土体自重固结压缩对地面沉降影响研究

以南通市为例,建立了土体自重固结压缩、地下水开采与地面沉降三维全耦合模型.在对模型进行识别、验证的基础上,模拟预测了南通市在地下水停止开采,仅在土体自重固结压缩影响下,自2010年12月31日-2025年12月31日各含水层组地下水流场变化和地面沉降的发展趋势.结果表明,在此期间,南通市由土体自重固结压缩引起的最大地面沉降量为2.42 mm,最大地面沉降速率为0.16 mm/a,土体白重固结压缩对南通市地面沉降的影响极为有限.     

生态重要性视角下东北林区县域生态安全格局研究——以呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗为例

县域生态安全格局构建对于保障我国生态安全、优化县域生态空间格局具有重要意义。基于内蒙古呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗生态系统服务功能重要性评价结果,利用景观形态空间格局分析 （MSPA）模型识别生态核心区作为生态源地,基于生态阻力因子与生态威胁因子构建阻力栅格,运用电路理论识别生态廊道、夹点以及改善区,构建阿荣旗综合生态安全格局。结果表明：（1） 阿荣旗生态极重要区面积4181.66 km²,占全旗面积的37.80%,生态重要区面积2174.50 km²,占全旗面积的19.80%,阿荣旗整体生态系统服务功能重要性较高。（2） 生态源地共有33块,占地面积1141.00 km²,主要分布于旗域北部区域,其中乔木林地是生态源地主要用地类型。（3） 构建生态廊道共73条,其中关键廊道62条,潜在廊道11条,总面积为1884.80 km²,生态廊道网络化结构完整,呈“北密南疏”分布状态。（4） 共识别夹点区面积71.25 km²,提取重要夹点38个,一级改善区面积176.65 km²,主要分布于旗域南部;二级改善区面积887.12 km²,主要分布于旗域南部与西北部。对各景观生态要素进行总体规划,宏观上形成“一屏两区,一网多点”的生态安全格局,为国土空间格局优化提供了现实路径和科学指引。     

复杂背景下航拍图像的电力线自动提取算法

无人机对电力线巡检的关键问题是如何从复杂背景的航拍图像中准确地提取电力线。本文提出了一种基于二维变分模态分解 (2D-VMD) 提取电力线的新算法。首先对原始航拍图像进行预处理,加快数据处理速度;然后采用2D-VMD算法对预处理后的图像进行分解,通过改进后的点锐度算法,选取带有电力线特征的IMF分量图,并利用Roberts算子进行边缘检测;最后利用形态学改进的Hough变换,完成对电力线的提取。试验结果表明,本文方法比传统的Canny算子结合Hough变换方法、LSD方法、Roberts 算法结合形态学改进的Hough变换方法更具精确性、抗噪性、自动化。     

Evaluation of image analysis methods used for quantification of particle angularity

Angularity is an important parameter in the characterization of particle morphology that is used to interpret the transport history of particles in sedimentary deposits. In the past, visual classification using silhouette charts was widely used to determine particle angularity, but this approach is subjective and time‐consuming. With advances in modern image analysis techniques and low‐cost software packages, it is possible to rapidly quantify particle angularity more objectively than using visual classification methods. This study re‐examines the performance of three existing image analysis methods and one new image analysis procedure, applied to six rock and sediment samples that were visually different in angularity. To facilitate comparison between the angularity results, measurements were reduced to rankings for each aggregate sample. These results show that the four image analysis methods rank the angularity of the samples differently, and that none rank the mean angularity index in the same order as the angularity ranking using visual classification. Therefore, further research is needed to develop an image analysis method that can quantify the angularity of sedimentary particles more precisely.     

Spectro-morphology of galaxies

We present a quantitative method of classification of the multi-wavelength morphology of galaxies, elaborated from the nearby galaxies and usable to high redshift objects. We use the morphological parameters of concentration of light at the galaxy center and 180^°-rotationnal asymmetry, computed in several wavelengths, from ultraviolet (UV) to R band. The variation of these indices with λ reflects the proportion of young and old stellar populations in galaxies, that is characteristic of every morphological type: elliptical/lenticular, spiral and irregular. We need to elaborate some templates of these variation spectra from the study of nearby objects, for an application to distant galaxies. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Measurements of sea ice thickness and its subice morphology analysis using ice-penetration radar in the Arctic Ocean

1　IntroductionSeaice ,asanimportantcomponentoftheArcticclimatesystem ,hasdrawnsignifi cantscientificinterest.Seaicethicknessanditsmorphologyhavedramaticimpactsono cean atmosphere iceinteractions(Wadhams 1 994;Barryetal.1 993 ;Dickson 1 999;PadhamsandNorman 2 0 0 0 ) ,whichdirectlyaffecttheexchangeprocessandspeedofheatandmassbetweentheoceanandtheatmosphere ,dominatethephysicalmechanicsfea turesofseaice ,andaffecttheseaicemovement&deformationaswellasicefreezing&meltingprocess(Hollandetal.1 99…     

Dust Morphology Of The Inner Coma Of C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)

Dust continuum imaging of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) was carried out with the Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope (SVST)on La Palma in April, 1997. Images were reduced according to standard procedure, aligned, averaged, navigated and enhanced with azimuthal renormalization, rotational derivative, temporal derivative and unsharp masking processing. The rotational period of the nucleus was determined to 11.5 h and the mean projected dust outflow velocity to 0.41 km s⁻¹. Shell envelopes in the sunward side of the coma were separated by a projected distance of ∼15 000–20 000 km and spiralling inwards towards smaller radii in the direction of local evening. Small scale inhomogeneities of size 1 000–2 000 km, interpreted as correlated with variations in dust emission activity, were seen at radii ≤20 000 km. Two overlapping shell systems with a relative lag angle of ∼55° were evident at the time. The north pole of the nucleus was directed towards the Earth. The dust emission pattern is very complex and may be due to several active areas. The shape of the incomplete spiral shell pattern indicates that the angle between the line-of-sight and the rotational axis of the nucleus was not large. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

黔北早奥陶世疑难钙藻化石Nuia形态分类与钙化机制

Nuia是早奥陶世备受争议的一种疑难钙化微体化石,其分类位置长期以来因内部构造常被成岩作用破坏而未得到解决。本文在薄片镜下观察的基础上,结合拉曼光谱和扫描电镜分析技术,对黔北桐梓地区下奥陶统红花园组生物礁中的Nuia化石进行形态解剖分析并探讨其钙化机制。研究结果显示,Nuia由发射状丝状体(filaments)聚集而成的胶群体(colony)以及外围的钙化外鞘(calcified encrustation)组成,丝状体基部往往有异形胞和(或)厚壁孢子聚集成暗色的中央区。据此,Nuia 可能是蓝藻门念珠藻目胶须藻科(Rivulariaceae, Nostocales, Cyanophyta)的早期代表。通过类比现代蓝藻的钙化机制模型,Nuia 可能具有比较复杂的钙化过程：原植体通过二氧化碳聚集机制(carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms, CCMs)进行光合作用的过程中,碳酸盐颗粒首先在原始丝状体的基部胶鞘内沉淀形成黑色的中央区;随着藻丝的生长和假分枝的出现,丝状体的相应位置可形成反映季节变化的钙化带,显示为特殊的分层现象,藻丝生长停止后,藻体表面形成一层公共胶鞘,并经浸染作用和(或)结壳作用形成钙化外鞘;丝状体在早期成岩阶段受到重结晶作用而被交代为方解石纤维。此外,Nuia的中央区和公共胶鞘可能有细胞降解残留的有机大分子,限制了矿物晶体的快速生长,钙化过程中只形成细小的方解石矿物,因而在薄片中呈现出比围岩和钙化丝状体更深的颜色。     

地理国情普查在城市空间形态演变中的应用

以地理国情普查数据为基础,结合历史高分辨率遥感影像和规划成果数据,采用地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)空间叠置分析和形态指数测度方法,研究2004-2015年江门市主城区的空间形态演变规律。研究结果表明:(1)2004-2015年,江门市主城区的建设用地规模以低速度和低强度的模式平稳增长52.06 km²,增长幅度达到40.91%,总体发展方向为东北向。(2)2004-2015年,江门市主城区的城市发展模式先外扩后内充,城市形态先离散后聚集,城市边界先复杂后简单。(3)地理国情普查成果与多源规划耦合分析的结果不容乐观。虽然部分耦合指数还比较高,均达到70%以上,但是建设用地规划完成率还不到60%,用地指标留存的形势颇为严峻。