A FVCOM-based unstructured grid wave, current, sediment transport model, I. Model description and validation

An effort was made to couple FVCOM (a three-dimensional (3D),unstructured grid,Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model) and FVCOM-SWAVE (an unstructured grid,finite-volume surface wave model) for the study of nearshore ocean processes such as tides,circulation,storm surge,waves,sediment transport,and morphological evolution.The coupling between FVCOM and FVCOM-SWAVE was achieved through incorporating 3D radiation stress,wave-current-sediment-related bottom boundary layer,sea surface stress parameterizations,and morphology process.FVCOM also includes a 3D sediment transport module.With accurate fitting of irregular coastlines,the model provides a unique tool to study sediment dynamics in coastal ocean,estuaries,and wetlands where local geometries are characterized by inlets,islands,and intertidal marsh zones.The model was validated by two standard benchmark tests: 1) spectral waves approaching a mild sloping beach and 2) morphological changes of seabed in an idealized tidal inlet.In Test 1,model results were compared with both analytical solutions and laboratory experiments.A further comparison was also made with the structured grid Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS),which provides an insight into the performance of the two models with the same open boundary forcing.     

蒙古沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum)与其相关种的果实形态差异性分析

 在野外考察和实验室工作相结合的基础上,以沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)主要的分类学依据——果实形态为对象,研究了在分类学上具有争议的蒙古沙拐枣(C. mongolicum) 和其相关种[戈壁沙拐枣(C. gobicum)、甘肃沙拐枣(C. chinense）、小沙拐枣(C. pumilum）、阿拉善沙拐枣（C. alashanicum）、柴达木沙拐枣（C. zaidamense）、塔里木沙拐枣（C. roborowskii）]的分类学关系。其果实形状、果实长度、果实果宽、刺毛长度、两刺间距、两肋间距、瘦果形状、瘦果长度、瘦果宽度、每肋刺行数、果实大小,共11个果实性状指标都在不同居群间表现出不同程度的变异。果实性状在蒙古沙拐枣不同居群之间的差异均达到极显著,在蒙古沙拐枣及其相关种的各居群之间也达到极显著。果实性状聚类分析的结果表明,地理距离比较近的居群可聚为一支。蒙古沙拐枣和其相关种之间的果实性状平行呈现,形成复杂的多形交叉现象。基于以上的研究结果,建议将6个相关种归并于蒙古沙拐枣。     

复杂背景下航拍图像的电力线自动提取算法

无人机对电力线巡检的关键问题是如何从复杂背景的航拍图像中准确地提取电力线。本文提出了一种基于二维变分模态分解 (2D-VMD) 提取电力线的新算法。首先对原始航拍图像进行预处理,加快数据处理速度;然后采用2D-VMD算法对预处理后的图像进行分解,通过改进后的点锐度算法,选取带有电力线特征的IMF分量图,并利用Roberts算子进行边缘检测;最后利用形态学改进的Hough变换,完成对电力线的提取。试验结果表明,本文方法比传统的Canny算子结合Hough变换方法、LSD方法、Roberts 算法结合形态学改进的Hough变换方法更具精确性、抗噪性、自动化。     

Isolation and Characterization of Psychrophilic Algae in Boron Enriched Pond on Boron Deposit of Qinghai

正1 Introduction Cold environments on the planet occur in the Antarctic,the Arctic and high mountains which cover with ice and snow permanently.Microorganism adapted to cold habitats has been detected,but most of them were prokaryotes.(Morgan-Kiss et al,2006;jungbut et al,2012).Research on cold-adapted microorganism has     

土体自重固结压缩对地面沉降影响研究

以南通市为例,建立了土体自重固结压缩、地下水开采与地面沉降三维全耦合模型.在对模型进行识别、验证的基础上,模拟预测了南通市在地下水停止开采,仅在土体自重固结压缩影响下,自2010年12月31日-2025年12月31日各含水层组地下水流场变化和地面沉降的发展趋势.结果表明,在此期间,南通市由土体自重固结压缩引起的最大地面沉降量为2.42 mm,最大地面沉降速率为0.16 mm/a,土体白重固结压缩对南通市地面沉降的影响极为有限.     

珠江三角洲地区城镇化与生态韧性的耦合协调研究

Urban resilience is an emerging research topic of urban studies, and its essence is described by the ability of cities to resist, recover, and adapt to uncertain disturbances. This paper constructs a "Size-Density-Morphology" urban ecological resilience evaluation system, uses a coupling coordination degree model to measure the degree of coupling coordination between urbanization and ecological resilience in the Pearl River Delta from 2000 to 2015, and conducts an in-depth discussion on its spatiotemporal characteristics. The results show the following.(1) From 2000 to 2015, the urbanization level of cities in the study area generally increased while the level of ecological resilience declined. The coupling coordination degree between the two systems decreased from basic coordination to basic imbalance.(2) In terms of spatial distribution, the coupling coordination degree between urbanization and ecological resilience of cities presented a circular pattern that centered on the cities at the estuary of the Pearl River and increased toward the periphery.(3) Ecological resilience sub-systems played variable roles in the coupling coordination between urbanization and ecological resilience. Specifically, size resilience mainly played a reverse blocking role;the influence of morphology resilience was generally positive and continued to increase over time;the effect of density resilience was positive and continued to decline and further became negative after falling below zero. The main pathways for achieving coordinated and sustainable development of future urbanization and ecological resilience in the Pearl River Delta include: leading the coordinated development of regions with new urbanization, improving ecological resilience by strictly observing the three areas and three lines, adapting to ecological carrying capacity, and rationally arranging urban green spaces.     

生态重要性视角下东北林区县域生态安全格局研究——以呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗为例

县域生态安全格局构建对于保障我国生态安全、优化县域生态空间格局具有重要意义。基于内蒙古呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗生态系统服务功能重要性评价结果,利用景观形态空间格局分析 （MSPA）模型识别生态核心区作为生态源地,基于生态阻力因子与生态威胁因子构建阻力栅格,运用电路理论识别生态廊道、夹点以及改善区,构建阿荣旗综合生态安全格局。结果表明：（1） 阿荣旗生态极重要区面积4181.66 km²,占全旗面积的37.80%,生态重要区面积2174.50 km²,占全旗面积的19.80%,阿荣旗整体生态系统服务功能重要性较高。（2） 生态源地共有33块,占地面积1141.00 km²,主要分布于旗域北部区域,其中乔木林地是生态源地主要用地类型。（3） 构建生态廊道共73条,其中关键廊道62条,潜在廊道11条,总面积为1884.80 km²,生态廊道网络化结构完整,呈“北密南疏”分布状态。（4） 共识别夹点区面积71.25 km²,提取重要夹点38个,一级改善区面积176.65 km²,主要分布于旗域南部;二级改善区面积887.12 km²,主要分布于旗域南部与西北部。对各景观生态要素进行总体规划,宏观上形成“一屏两区,一网多点”的生态安全格局,为国土空间格局优化提供了现实路径和科学指引。     

斑石鲷消化系统形态学与组织学观察

为探明斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)消化系统的形态特征和组织学结构,助力斑石鲷的人工繁育及养殖技术研发,作者采用形态解剖学和组织学切片技术对斑石鲷消化系统进行了实验研究。研究发现斑石鲷的消化道共由6部分组成,从头至尾依次是口咽腔、食道、胃、幽门盲囊、小肠、直肠。斑石鲷的口咽腔内部空间大,颌齿内部彼此连接、外部愈合,呈现典型的鹦鹉喙状,咽齿呈扁平的圆盾状,于上下颌齿内侧上下对称分布,这样复合结构(喙状颌齿与圆盾状咽齿)使得斑石鲷能够轻易地碾碎甲壳动物的外壳,进而完成摄食。斑石鲷的食道短粗,黏膜层密布具纵褶,内部含有丰富的杯状细胞,能够协助斑石鲷吞咽食物。胃部呈典型的不对称V型,黏膜层下分布着密集的胃腺,幽门部拥有整个消化道最厚实的肌肉层,摄取的食物将在这里完成消化和分解。斑石鲷的小肠分为前肠、中肠、后肠3部分,管径大小逐次递减,黏膜层上肠绒毛的密度和长度也遵同样的规律,从结构可以推断出斑石鲷肠道吸收功能主要集中于前中肠。直肠管径与小肠前肠段接近,长度很短仅为小肠的1/7,相比小肠部分,肠绒毛更加稀疏,绒毛长度也更短,主要承担消化残留物的压缩排泄和水分与微量元素的重吸收,相对简单结构对应着相对简单的功能。     

2010—2020及影响因素分析年青岛海滩剖面稳定性

海滩的稳定性及其演变是砂质海滩研究的重要内容。在全球砂质海滩普遍遭受侵蚀的背景下,分析部分稳定海滩的特征和原因可以为海滩维护和科学管理提供重要参考。本文基于近 11 年 （2010—2020 年） 青岛第一、第三和石老人海水浴场共 8 条典型剖面的实地监测高程数据,对海滩滩肩宽度和单宽体积进行计算对比,研究表明,除石老人海水浴场一个剖面变化较大外,其他剖面的滩肩宽度只变化了 0~14 m,是 11 年前的 0%~23.3%;单宽体积变化了 8.5~46.5 m3,是 11 年前的1.0%~9.4%;海滩剖面垂向扰动范围一般在 30~60 cm 范围内。海滩存在局部小尺度淤积或侵蚀,剖面形态总体较为稳定。海平面变化、台风和风暴潮等自然因素是海岸轻微侵蚀或调整的重要影响因素,但对海滩的优化管理 （包括定期监测海滩、适度展开养护、制定完善的管理政策和加强执行力度等人为因素） 可以应对这些海滩变化,并且已成为近年来该研究海滩保持稳定的关键因素。