South Luogu Alley of Beijing, China. The significance of this paper is that the combination of our model with previous research may provide a more complete theoretical basis for an evacuation vulnerability assessment.     

浮基多体系统在波浪中展开的数值模拟

浮基多体系统在波浪中展开过程的顺序与快慢对系统的运动响应和连接处的力矩有较大影响。介绍了建立在齐次矩阵方法基础上的浮基多体系统时域运动求解,并对一具体浮基系统进行了建模和数值模拟,分析了上部机构以一定规律快速展开和慢速展开时系统的运动响应。结果表明,把齐次矩阵方法引入浮基多体系统的求解领域,其符号推导方便,运动学和动力学方程表达式变得相当简洁,而且编制程序也相对简便快捷。在相同波浪周期的情况下,多体系统的最大横摇角响应与波高正相关;在相同波高情况下,长周期的最大横摇响应要比短周期小;相对于波周期,波高对系统横摇响应的影响要大的多。     

Seismic Wave Propagation and Excitation in Multi-layered Media with Irregular Interfaces Part (Ⅰ): SH Case

Study of seismic wave excitation and propagation in laterally heterogeneous media was an active and important subject in seismology in the past two decades, numerous analytical and numerical efforts have been made in this research field. In this article, I have, first, made a brief review on those developments and then introduced and summarized a unified and efficient method, global generalized reflection-transmission (abbreviated to R/T thereafter) matrices method, for synthetic seismograms in multi-layered media with irregular interfaces developed by the author [24~26]. As demonstrated in this article, this method could be regarded as an extension of the generalized R/T coefficients method for the horizontally layered case [2,5] to the layered media with irregularly shaped interfaces by incorporating the T matrices technique [27,28]. Because of the use of a recursive scheme in computing the global generalized R/T matrices, this method is efficient, particularly for the case with a large number of irre     

匹配点分布密度约束下的基础矩阵估计

提出一种匹配点分布密度约束下的基础矩阵估计方法。该方法以传统RANSAC方法为基本框架,结合匹配点分布密度约束来选择内点集,并采用M-Estimators方法重新计算基础矩阵。通过模拟数据和真实图像实验表明,本文方法可有效提高基础矩阵的计算精度。     

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A New Reference Material for Tritium Organic Molecules in Sediment: Results of an International Intercomparison Exercise

Solid matrix ³H reference materials are challenging to prepare given the volatile nature of ³H and are often unrepresentative of the range of ³H forms that may be encountered during routine analysis. As a result, few ³H reference materials are currently available, undermining verification of analytical techniques for environmental ³H measurement. To address this, an International Working Group on Organically‐Bound Tritium Analysis determined to produce a tritium natural matrix reference material (NMRM). The reference material comprises marine sediment blended with sewage sludge contaminated with ³H‐organic species arising from authorised discharges from a radiopharmaceutical manufacturing site. Previous studies have demonstrated that the ³H species have persisted in the environment over three decades providing valuable supporting data to underpin the characterisation of the NMRM. The preparation and characterisation of the NMRM are described along with the subsequent application of the reference material in an international intercomparison exercise involving nineteen laboratories from nine countries. A reference value of 168 ± 22 Bq kg^?1 was derived from the data arising from the proficiency test.     

Fuzzy Optimum Model of Semi-Structural Decision for Lectotype Optimization of Offshore Platforms

In the process of concept design of offshore platforms, it is necessary to select the best from feasible alternatives through comparison and filter. The criterion set, used to evaluate and select the satisfying alternative, consists of many qualitative and quantitative factors. Therefore, the selection is a problem of multicriteria and semi- structural decision- making. Different from traditional methods in semi- structural decision- making, a new framework and methodology is presented in this paper for evaluation of offshore platform alternatives. First, the criterion set is established for the evaluation of alternatives. Next, the approach is studied to construct the relative membership degree matrix, in which both qualitative and quantitative factors are consistent with the uniform calculating standard. And then a new weight-assessing method is developed for calculation of the weights based on the relative membership degree matrix. Finally, a multi-hierarchy fuzzy optimum model is adopted to select t     

NWC通信台在电离层中激发电磁响应的时变特征

本文利用DEMETER卫星VLF频段电场和磁场频谱数据对DEMETER卫星运行期间2005年至2009年澳大利亚甚低频(Very Low Frequency)通信台NWC发射的通信信号造成的电离层电磁响应的日变化、季节变化及年变化特征进行了统计分析,统计结果表明电磁响应日变化显著,夜间电场强度明显增强可达40 dB,磁场变化略小也可为15 dB左右,而季节变化不显著,年变化主要受太阳活动的影响,太阳活动越强,电磁响应越小.为解释数据分析结果,对地-电离层电磁波传播过程采用传递矩阵方法进行了模拟计算,模拟结果与数据分析的结果一致.我们认为这种随时间变化的特点可能由250 km以下电离层电子密度分布特征导致,因此研究 250 km以下的电离层电子密度变化可能对寻找地震电离层电磁异常有重要意义.     

敦化大蒲柴河金矿区弱研磨性岩层的综合钻探技术

坚硬弱研磨性地层钻进效率低一直是敦化大蒲柴河金矿区钻探难题,通过投磨料、调整钻头技术参数等措施得到了一些改善,尤其是液动潜孔锤的成功应用,彻底解决了该矿区钻进效率低下难题;此外,对复杂坍塌、漏失、涌水不稳定地层采用重晶石粉加水泥灌注的技术措施,解决了孔壁严重垮塌问题。     

基于Householder矩阵和Butterworth滤波器组的反馈延迟网络人工混响

针对现有人工混响方法中反馈延迟网络方法存在延迟线的个数选择受限和无法设定子带混响时间的不足,本文设计了一种基于Householder反馈矩阵和Butterworth滤波器组的反馈延迟网络人工混响器.Householder反馈矩阵有助于最大化回声密度,延迟线个数的选择相对自由,Butterworth滤波器组便于设定子带混响时间.仿真实验中分别利用语谱图、语音质量感知评价和主观评价验证了本文方法的有效性.