浙江670地区断裂构造频率与铀矿化的关系

本文利用数理统计的方法对670地区断裂构造进行地质统计。发现富铀矿的产出，不仅与断裂构造的性质、规模、形态、发育程度、组合形式、复合特征及力学性质有关，而且与断裂构造的频率有密切关系。即某一频率出规范围有利于铀矿（床）化点的产出。为指导该地区近矿找矿提供信息。     

The surface of asteroid 951 Gaspra

I present new maps, photomosaics and geological interpretations of asteroid 951 Gaspra. Facets and limb concavities suggest a long history of large impacts producing 5 to 7 km diameter craters. Craters 1 to 4 km in diameter date the last facet-forming impact, though it is not clear which facet this formed. These craters are more numerous than previously thought because much of the area seen at high resolution seems to be depleted in these larger craters. Craters in that area probably date the last body-jolting impact. Linear features, probably the surface expressions of deep fractures, form at least two groups with different trends and probably different ages. Previously noted fresh and spectrally distinct materials are concentrated on ridges. One or two dark markings occur on a steep slope seen at high sun. Smooth materials, probably consisting of thicker or more mobile regolith than elsewhere, occur on steep slopes, usually on rotational leading surfaces.     

Emission-line CCD imaging of three southern symbiotic stars

Symbiotic stars that are strong radio sources and have cool dust emitting in the infrared are expected to have extended emission nebulae around them. In order to search for such emission nebulae, we have carried out CCD imaging of three symbiotic stars (R Aqr, RR Tel and H1-36) with narrow-band filters centred at the emission lines of [O III] λ5007, Hα λ6563, [N II] λ6584, [S II] λ6717 + 6731. RR Tel and H1-36 images do not show any extended nebulosities around them. The CCD image of the R Aqr nebulosity in the high excitation [O m] line is different from its image in Hα and the low excitation lines of [N II] and [S II] indicating ionization-stratification in the nebula. In H1-36 the optical nebulosity (if it exists) is smaller than ∽2 arcsec while the radio image size is known to be large (∽5 arcsec). This behaviour is opposite to that seen in R Aqr in which the radio emission comes from the core region of a much larger optical nebulosity. Interstellar and/or circumstellar extinctions are suggested to be responsible for this difference     

Hydro-morphological mapping of river reaches using videos captured with UAS

Unoccupied aerial systems (UASs) are frequently used in the field of fluvial geomorphology due to their capabilities for observing the continuum rather than single sample points. We introduce a (semi-)automatic workflow to measure river bathymetry and surface flow velocities of entire river reaches at high resolution, based on UAS videos and imagery. Video frame filtering improved the visibility of the riverbed using frame co-registration and averaging with a median filter. Subsequently, these video frames were incorporated with still images acquired by UASs into a structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry approach to reconstruct the camera poses (i.e. positions and orientations) and the 3D point cloud of the river reach. The heights of submerged points were further processed using small-angle and multi-view refraction correction approaches to account for the refraction impact. The flow velocity pattern of the river surface was measured using the estimated camera pose from SfM, the reconstructed bathymetric point cloud and the co-registered video frames in combination with image velocimetry analysis. Finally, discharge was estimated at selected cross-sections, considering the average surface velocity and the bathymetry. Three case studies were considered to assess the performance of the workflow under different environmental conditions. The studied river reaches spanned a length between 0.15 and 1 km. The bathymetry was reconstructed with average deviations to RTK-GNSS point measurements as low as 1 cm with a standard deviation of 6 cm. If frames were processed with the median filter, the number of underwater points increased by up to 21%. The image-based surface velocities revealed an average deviation to reference measurements between 0.05 and 0.08 m s⁻¹. The image-based discharge was estimated with deviations to ADCP references of up to 5%, however this was sensitive to errors in water-level retrieval. The output of our workflow can provide a valuable input to hydro-morphological models.     

Linkages between bedload displacements and topographic change

Changes in bed topography that build and maintain channel morphology are driven by the displacements of individual particles, either though their entrainment or deposition. However, the linkages between these topographic changes and individual grain displacements have not been comprehensively addressed, as many historical tracer studies have not included coincident topographic data. In this study, we compare the movements of bedload tracers to the differences in repeat topographic surveys across four gravel-bed river reaches. To do this, we apply a 1-D Bayesian survival process model to the starting and ending locations of tracers. This model estimates downstream trapping probabilities, which represent the likelihood that a given segment of channel will “trap” an entrained particle. We then adapt this model to estimate downstream trapping probabilities using digital elevation models of difference and compare the results. The estimates from the tracer and topographic trapping models showed general alignment, meaning that tracers were preferentially trapped in segments that experienced deposition along the channel. Thus, tracers in this study were able to identify downstream differences in bedload transport. The comparison also highlighted that tracer-estimated trapping probabilities were larger than topographically estimated ones. This supports previous observations that sediment travel distances estimated using tracers are shorter than those estimated using morphological methods. We find that the differences between these two estimates vary systematically across study environments. These variations are attributable to either study design (i.e., tracers being larger than the median size of the sediment that deforms the bed) or differences in compensating scour and fill. We explore potential causes for differences in compensating scour and fill, including hydrograph shape, sediment delivery regime, channel deformation style, and channel width, highlighting that morphodynamics needs to be considered in designing bedload tracer studies.     

桦甸市二调成果质量统计分析

文章运用实测数据和数理统计有关理论,对实验区的第二次土地调查成果进行实测验证,并通过计算和比较分析,得出客观的结果,为以后二调成果的应用提供了相应的依据。     

重力时变的数学逼近

研究了根据时域内离散的重复重力测量数据获取连续重力变化的方法。分析比较了多种不同的插值、拟合和滤波方法的优缺点 ,认为Akima样条插值法、正交多项式拟合法和卡尔曼滤波法对重力数据处理效果较好。以华北 6 3号相对重力点和香山绝对点为例给出了处理结果 ,并对三种方法的意义和适用范围进行了讨论。     

极地陆生植物3D形态数据库(3D MPP)

植物3D形态是植物的重要生理特征和存在形式。3D形态由于与植物的光合作用效率息息相关,因而对植物生长具有重要意义。将2014年在南极乔治王岛长城站附近采集的56份苔藓植物标本鉴定为4科6属6种及1变种。从每一种中选取一个代表性群落样品用REVscan 3D扫描仪进行高精度的激光扫描,共获取120 M 3D点云数据,987 429个点和1 700 380个面,重构出7个植物样本的表面3D模型。在此基础上,基于Java Web技术、开源数据库系统My SQL、第三方开源Web GL库Three.js、开源Web应用服务器Tomcat等构建了国内首个极地植物3D形态数据库(3dmpp.gznu.edu.cn),提供了3D渲染功能。通过本数据库用户可以方便地浏览和搜索已有的物种信息数据,并全方位地获取植物的3D表面信息。本数据库的建立为极地植物的3D形态信息提供了储存、展示与共享的平台,为不同植物间3D表面形态的比较研究提供了基础数据和工具,为保护极地植物,特别是濒危植物的全息信息资料提供了重要保障。     

Multi-technique approach to characterise the effects of cryopreservation on larval development of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

Cryopreservation experiments were conducted on D-stage larvae of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) to investigate the effects of two cryoprotectant solutions and three cooling rates on larval development from 1 to 22 days post-fertilisation. Cryoprotectant solutions were made up to final concentrations (after 1:1 dilution with larvae) of 10% ethylene glycol, 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone and either 0.2 or 0.4 M trehalose. Three cooling rates (0.5, 1 and 2 °C min^?1 between ?10 and ?35 °C post-holding) were tested in an orthogonal design with the two cryoprotectants. Results indicate that control larvae out-performed all cryopreservation treatments for survival, feeding consumption and shell length parameters. However, larvae exposed to 0.4 M trehalose did considerably better than those exposed to 0.2 M trehalose, regardless of cooling rate conditions. Scanning electron and light microscopy observations were used to assess larval morphology and organogenesis, indicating that treatments with surviving larvae were morphologically and developmentally similar to control larvae.     

Filling the gap: A 60 ky record of mixed carbonate-siliciclastic turbidite deposition from the Great Barrier Reef

Late Pleistocene to Holocene margin sedimentation on the Great Barrier Reef, a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic margin, has been explained by a transgressive shedding model. This model has challenged widely accepted sequence stratigraphic models in terms of the timing and type of sediment (i.e. carbonate vs. siliciclastic) deposited during sea-level oscillations. However, this model documents only hemipelagic sedimentation and the contribution of coarse-grained turbidite deposition, and the role of submarine canyons in this process, remain elusive on this archetypal margin. Here we present a new model of turbidite deposition for the last 60 ky in the north-eastern Australia margin. Using high-resolution bathymetry, 58 new and existing radiometric ages, and the composition of 81 turbidites from 15 piston cores, we found that the spatial and temporal variation of turbidites is controlled by the relationship between sea-level change and the variable physiography along the margin. Siliciclastic and mixed carbonate-siliciclastic turbidites were linked to canyons indenting the shelf-break and the well-developed shelf-edge reef barriers that stored sediment behind them. Turbidite deposition was sustained while the sea-level position allowed the connection and sediment bypassing through the inter-reef passages and canyons. Carbonate turbidites dominated in regions with more open conditions at the outer-shelf and where slope-confined canyons dominated or where canyons are generally less abundant. The turn-on and maintenance of carbonate production during sea-level fluctuations also influenced the timing of carbonate turbidite deposition. We show that a fundamental understanding of the variable physiography inherent to mixed carbonate-siliciclastic margins is essential to accurately interpret deep-water, coarse-grained deposition within a sequence stratigraphic context.