岐口海洋地震观测台的建设

天津市建设项目"海上地震观测试验系统",是"十五"期间天津数字地震观测网络项目中的重点实验任务,该项目的建设将有效提高渤海海域地震监测能力,为天津经济社会发展建设、为滨海新区开发开放提供服务.通过建设海洋地震台,提高了天津市测震台网在渤海地区的监控能力,对于海啸预警能力也大有提高.     

塔里木盆地下古生界烃源岩二次生烃范围研究

塔里木盆地是一个多旋回叠合盆地,下古生界烃源岩具有典型的二次生烃特征.当前关于二次生烃的研究集中在通过热模拟方法认识生烃机理和模式等方面,关于典型盆地二次生烃发生范围、分布规律、影响因素研究相对较少.本文在认识塔里木盆地构造背景和热演化规律的基础上,选取不同构造单元具有代表性的50余口井,利用Basin Mod 1D盆...     

油气勘探新领域:火山岩油气藏——松辽盆地大型火山岩气田发现的启示

通过观念转变和理论与技术创新,大庆油田在松辽盆地徐家围子断陷深层火山岩天然气勘探获得重大突破,使火山岩由原来的油气勘探"禁区"变为"靶区".从而带动了全国的火山岩油气勘探,促使国内油气储量的不断增长.研究表明,各类火山岩均有可能成为良好的储层.与沉积岩相比,火山岩在盆地深层具有体积大、储层物性受埋深影响小、孔渗条件好等...     

Geochemical Stratigraphy and Microvertebrate Assemblage Sequences across the Silurian/Devonian Transition in South China

Carbon isotope (δ13Corg) analyses of non-marine clastic rocks and neritic carbonates and black shales spanning the Silurian/Devonian transition are compared from two richly fossiliferous sequences in Qujing of East Yunnan and Zoige of Sichuan, South China. The two sections, Xishancun and Putonggou sections in South China, reveal positive δ13Corg shifts happening in the Upper Pridoli and Lower Devonian and reaching peak values as heavy as ?25.2‰ (Xishancun) and ?19.9‰ (Putonggou) in the lowermost Lochkovian following the first occurrence of the thelodont Parathelodus and the conodont Icriodus woschmidti woschmidti (only in Putonggou Section and together with Protathyris-Lanceomyonia brachiopod fauna). These results replicate a globally known positive shift in δ13Corg from the uppermost Silurian to the lowermost Devonian. The δ13Corg variations across the Silurian/Devonian Boundary (SDB) at the two sections in South China exhibit a shift in carbon isotopic composition similar to the detailed SDB curves from the borehole Klonk-1 drilled at top of the Klonk Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) in the Prague Basin, Czech Republic. In addition, four microvertebrate assemblages, including the Liaojiaoshan, Xishancun, Yanglugou and Xiaputonggou assemblages, are recognized from the Silurian/Devonian transition exposed in the Xishancun and Putonggou sections, respectively. The results from both carbon isotope stratigraphy and microvertebrate assemblage sequences suggest that the SDB in South China is located at the base of the Xishancun Formation (between sample QX-20 and sample QX-21) in the Xishancun Section and the lower part of the Xiaputonggou Formation (between sample ZP-09 and sample ZP-10) in the Putonggou Section. The isotopic trend for organic carbon together with the changes of microvertebrate remains across the SDB can offer an approach to a potential correlation of the SDB from different sedimentary facies, which help to correlate the marine with non-marine deposits.     

青海省天峻县木里地区天然气水合物发现区浅表地球化学特征

在青海木里天然气水合物发现区分别采集50件浅表土壤样品和顶空气样品,采用顶空间轻烃法、酸解烃法和蚀变碳酸盐法研究其浅表地球化学特征。结果表明,顶空气中可检测出C1-C3,土壤中检测出C1-C5,酸解烃各指标之间具有显著的相关性,碳酸盐指标与酸解烃也呈显著的正相关。地表烃类气体来源为原油伴生气、凝析油伴生气和煤型气,与水舍物同源,显示出深部热解成因气的特征。     

从阿巴拉契亚-阿钦塔造山带看中国北方大陆南缘古生代的油气前景

阿巴拉契亚-阿钦塔造山带是北美乃至世界著名的大陆边缘挤压碰撞推覆造山带,是地质学研究的经典地区之一,也是许多经典地学理论和概念的发源地.其中,对地质学影响最大的当属地槽学说.继20世纪60年代由深海钻探带来地学革命之后,由COCORP实施的地震反射剖面和深钻揭示了该造山带的巨大推覆构造.人们惊奇地发现,在巨大推覆体之下...     

川东北地区海相烃源岩中单质硫的定性与定量分析

利用定性与定量分析手段,研究了川东北地区各类海相烃源岩中的单质硫及其地球化学特征。定性分析表明,该区海相烃源岩中的单质硫具有八硫环状结构和六硫状环结构两种晶体构型,由S8和S6两种同素异形体组成,其中S8具有相对较高的丰度。定量分析表明,该区海相烃源岩中的单质硫含量为0.91×10-6～375.88×10-6,具有很宽的分布范围,并且随着烃源岩分布区域、地层时代以及岩性的不同而发生明显变化,表现出强烈的非均质性分布特征。该区海相烃源岩中单质硫含量与有机碳含量之间存在正相关关系,说明单质硫主要发育在富有机质沉积的层段中。通过单质硫含量与总硫含量对比分析,间接证明了川东北地区各类海相烃源岩中赋存有丰富的有机含硫化合物。     

实验模拟碳酸盐岩储层包裹体对油气充注的响应

设计了一系列不同油水比（3/7,5/5,7/39,/1）的实验,以冰洲石为主矿物合成了烃类包裹体,为探讨碳酸盐岩烃类流体包裹体的形成机制提供了一条有效途径。镜下观察及显微荧光分析发现：样品中合成的包裹体沿裂隙分布,表明微裂隙愈合过程中捕获包裹体,烃类和盐水包裹体既同时出现在同一裂隙中,又有分带出现的情况。样品中合成的烃...     

Dark respiration in the light and in darkness of three marine macroalgal species grown under ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations

Dark respiration (non-photorespiratory mitochondrial respiration),which occurs both in the light and in darkness,is vital for growth and survival of algae and plays a critical role in modulating the carbon balance of them.In the present study,we have investigated dark respiration in the light (R L) and in darkness (R D) in three marine macroalgal species,Hizikia fusiformis (phaeophyta),Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) and Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta),cultured at 20℃ using aeration with two CO 2 conditions:current ambient (CO 2 concentration about 380 μl/L) and elevated CO 2 (approximately 720 μl/L) air.R L was estimated by using the Kok method,whereas R D was determined as the rate of O 2 influx at zero light.The results showed that both R L and R D were unchanged for the elevated CO 2-grown algae relative to ambient CO 2 concentration for all the algal species tested.However,R L was significantly lower than R D across all the algal species and growth CO 2 treatments,demonstrating that daytime respiration was partly depressed by the light.The percentage of inhibition of respiration by light was similar between ambient and elevated CO 2 grown algae.The ratio of respiration to photosynthesis,which tended to decrease when estimated using R L instead of R D,was not altered for the elevated relative to ambient CO 2 concentration.The results suggest that R L,rather than R D,is a more accurate estimate of nonphotorespiratory carbon loss in marine macroalgae during the daytime.It would not be anticipated that elevated atmospheric CO 2 would exert a substantial influence on respiratory flux either in the light or in darkness in these particular marine macroalgal species.     

海洋微生物偏振光散射的双组分模型

光学散射方法被广泛用于获取海洋微生物的形态和浓度信息.通过测量散射光的空间分布可以测量海洋微生物的形态和浓度;而最近发现,散射光的偏振特征却对细胞内部亚微米级散射颗粒更加敏感.把海洋微生物等效为粒径远大于入射波长的“米氏”粒子和远小于入射波长的“瑞利”粒子的混合体,以两种不同粒径的实心球作为微生物偏振光散射模型.利用蒙...