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151.
152.
千岛岛弧地区属于全球地震活动最为活跃的地区之一. 本文利用哈佛大学测定的千岛岛弧地区地震的矩心矩张量(CMT)解, 分析该地区震源机制的一致性特征, 提出利用震源机制和构造应力场的一致性参数a进行地震预测的思路. 研究结果表明,MWge;7.5地震之前, 都有一致性参数a降低的现象,a的低值起始的时间在发生大震之前的10多天至110多天, a的低值截止的日期距大震在30多天至2天. 相互之间虽然并不完全一致, 但是差别不大. 这种现象的稳定性, 尚需时间的检验, 但是设想在长达数百公里的地区, 连续发生MWge;5.3的地震的震源机制都与构造应力场一致, 应当不是随机的现象, 而是一种具有预测意义的现象. 当积累的震例足够多时, 则有可能确定统一的评判标准和预测准则. 相似文献
153.
模糊数学分析方法在水环境评价中的应用 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文应用模糊数学原理,以淮河上游长台关站水质监测资料为依据,选择5个评价参数,用模糊概念进行推理,经过运算得出综合评价结果,与一般评价方法相比更接近客观。 相似文献
154.
The paper pertains to the analysis of piles embedded in liquefiable soils to predict its’ critical buckling load under partial
to full loss of lateral support over a portion of the pile length. The analysis is based on extension of Mindlin solution
for a point load acting inside a semi infinite elastic half space. Degenerated solutions obtained by using the developed method
compares very well with reported results. Parametric studies showed that the depth of liquefiable soil, degradation of soil
strength on liquefaction, slenderness ratio, pile stiffness factor and end conditions have significant influence on the buckling
behavior of the piles. 相似文献
155.
Jong-Chan Park Woohan Kim Tae Woong Chung Chang-Eob Baag Jin-Han Ree 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,169(3):1103-1114
We evaluate the stress field in and around the southern Korean Peninsula with focal mechanism solutions, using the data collected from 71 earthquakes ( ML = 1.9–5.2) between 1999 and 2004. For this, the hypocentres were relocated and well-constrained fault plane solutions were obtained from the data set of 1270 clear P -wave polarities and 46 SH / P amplitude ratios. The focal mechanism solutions indicate that the prevailing faulting types in South Korea are strike-slip-dominant-oblique-slip faultings with minor reverse-slip component. The maximum principal stresses (σ1 ) estimated from fault-slip inversion analysis of the focal mechanism solutions show a similar orientation with E–W trend (269°–275°) and low-angle plunge (10°–25°) for all tectonic provinces in South Korea, consistent with the E–W trending maximum horizontal stress (σHmax ) of the Amurian microplate reported from in situ stress measurements and earthquake focal mechanisms. The directions of the intermediate (σ2 ) and minimum (σ3 ) principal stresses of the Gyeongsang Basin are, however, about 90 deg off from those of the other tectonic provinces on a common σ2 –σ3 plane, suggesting a permutation of σ2 and σ3 . Our results incorporated with those from the kinematic studies of the Quaternary faults imply that NNW- to NE-striking faults (dextral strike-slip or oblique-slip with a reverse-slip component) are highly likely to generate earthquakes in South Korea. 相似文献
156.
It has been known for many years that dispersivity increases with solute travel distance in a subsurface environment. The increase of dispersivity with solute travel distance results from the significant variation of hydraulic properties of heterogeneous media and was identified in the literature as scale-dependent dispersion. This study presents an analytical solution for describing two-dimensional non-axisymmetrical solute transport in a radially convergent flow tracer test with scale-dependent dispersion. The power series technique coupling with the Laplace and finite Fourier cosine transform has been applied to yield the analytical solution to the two-dimensional, scale-dependent advection–dispersion equation in cylindrical coordinates with variable-dependent coefficients. Comparison between the breakthrough curves of the power series solution and the numerical solutions shows excellent agreement at different observation points and for various ranges of scale-related transport parameters of interest. The developed power series solution facilitates fast prediction of the breakthrough curves at any observation point. 相似文献
157.
This note presents a novel method for determining the changing composition of a multi-component NAPL body dissolving into moving groundwater, and the consequent changes in the aqueous phase solute concentrations in the surrounding pore water. A canonical system of coupled non-linear governing equations is derived which is suitable for representation of both pooled and residual configurations, and this is solved. Whereas previous authors have handled such problems numerically, it is shown that these governing equations succumb to analytical solution. By a suitable substitution, the equations become decoupled, and the problem collapses to a single first-order equation. The final result is expressed implicitly, with time as a function of the number of moles of the least soluble component, m1. The number of moles of each other component is expressed explicitly in terms of m1. It is shown that the time-m1 relationship has a well behaved inverse. An example is given in which the analytic solution is verified against traditional finite difference analysis, and its computational efficiency is shown. 相似文献
158.
The Henry formulation, which couples subsurface flow and salt transport via a variable-density flow formulation, can be used to evaluate the extent of sea water intrusion into coastal aquifers. The coupling gives rise to nontrivial flow patterns that are very different from those observed in inland aquifers. We investigate the influence of these flow patterns on the transport of conservative contaminants in a coastal aquifer. The flow is characterized by two dimensionless parameters: the Péclet number, which compares the relative effects of advective and dispersive transport mechanisms, and a coupling parameter, which describes the importance of the salt water boundary on the flow. We focus our attention on two regimes – low and intermediate Péclet number flows. Two transport scenarios are solved analytically by means of a perturbation analysis. The first, a natural attenuation scenario, describes the flushing of a contaminant from a coastal aquifer by clean fresh water, while the second, a contaminant spill scenario, considers an isolated point source. 相似文献
159.
A macroscopic transport model is developed, following the Taylor shear dispersion analysis procedure, for a 2D laminar shear flow between parallel plates possessing a constant specified concentration. This idealized geometry models flow with contaminant dissolution at pore-scale in a contaminant source zone and flow in a rock fracture with dissolving walls. We upscale a macroscopic transient transport model with effective transport coefficients of mean velocity, macroscopic dispersion, and first-order mass transfer rate. To validate the macroscopic model the mean concentration, covariance, and wall concentration gradient are compared to the results of numerical simulations of the advection–diffusion equation and the Graetz solution. Results indicate that in the presence of local-scale variations and constant concentration boundaries, the upscaled mean velocity and macrodispersion coefficient differ from those of the Taylor–Aris dispersion, and the mass transfer flux described by the first-order mass transfer model is larger than the diffusive mass flux from the constant wall. In addition, the upscaled first-order mass transfer coefficient in the macroscopic model depends only on the plate gap and diffusion coefficient. Therefore, the upscaled first-order mass transfer coefficient is independent of the mean velocity and travel distance, leading to a constant pore-scale Sherwood number of 12. By contrast, the effective Sherwood number determined by the diffusive mass flux is a function of the Peclet number for small Peclet number, and approaches a constant of 10.3 for large Peclet number. 相似文献
160.
利用水化学找铀,有成本低、效率高、速度快等特点,在寻找可地浸砂岩型铀矿也有明显的效果,但是在找铀过程中仅用水化学成份、氡含量、酸碱度和氧化还原电位等数值进行描述,说明它们与铀矿化的关系,这种单一因素不能综合反映与铀矿化的联系程度,以定量评价铀矿化与上述因素的关系,从而影响了水化学找矿的效果,通过模糊数学方法建立数学模型处理水化学数据,巳知可地浸砂岩型铀矿的特征值为参数进行定量评价未知区铀成矿的前景,使该方法成为今后铀矿预测中一种可靠有效的水文地质方法。 相似文献