The structure of urban space, movement and co-presence: The case of Atlanta

Urban areas in Atlanta are analyzed using a computer based technique known as ‘space syntax’ to reveal an underlying systematic and consistent relationship between pedestrian or vehicular movement and spatial configuration. This provides a framework for discussing how far different urban morphologies are characterized by similar regular patterns; how design choices can affect the social use of space; and how methodological and theoretical issues, such as the study of the effects of scale, can be formulated with greater clarity.     

古生物功能形态分形几何——以菊石缝合线为例

古生物功能形态与进化图谱具有分形特征，以菊石为例，应用分形几何学的观点对菊石缝合线的形态进行了定量描述，菊石缝合线具有分形结构，可以计算出分形维数，菊石缝合线在进化过程中其复杂性加剧，分形维数也相应加大，反映古生物为了对外部环境主动适应、扩大生存空间而改变自身功能的形态，揭示出生物系统表观的无序性和内在的规律性，以及古生物体内部各层次之间相互关系，古生物形态结构的分形给维数可作为定量研究古生物分类     

CATCHMENT-WIDE, SECTIONAL AND LOCAL ASPECTS IN SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODELLING AND MONITORING

1.INTRODUCTIONOVerthelastdecadesmuchprogresshasbeenmadeconcerningsedimenttransPOrtmodellingandmonitoring.Thedifferelltiationincatchmeflt-tvide,sectionalandlocalaspectsreflectsthefactthatmanysedimenttransportandpredictionmodelsaredealingwithspecialpartsofriverSystems,mainlydifferinginscale.Overthepastyears,scaleissuesinhydrologyhaverapidlyincreasedinimportance(BLoSCHL,1996).Onalargescaletheapplicationoffractals,self-similarityanalysistolandscapeorganizationandoptimalchannelnetlvorks(O…     

Psammophily in Namib Desert spiders

A community of psammophilous spiders was studied in the central Namib Desert. Of 20 species, 85% were cursorial. Complex setae, claws or keels facilitate digging, sweeping, carrying, and swimming in or walking on sand, while long spigots enable spiders to bind sand with silk when burrowing down to depths with amenable microclimate (10–120 cm). Sand is excavated either by sweeping it up an incline or carrying it vertically up. Other characteristics of dune spiders were large size, polyphagy, low metabolism, longevity, brood care and seasonal foraging and breeding patterns. The large, dominant heteropodid,Leucorchestris, may determine many characteristics of the Namib arthropod community.     

河流形态特征的分维计算方法

本文运用分形的基本定义及河系定律探讨了河长和河网结构的分维。海河水系河长的分维在１．０１－１．１４之间，河网的分维在１．５０－１．６９之间。     

黄土高原沟壑区传统村落的空间特征及其影响要素 ——以陕西省榆林市国家级传统村落为例

以地处黄土高原沟壑地区的榆林市国家级传统村落为例,利用GIS空间分析、形态指数、空间句法等空间分析方法,从宏观空间分布到个体形态特征,揭示地域环境与村落选址、形态生成及空间组织的内在关联性。结果表明:榆林市国家级传统村落呈现“西北稀疏、东南密集”的总体空间格局,纵观历史发展格局从东到西呈轴向集聚形态,存在沿山腰等高线、支流流向的分布特征;在地理环境限制下,传统村落外部边界形态主要为块状集聚、指状离散形态发展,空间集聚中心出现村落内部与村落边缘交通的差异化分布;通过地理、生态、气候和风水对村落空间组织的内在关联性进行分析,发现村落形态演化从生存适应性转向主动寻求发展,揭示了传统村落空间形成、组织、生长的内在逻辑。     

基于三角网滤波检验的KD树粗差剔除法

针对机载Li DAR点云数据的粗差剔除和滤波,直接关系到后续数据处理的精度,本文运用KD树组织数据建立三维索引,快速查找并计算目标点与k个最近邻点的平均距离,根据距离阈值判断并剔除粗差点。实验选取3种典型测区的点云数据进行实验,分别采用形态学粗差剔除法和本文粗差剔除法对3组点云数据进行粗差剔除,并采用渐进不规则三角网滤波法对原始点云数据及两种粗差剔除结果进行滤波,对结果进行对比分析。结果验证,本文方法能有效剔除点云粗差,提高后续滤波结果的精度。     

一种基于改进种子区域生长的农村房屋提取

利用遥感影像对房屋进行精确提取,可以为农村土地利用规划、居民点用地适宜性评价以及进一步开展居民点整治、快速提供基础地理空间数据等工作提供便利。以无人机影像为实验数据,本文利用一种基于改进的种子区域生长算法对房屋进行提取,该方法解决了传统算法的抗噪能力差以及需要事先确定种子数量和位置等问题。随后,运用阈值处理与数学形态学对分割结果进行进一步处理。实验结果表明,采用本文方法提取农村房屋精度较高。     

Charophyta: their use in paleolimnology

Charophyta are common algae in limnic waters from many regions and are an interesting group from an evolutionary point-of-view, as they are believed to be related to the Chlorophyceae and land plants. Paleontological-botanical systematics are discussed, taking into consideration some new advances. Charophytes live in all types of inland waters and are sensitive to ecological change, and so they are very useful paleolimnological markers. Gaps concerning gyrogonite morphology in extant taxa and their responses to different environmental conditions must be described. This paper discusses data concerning ecological factors affecting the distribution of Argentinian Charophyta (principally distributed between 30°S and 40°S), gyrogonite morphology related to different ecological conditions, and the way that Charophyta can modify the environment.This is the fifth in a series of papers published in this issue on Paleolimnology in Southern South America. Dr C. A. Fernández served as guest editor for these papers.     

数学形态学在地图模式识别中的应用

扫描数字化是 GIS中快速获取地理数据的手段之一 ,其关键是对扫描图上的地图要素进行自动识别。文中针对地图模式识别的关键技术之一图像分割进行了研究 ,利用数学形态学方法实现了地图上部分要素的分割