Abrupt axial variations along the slow to ultra-slow spreading centers of the northern North Fiji Basin (SW Pacific): Evidence for short wave heterogeneities in a back-arc mantle

This study presents results of surveys conducted along the slow to ultra-slow spreading axis of the Northern North Fiji Basin (NNFB), including the Hazel Holmes, Tripartite and South Pandora Ridges, and the newly discovered Futuna and North Cikobia spreading centers. Spreading segments along these axes display highly contrasted axial morphologies, ranging from a rift valley to a prominent axial high. In some places, abrupt inversions of topography are observed between neighboring segments. Detailed analyses of bathymetry and backscatter maps reveal that axial highs are spotted with numerous coalescent volcanoes forming features ranging from irregular terrains to well-organized ridges. The volcanic edifices are distributed over a wide neovolcanic zone, which corresponds to the axial relief, suggesting on important contribution of volcanism to the relief construction. Comparisons between various ridge-shaped segments reveal that axial volcano-tectonic patterns are directly related to the local magma production and delivery, in a context of tectonic extension related to plate divergence, and suggest that coalescent volcanoes are fed from multiples short-lived and unconnected magma lenses. In the competition between horizontal and vertical accretion of oceanic crust, the spreading centers of the NNFB represent a special case where lava production is locally high enough and spreading rate is low enough to allow prominent axial highs to develop. The along axis morphologic variability is related to intermittent volcanic activity that may result from rapid temporal and spatial variations in the distribution of upper mantle convection cells below accretion centers, superimposed on the regional thermal anomaly located under the whole basin.     

霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholerae)的细胞形态研究——活的非可培养状态细胞

使用透射电镜和萤光抗体染色，对处于可培养和活的非可培养状态的霍乱弧菌进行了细胞形态结构比较研究。结果表明：处于非可培养状态的霍乱菌细胞，体积明显地缩小，形态由弧形变成了球形，我们共观察了３８２个非可培养状态的细胞，发现它们的细胞壁都是完整的，即不是细菌－Ｌ型，在这些细胞中也都没发现芽孢结构     

The Black Band Disease of Atlantic Reef Corals.

Abstract. The cyanophyte (Cyanobaclerium) that causes black band disease of Atlantic reef corals is described under the name Phormidium corallyticum , new species (family Oscillatoriaceae) , and its generic placement is discussed from the standpoint of the GEITLERian (classical) and D rouet systems. Distinguishing characters include densely interwoven filaments that form a blackish mat and trichomes without significant cell wall constrictions, almost isodiametric cells (4.2 μm mean width, 4.0μm mean length) tapering end cells, and thin (0.1 μm or less) mucilaginous wall coating. Transmission electron microscopy shows typical cyanophyte cell walls, sheath, nucleoplasm, and cytoplasmic inclusions, but an unusual thylakoid of straight, and, as seen in cell cross section, radiating lamellae. The dark coloration is due to a high concentration of phycocyanin and some phycoerythrin. The species is similar to Oscillatoria (= Phormidium) submembranacea , which differs in several morphological features and does not infect coral tissue. It is concluded that Phormidium should be used for this and related species that have external mucilage but not the distinct sheath found in Lyngbya.     

毛蚶消化系统形态学、组织学与组织化学的研究

运用解剖学、组织学和组织化学方法对毛蚶（Scapharca subcrenata）消化系统的结构和功能进行了研究。结果表明：毛蚶消化系统由消化道和消化盲囊组成。消化道包括唇辩、口、食道、胃、晶杆囊、肠、直肠和肛门。除唇辩、晶杆囊外的消化管壁由内向外可分为四层：粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和外膜。粘膜层包括粘膜上皮和粘膜肌层。口腔和食道上皮为假复层纤毛柱状上皮，消化道其它部位的粘膜上皮都为单层纤毛柱状上皮。胃壁和肠壁的局部缺乏肌层。除口腔腹面的外膜为浆膜外，其余皆为纤维膜。消化盲囊为复管泡状腺，以导管与胃腔相通。腺上皮由胚性细胞（E-细胞）、纤维细胞（F-细胞）、吸收细胞（R-细胞）和分泌细胞（B-细胞）组成。在口、食道、胃、肠等部位的消化管腔存在着吞噬细胞。肠上皮和消化盲囊腺上皮有较强的碱性磷酸酶活性，胃上皮、肠上皮和消化盲囊腺上皮有较强的酸性磷酸酶活性。胃和肠的粘膜下层、消化盲囊腺上皮和结缔组织中含有钙和铁。     

几种鲈形目鱼类口腔齿的比较研究

对中国海洋大学鱼类标本室保存的部分鲈形目鱼类——鲷科 Sparidae,大眼鲷科 Priacan-thidae,科 Serranidae的几种鱼类的口腔齿进行了研究。结果显示 :科与大眼鲷科的前颌骨、齿骨、犁骨、腭骨、咽骨上都着生有形态较单一的口腔齿 ,但较小 ,不是很坚固 ;而鲷科的几种鱼类口腔齿都着生在前颌骨、齿骨、咽骨上 ,且较强硬 ,形态较多样 ,特别发达。本研究为 3种鱼类的进化关系提供了某些佐证。     

Relating coral species traits to environmental conditions in the Jakarta Bay/Pulau Seribu reef system, Indonesia

A key question in ecology is how biological traits of species determine their locations within an ecosystem. Identifying associations between species traits and environmental variables can help us to understand the causes of disturbance and predict whether species with given traits will persist under changing environmental conditions. To this end corals and environmental variables were sampled in 20 patch reefs of Pulau Seribu, located to the northwest of Jakarta, Indonesia. RLQ analysis, a multivariate ordination approach was subsequently used to relate species traits (colony shape, colony form, corallite size, reproductive mode and adaptive strategy) to environmental variables (e.g., heavy metal concentration in seawater and sediment, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and the cover of sand, dead coral, algae, sponges and soft corals). Using RLQ analysis, we identified environmental gradients associated with significant variation in species traits. Stress tolerant species with a massive morphology, meandroid shape and large corallites were associated with sites with a high abundance of algae and a relatively high concentration of potentially toxic heavy metals in seawater including Cu and Cd, whereas ruderal species and species with a branching morphology and very small corallites were linked to midshore sites. Competitively dominant species with a laminar or free-living morphology, phaceloid shape, very large corallites and brooding reproductive mode were linked to offshore sites with abundant Ca and Sr in the sediment and a high cover of Halimeda algae and sponges. Results of this study indicate that disturbance has differentially affected the marine environment of the Pulau Seribu system, which in turn interacts with coral species traits to determine local species composition.     

闽南—台湾浅滩渔场的叶状仔鳗形态比较

本文首次报道１９８７年１１月至１９８８年１１月在闽南－台湾浅滩渔场采获的９种叶状铒１鳗，它们分别属于３个科；鸭嘴鳗科３种，锯犁鳗科１种，蛇鳗科５种。文中描述、比较了研究叶状仔鳗的主要形态特征。     

Morphology and Late Quaternary sedimentation in the Gulf of Oman Basin

The morphology of the Gulf of Oman Basin, a 3,400 m deep oceanic basin between Oman and southern Pakistan and southern Iran, ranges from a convergent margin (Makran margin) along the north side, a passive type (Oman margin) along the south side, translation types along the basin's west (Zendan Fault-Oman Line) and east (Murray Ridge) sides and a narrow continental rise and a wide abyssal plain in the centre of the basin. Sediment input into the basin during the Late Quaternary has been mainly from the north as a result of the uplift of the Coast Makran Mountains in the Late Miocene-Pliocene. Today most of this detritrus is deposited on the shelf and upper continental slope and perched basins behind the fold/fault ridges on the lower slope. The presence of fans and channels on the continental rise on the north side of the basin indicate, however, that continental derived debris was, and possibly is, being transported to the deep-sea by turbidity currents via gaps in the ridges on the lower slope. In addition to land derived terrigenous sediments, the basin deposits also contain biogenic (organic matter and calcium carbonate), eolian detritus and hydrates and authigenic carbonates from the tectonic dewatering of the Makran accretionary wedge. The eolian sediment is carried into the Gulf of Oman Basin from Arabia and the Mesopotamia Valley by the northwesterly Shamal winds. This type of detritus was particularly abundant during the glacial arid periods 21,000–20,000 and 11,000 (Younger Dryas) years ago when exposure of the Persian (Arabian) Gulf increased the area of dust entrainment and shifted the position of the source of the eolian sediments closer to the basin.