北京房山应急水源地地下水数值模拟及河流渗漏量预测

以北京房山岩溶水应急水源地为例,采用等效连续介质体概化地下水流系统,建立地下水流数值模型,评价地下水源汇项,分析地下水系统特征。运用MODFLOW中的河流（渠）子程序包,刻画地表河流和泉水与地下水的交换关系。经参数识别和验证,计算结果与实测数据拟合较好,能够比较准确的模拟水源地岩溶水系统。模拟和预测结果表明,水源地地区地下水与地表水联系密切,应急开采后,地下水系统由向河流排泄转变为河流渗漏补给地下水,可为应急水源地合理开发利用提供科学依据。     

伸展盆地构造演化的数值模拟——以南海北部白云凹陷为例

介绍了瞬时均匀拉伸模型、挠曲悬臂梁模型和多幕伸展模型,特别强调各种模型的基本假设和适用条件,以及基于这些模型发展出的二维正反演模拟和一维应变速率模拟的方法。这些方法在计算岩石圈伸展系数和盆地张裂的过程中,具有一定的优越性。在盆地的数值模拟中,有时需要综合运用多种数值模型来突破单个模型假设条件的约束。为了研究南海北部白云凹陷的裂后沉降特点,分别应用二维正反演和一维应变速率正反演方法计算岩石圈的伸展系数,并计算理论热沉降,与实测裂后沉降进行对比。模拟结果表明,白云凹陷岩石圈的伸展系数大致呈钟形分布,在凹陷中心处最大,大约为3.5;凹陷的实测裂后沉降远大于理论值,即存在裂后异常沉降,裂后期的异常沉降总量在凹陷中心和南部在2km以上。     

碳酸盐岩烃源岩判识与实践——以四川盆地为例

碳酸盐岩可以成为烃源岩,并为油气藏提供丰富的烃源,但不是所有碳酸盐岩都可以视为烃源岩。碳酸盐岩在成藏进程中,往往作为输导层或储集层,并常有外源有机质的干扰。碳酸盐岩烃源岩应该是有机质原生赋存(与矿物结合成为沉积的一部分),具有一定丰度值,在适宜的热成熟阶段,同样可以形成液态烃和气态烃。碳酸盐岩烃源岩发育于低能环境的沉积相——开阔海台地相、局限海台地相、生物泥丘相、斜坡相,等等。泥质泥晶灰岩,生物泥—粒泥岩—泥粒岩微相,应该是碳酸盐岩烃源岩的主要岩类。碳酸盐岩烃源岩与油系泥质烃源岩比较,具有油窗凸显且高峰期前移、气态烃峰期不明显且有后延、液态烃产率高的特点。据对碳酸盐岩烃源潜量的评估,它在四川盆地烃源中占20%～25%,为油气成藏作出了重要贡献。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000788

This paper presents numerical investigation on the ore-forming fluid migration driven by tectonic deformation and thermally-induced buoyancy force in the Chanziping ore district in South China. A series of numerical scenarios are considered to examine the effect of meteoric water precipitation, the dip angle of the faults, unconformity surface, and thermal input on the ore genesis. Our computations reveal that the downward basinal fluid flow driven by extensional stress mixes with the upward basal fluid driven by the thermal input from depth at the junction of two faults at a temperature of about 200 C, triggering the precipitation of the Chanziping uranium deposit.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987110000320

The self-similar is a common phenomena arising in the field of geology.It has been shown that geochemical element data,mineral deposits,and spacial distribution conform to a fractal structure.A fractal distribution requires that the number of objects larger than a specified size have a power-law dependence on size.This paper shows that a number of distributions,including power-function,Pareto, lognormal,and Zipf,display fractal properties under certain conditions and that this may be used as the mathemat...     

海洋沉积地质过程模拟:性质与问题及前景

探讨了海洋沉积地质数值模拟的功能问题.地球科学研究以正演方法(以数值模拟为代表)和反演方法(以地层记录分析为代表)的结合为特征.数值模拟作为一种重要的研究工具,具有获得过程和机理分析结果、形成工作假说、指导现场观测和采样的作用.与此同时,在正反演交融中模型本身也得到了提高和完善.在海洋沉积地质领域,数值模拟在沉积物输运...     

The Monagas Fold-Thrust Belt of Eastern Venezuela. Part I: Structural and thermal modeling

The Eastern Venezuelan Basin (EVB) contains one of the largest hydrocarbon accumulations in the world. Main petroleum targets are buried structures of the Monagas Fold-Thrust Belt (MFTB) which forms the northeastern edge of the EVB. The objective of this study is to integrate the seismic and well data that has been acquired over the last 10 years across the MFTB and EVB, to create an updated structural model. Three regional cross sections 60-75 km long are presented across an area of 4000 km².Five structural domains are described: Amarilis, Furrial, Jusepín, Cotoperí and Pirital. They are characterized by thrusts and high-angle reverse faults. Structural style changes along strike are related to variations in depth of detachment levels and to the strike-slip component of the deformation. We have estimated a shortening between 43 and 59 km that increases eastward over a distance of 40 km.The evolution of the MFTB is divided in four episodes based on stratigraphic, structural and thermal maturity evidences: (1) Oligocene-early Miocene initial movement of Pirital thrust. (2) Early Miocene simultaneous movement on Pirital, Furrial and Cotoperí thrusts. (3) Middle Miocene increases in velocity and change in geometry of Pirital thrust, during an out of sequence period of thrusting. (4) Late Miocene to Holocene minor thrust activity. This evolution is consistent with the oblique convergence between the Caribbean and South American plates and the convergence between North and South America that affected Eastern Venezuela during the Cenozoic.By analyzing the along-strike variations in structural style, new exploratory opportunities have been identified. Under the Orocual and Santa Bárbara fields two untested duplex structures are proposed; they were developed during the middle Miocene. Other prospective hydrocarbon traps are associated to oblique transpressive faults that create anticline structures.     

A numerical study on the role of wind forcing,bottom topography,and nonhydrostacy in coastal upwelling

The responses of coastal upwelling to different magnitudes of wind stress over a narrow and a wide shelf are studied using a 3-D primitive equation numerical model. The results show that the position of the upwelling front depends on both the strength and the duration of the wind forcing. The comparison between different shelf widths shows that wide shelf will limit the cold water intrusion, so that the corresponding decrease in sea surface temperature is less compared to narrow shelves. Besides, the difference between hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic model results shows that nonhydrostatic effects will enhance the growth of surface meandering, and can be more pronounced near steep fronts. Although difference does exist, our results show that the nonhydrostatic effects are very small at least in this idealized study case.     

基于生态水文学的地下水资源管理研究——以延庆盆地为例

传统的地下水资源管理往往只关注地下水位的变化,而很少考虑变化的水位会对区域生态系统产生什么样的影响。本文在生态水文模拟的基础上提出了一种基于生态水文学的地下水资源管理新方法。该方法耦合土壤水分与地下水位,考虑植物在水分胁迫下的蒸腾抑制机理,通过土壤水分亏缺与植物水分胁迫耦合水文过程与植物响应,进行基于过程的分布式生态水...     

Small-scale ductile shear zones as transposed rheologically weak domains: A numerical modeling investigation and practical application

We test the hypothesis that small ductile shear zones are developed from initial rheologically weak domains. We regard weak domains as ellipsoidal inhomogeneities and apply Eshelby's formalism extended for power-law viscous materials to investigate the kinematics and finite strain evolution of the partitioned flow fields in weak domains. We show that, under an imposed bulk flow field, weak domains, regardless of their initial shapes and orientations, deform into zone-like features at relatively small bulk strains and the deformation paths inside weak domains have all characteristics expected in ductile shear zones. We apply our model to the Cap de Creus area Spain, where abundant small ductile shear zones exist. To relate the fabrics inside these shear zones with the regional deformation, we take a multi-scale approach. We assume that the area contained many weak domains which were randomly shaped and oriented initially and were deformed into shear zones eventually in response to the regional flow. We constrain the regional flow field by the fabric patterns across the area and compute numerically the partitioned flow fields in individual weak domains. The latter are related to fabrics inside shear zones. Our model reproduces first-order features of field-observed fabrics. Although the deformation path of each shear zone was close to simple shearing, the deformation of the whole belt was not. Our approach also resolves the strain compatibility problem for a finite-sized shear zone embedded in a far less deformed country rock.