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951.
等离子体团型日冕物质抛射的形成机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文在球坐标二维磁静力平衡基态下,数值研究了电阻撕裂模不稳定性引起日冕电流片中发生磁场重联的过程,结果表明发生了具有两个X线的磁场重联,形成了磁岛和高温高密度的等离子体团,等离子体团在向上运动过程中有着明显的膨胀,其上升速度和膨胀过程与等离子体β值有关,这些结果可用于解释等离子体团型日冕物质抛射的形成。 相似文献
952.
依托2012 年第五次北极科学考察分析了夏季挪威-格陵兰海域营养盐和光合色素的分布情况, 探讨
水团输送对该海域营养盐分布及对该海域浮游植物群落结构分布的影响。结果显示挪威海和格陵兰海域调
查站位上层(200 m)水体中AT 断面的硝酸盐、磷酸盐及硅酸盐平均浓度分别为9.0(±5.0)、0.65(±0.29)和
1.8(±1.6) μmol·L–1, BB 断面的硝酸盐、磷酸盐及硅酸盐平均浓度分别为8.9(±3.8)、0.71(±0.22)和1.8(±
1.6) μmol·L–1。挪威海和格陵兰海域上层水体中硅酸盐相对于硝酸盐远远不足, 且呈显著硅限制, 该限制随
纬度的升高有所减轻, 表现为北冰洋入流水的硅酸盐输送。光合色素与温度和营养盐的关系表现为: 与温度
呈正相关, 与营养盐呈负相关。光合色素的分布结果表明, 挪威-格陵兰海域浮游植物群落表层以硅藻或硅
藻和定鞭金藻为主, 次表层(叶绿素最大层)则以硅藻为优势种, 并且硅藻更易聚集于混合层下方温跃层上
方, 定鞭金藻在表层水体低营养盐的条件下更具竞争力。此外, 由于受大西洋入流分支的影响, 浮游植物向挪
威-大西洋流流经区域聚集(温度更高且营养盐充分), 形成区域浮游植物分布差异。 相似文献
953.
954.
Thirty four elements dissolved in water and 33 elements bound in particulate matter were analysed in the small river Saale (Thuringia, Germany, MQ=23 m3/s) in 1996 and the results were compared with those obtained in 1950 (44 elements). Monthly sampling was used to eliminate fluctuations caused by seasons and weather. Comparison of the element contents of a river over a 40-year-time span provides interesting insight into the anthropogenic change in the catchment area of the river with regard to „global change”.Without taking into consideration systematic errors, the analysed elements can be divided into three groups:
- (a) Elements whose average annual analytical values in 1996 were lower by >50% than those in 1950: Al, As, Ba, Fe, Pb, Zn (in solution), and As, B, Cr, Li, Mn, Pb, Se, Sn, U (suspended).
- (b) Elements whose average annual analytical values in 1996 are in the range of those in 1950, i.e., are within 50–150%: Ca, Co, Cr, F, K, Li, Mn, Na, Si, Sr, Ti, U (in solution), and Hg, Cr, Cu, Sc, Sr, Ti, Zn (suspended).
- (c) Elements whose average annual analytical values in 1996 were higher by >150% than those in 1950: B, Cd, Mg, Ni, Rb, Sc (in solution), and Ba, Ni, P, Zr (suspended).
955.
Application of allochthonous organic carbon and phosphorus forms in the interpretation of past environmental conditions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Changwei Lü Jiang He Huimin Sun Hongxi Xue Ying Liang Saruli Bai Ying Sun Lili Shen Qingyun Fan 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(6):1279-1289
Organic matter in sediments, for instance, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, can be used to reconstruct the paleoecological
and pollution history of lakes and their catchment basins. In this paper, the contents of allochthonous organic carbon (allochthonous
OC) and autochthonous organic carbon (autochthonous OC) in sediment cores taken from Wuliangsuhai Lake and Daihai Lake in
northern China are quantified by using a binary model, and phosphorus forms in the sediment cores from the two lakes are extracted
by sequential extraction techniques. The results indicate that the palaeoenvironment and paleoclimate of Daihai Lake and
its catchment basin in the recent 250 years can be well reconstructed based on the content of allochthonous OC. The climate
was relatively humid and warm in the period of 1865–2005, while relatively dry and cold in the period of 1765–1865. The sedimentary
information of allochthonous OC in the 22–42-cm portion of the sediment cores in Daihai Lake corresponds to the final cold
fluctuation of the Little Ice Age that occurred since the Middle Holocene. The difference of phosphorus forms in the sediment
cores between the two lakes indicates that phosphorus input to the lakes and the correlation between phosphorus forms and
distribution and the changes of environment are influenced by the eutrophication mechanisms and environmental conditions of
the two lakes. 相似文献
956.
Garnet growth at high- and ultra-high pressure conditions and the effect of element fractionation on mineral modes and composition 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Matthias Konrad-Schmolke Patrick J. O'Brien Christian de Capitani Dennis A. Carswell 《Lithos》2008,103(3-4):309-332
In this paper we show that thermodynamic forward modelling, using Gibbs energy minimisation with consideration of element fractionation into refractory phases and/or liberated fluids, is able to extract information about the complex physical and chemical evolution of a deeply subducted rock volume. By comparing complex compositional growth zonations in garnets from high-and ultra-high pressure samples with those derived from thermodynamic forward modelling, we yield an insight into the effects of element fractionation on composition and modes of the co-genetic metamorphic phase assemblage. Our results demonstrate that fractionation effects cause discontinuous growth and re-crystallisation of metamorphic minerals in high pressure rocks. Reduced or hindered mineral growth at UHP conditions can control the inclusion and preservation of minerals indicative for UHP metamorphism, such as coesite, thus masking peak pressure conditions reached in subducted rocks.Further, our results demonstrate that fractional garnet crystallisation leads to strong compositional gradients and step-like zonation patterns in garnet, a feature often observed in high-and ultra-high pressure rocks. Thermodynamic forward modelling allows the interpretation of commonly observed garnet growth zonation patterns in terms of garnet forming reactions and the relative timing of garnet growth with respect to the rock's pressure–temperature path. Such a correlation is essential for the determination of tectonic and metamorphic rates in subduction zones as well as for the understanding of trace element signatures in subduction related rocks. It therefore should be commonplace in the investigation of metamorphic processes in subduction zones. 相似文献
957.
渗透变形或渗透破坏是由潜蚀强烈发展而出现的一种特有的不良地质作用,本文结合某大型水电工程坝基存在的软弱夹层,在现场取样试验,研究了这些软弱夹层在渗透水流作用下发生渗透变形的方式和程度,并以试验成果为基础,根据水工建筑物的布置以及上下游水头差等条件,采用数值模拟的方法模拟软弱夹层的水力梯度分布情况以及软弱夹层与上下两盘基岩中的水力梯度分布,为坝基防渗设计提供依据。 相似文献
958.
林国庆 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(2):143-145
铁路设计施工中,铁路沿线危岩体的情况对铁路线位的走向及施工有着重要的影响,因此,对铁路沿线危岩体的监测,是铁路勘测中相当重要的工作。但山区的危岩体的监测工作难度大,且危险性高,传统测量方法无法完成。三维激光扫描技术出现,以其高效性、高精度、远距离非接触测量等优势弥补了传统危岩体监测方法的缺点。本文探讨了如何应用三维激光扫描技术对铁路沿线的危岩体进行监测分析的方法。 相似文献
959.
针对中国247个农业气象土壤水分观测站点1981 2010年逐旬土壤重量含水量、逐年田间持水量、凋萎湿度和土壤容重,考虑地区气候特点和土壤质地,依据土壤水分极值和水文常数关系理论,制定了土壤水分观测历史数据集质量控制方法,对土壤水分数据奇异值进行分析与校正。结果表明:土壤水分观测历史资料中,奇异值问题可以归结为人工录入误差、多地段水文常数混用误差和年际变化异常;土壤重量含水量数据异常问题归结为小于风干土含水量和大于理论饱和含水量的极端情况。通过对历史数据集质量控制后,可以对土壤水分观测数据进行有效推广应用,为针对土壤水分的研究提供重要科学基础。 相似文献
960.
Due to global warming, glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau(TP) are experiencing widespread shrinkage; however, the mechanisms controlling glacier variations across the TP are still rather unclear, especially on the northeastern TP. In this study, a physically based, distributed surface-energy and mass-balance model was used to simulate glacier mass balance forced by meteorological data. The model was applied to Laohugou No. 12 Glacier, western Qilian Mountains, China, during2010~2012. The simulated albedo and mass balance were validated and calibrated by in situ measurements. The simulated annual glacier-wide mass balances were-385 mm water equivalent(w.e.) in 2010/2011 and-232 mm w.e. in 2011/2012,respectively. The mean equilibrium-line altitude(ELA) was 5,015 m a.s.l., during 2010~2012, which ascended by 215 m compared to that in the 1970 s. The mean accumulation area ratio(AAR) was 39% during the two years. Climatic-sensitivity experiments indicated that the change of glacier mass balance resulting from a 1.5 °C increase in air temperature could be offset by a 30% increase in annual precipitation. The glacier mass balance varied linearly with precipitation, at a rate of130 mm w.e. per 10% change in total precipitation. 相似文献