藏北羌塘盆地胜利河-长蛇山油页岩带的发现及其意义

最近在北羌塘长蛇山地区新发现了晚侏罗世—早白垩世油页岩及膏盐层,该油页岩与近年来笔者在胜利河地区发现的多处油页岩连成一片,构成了目前中国发现的最大规模的海相油页岩带。详细的野外地质调查与研究表明：该油页岩有机碳含量介于4.31%~16.89%之间,焦油含量为3.5%～16.3%,油页岩有机质大多处于成熟阶段。胜利河-长蛇山油页岩带及与其密切共生的膏盐层的发现,丰富了羌塘盆地烃源岩的类型,为羌塘盆地油气地质条件评价提供了新的依据。     

振冲法处理淤泥土体的研究

18层住宅楼建在天然地基中的含淤泥土层上, 地基采用振冲法处理。通过对各楼不同层位处的载荷试验和主体施工中的沉降观测得出: 较厚淤泥层上的高层建筑地基采用振冲法处理可以取得经济可靠的效果; 加大振冲器功率可使基础沉降效果明显减小; 振冲桩复合地基中附加应力扩散现象随软土层上部相对硬层强度增加而增加, 但以上部土层厚度影响为主; 对于筏板基础, 载荷试验曲线初段受深度影响不能真实反映复合地基的压缩性。     

南巴伦支海磁场异常及其与海底地质结构的对比(英文)

对1986—2001年间巴伦支海南部海洋磁力测量的数据处理结果进行了研究。南巴伦支海底的地磁测量揭示出其复杂多期的地质构造结构,其中以两期分离型的构造为主导:(1)具NW走向的里菲-文德期继承性裂谷构造;(2)NE向转换叠加断层正交系统。晚泥盆世碱性侵入体及其相关的金属矿化作用恰位于这些构造系统的交点上。     

华北板块东南缘海相层系演化特征及油气远景

在大别造山带内发现的可燃天然气和发生燃烧的隧道具有明显的区域性,集中分布于磨子潭-晓天断裂以南的北大别杂岩带和信阳-舒城断裂附近的早石炭世变质石英片岩中,磨子潭-晓天断裂和信阳。舒城断裂是连通深部的气源通道断裂;推覆体之下的下寒武统凤台组和北淮阳型石炭系两套海相烃源岩是隧道可燃天然气的主力气源岩,其中下寒武统凤台组属大陆边缘沉积,其发育的海相泥质烃源岩具有高碳,高“R。”,高T…和低氯仿“A”的特点,已进入热演化的过成熟阶段;北淮阳型石炭系处于前陆盆地的沉积中心,地层序列齐全,其煤系源岩有机质丰度高,以Ⅲ型干酪根为主,热演化程度很高,大量的油气已经生成,最重要的是研究其成烃过程与圈闭配套史的关系。大别造山带隧道可燃天然气的发现展示了合肥盆地区深部海相层系可能潜在良好的勘探前景。因此,进一步勘探重心应从“中新生代盆地系统”转移到“深部海相层系”,以寻找“古生古储”或“古生新储”类型油气藏为主。     

雪峰山西侧地区海相油气勘探前景初析

通过对雪峰山西侧地层叠覆关系、沉积序列、层序地层和旋回沉积特征等油气地质的调查研究,表明雪峰山西侧盆地演化与四川盆地一样,均经历了从被动陆缘(Z-O1)→类前陆(O2-S)→克拉通-大陆边缘盆地(D-T2)→内陆湖盆(T3-J)和山间盆地(K-Q)5个演化阶段;发育9个区域性平行不整合和1个角度不整合,构成5个构造层,即①南华系-震旦系;②下古生界;③上古生界-下中三叠统;④上三叠统-下中侏罗统;⑤上白垩统及其以上.总体构造活动性不强,对油气长期保存和演化有利.5个构造层孕育了4个一级生储盖组合,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ为有利组合.因此,该地区原生油气地质条件优越,但后期改造较强,特别是侏罗纪末期的燕山运动以来的造山和隆升剥蚀量大,是该区海相下组合油气勘探的制约性因素.     

A GIS-Based Tool for Representing Larval Dispersal for Marine Reserve Selection

Increasing efforts to implement marine protected areas (MPAs) as a means of managing marine ecosystems have created a need for evaluating potential spatial management plans. Almost all marine populations are metapopulations, connected reproductively by the dispersal of pelagic larvae. Models of marine population dynamics must account for larval connectivity, but despite recent advances connectivity patterns are still poorly understood. To allow more informed decision making when complete information on dispersal is lacking, we have developed a method based on geographic information systems (GIS) for representing larval dispersal distributions based on bathymetry and typical flows in the coastal ocean. These distributions reflect (1) generally greater flow in directions along, rather than across, lines of constant bathymetry and (2) lesser flow in shallow near-shore waters. We demonstrate how to parameterize this two-dimensional method for depicting larval dispersal based on comparisons to local oceanographic data. We then compare the predictions of the two-dimensional method to those of a simpler one-dimensional alternative in a population model used to evaluate proposed MPAs along the coast of central California. The method produces reasonable larval dispersal patterns and appears to include the effects of bathymetry on population dynamics better than commonly used one-dimensional methods and without requiring the significantly greater investment of developing particle-tracking circulation models. An important advantage of a two-dimensional approach is more realistic portrayal of the dependence of population persistence on the cross-shelf dimension of available habitat.     

不同品系坛紫菜自由丝状体在异常条件下生长发育的比较

以坛紫菜的4个品系(A、B、C、D)的丝状体为材料,探讨和比较了各品系在异常条件下,即高温(30℃、32℃)、高盐(盐度35、38)、低盐(盐度10、15)、低氮磷含量(N:0.0252mg/dm3;P:0.0041mg/dm3)的生长发育状况,筛选出抗逆的品系实验结果表明:(1)在高温32℃下,品系C生长较好,其瞬时生长率为0.40,表现出较强的耐高温特性;(2)在盐度38的海水中,品系A较能适应,藻色正常,瞬时生长率高达3.66,较耐高盐;(3)在盐度10的海水中,品系D的瞬时生长率为0.46,且形成了大量的、正常的孢子囊枝;(4)在低氮、磷的环境下,品系D适应性较强,其瞬时生长率为2.27,部分藻丝颜色恢复,并形成较多的、正常的孢子囊枝.     

Missing precipitation data estimation using optimal proximity metric-based imputation,nearest-neighbour classification and cluster-based interpolation methods

Abstract

New optimal proximity-based imputation, K-nearest neighbour (K-NN) classification and K-means clustering methods are proposed and developed for estimation of missing daily precipitation records. Mathematical programming formulations are developed to optimize the weighting, classification and clustering schemes used in these methods. Ten different binary and real-valued distance metrics are used as proximity measures. Two climatic regions, Kentucky and Florida, (temperate and tropical) in the USA, with different gauge density and network structure, are used as case studies to evaluate the new methods. A comprehensive exercise is undertaken to compare the performances of the new methods with those of several deterministic and stochastic spatial interpolation methods. The results from these comparisons indicate that the proposed methods performed better than existing methods. Use of optimal proximity metrics as weights, spatial clustering of observation sites and classification of precipitation data resulted in improvement of missing data estimates.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor C. Onof     

PDA的野外数据采集成果预处理系统的设计与开发

为了适应测绘科学技术的信息化、自动化应用发展的需求,掌上电脑（PersonalDigitalAssistant,PDA）在测绘野外数据采集得到广泛应用,本文运用面向对象的思想设计并开发了野外数据采集成果预处理系统。该系统主要由数据通信、数据记录与检查、测量数据概算、原始成果记录表格自动生成、数据格式转换五个模块组成。将该系统与全站仪结合可实现野外测量数据的高效自动化数据采集及预处理概算,为内外业数据处理一体化奠定基础。     

海洋沉积物微量元素地球化学特征对天然气水合物勘探的指示意义

天然气水合物与资源和全球环境变化等重大科学问题密切相关.前期关于甲烷渗漏区地球化学特征的研究主要集中于浅表层沉积物(<20 m),而浅层沉积物(>20 m)地球化学特征知之甚少.为探讨海洋浅层沉积物微量元素特征与天然气水合物勘探的相关关系,对南海神狐海域沉积物进行了4个站位的钻探取样,分析了样品主、微量元素和有机碳地球...