北大巴山早古生代地幔交代作用与煌斑岩浆的起源和演化

产于陕西岚皋境内、赋存于碱质煌斑杂岩中的金云角 闪 辉石岩捕虏体是交 代地幔捕虏体。微量元素和SrNd同位素的对比研究表明,金云角闪辉石岩型交代地幔是寄 主煌斑岩的源区。金云角闪辉石岩捕虏体富含高Na、Ti的角闪石是本区寄主煌斑岩富Ti, 具 低K/Na值的根本原因。煌斑杂岩的同位素地球化学研究表明,早古生代地幔交代作用相对 于煌斑岩的侵位是一个相对近的时间间隔,大约发生于距今600～700 Ma。寄主煌斑岩 的 原生岩浆是金云角闪辉石岩型地幔经较大程度部分熔融而形成,原生岩浆为相似于橄榄金伯 利岩和橄辉玢岩的碱质超基性煌斑岩浆,其经初步分离结晶后形成两个不同的母岩浆,分别 相当于橄榄金伯利岩浆和橄辉玢岩岩浆,两个母岩浆各自具有不同的分离结晶系列,形成不 同的岩石类型。     

祁连山元古宙大陆溢流玄武岩

祁连山西段大面积分布的元古宙浅海相火山岩系是大 陆裂 谷火山作用的产 物,属大陆溢流玄武岩系。岩石地球化学研究表明,它们具有高εNd值和低( 87Sr/86Sr)i值 ,系派生于岩石圈之下的地幔柱源,但也显示有岩石圈组分卷入的证据。它们的形成是地幔 柱岩石圈相互作用的结果,是北祁连山早古生代洋盆开启的前兆。     

从地形变资料探讨丽江7.0级地震的前兆特征

讨论了地震孕育发生的物理机制是“拉疏隆起－压缩凹陷”模式的形成机理及其特征;根据这一理性认识,应用丽江７．０级地震之前滇西地区的地形变资料,较确切出得出了本区有强震发生,并且可以认为孕震体是在丽江至玉龙雪山东麓地区;根据发震前夕所观测到孕震体的“拉疏隆起－压缩凹陷”的区域大小与幅度值及岩层的弹性应变,可近似计算震级的大小。     

Parameterized thermal model of a mixed mantle convection

IntroductionTectonicevolutionisinfluencedbythermalhistoryoftheEarth.TheEarthhasabout4.6Gahistory.ThermalenergyfromtheinterioroftheEachprovidesthemainpowerfortectonicevolution.ItnotonlycontrolstheformationofthelayeredstructuresinsidetheEarth,butalsopromotesthetectonicmovementsofthesurfaceplatesduringthegeologicalera.ThestudyofthethermalhistoryoftheEarthhaspassedseveralstages.Inearlystudies,onlyconductivemechanism(Lubimova,1958)isdiscussedinthethermalevolution.However,theimpotalceofthermalco…     

张北—尚义地震区的壳幔构造

通过对河北张家口地区的深地震测深宽角反射／折射剖面资料的研究表明：近东西向的张北—崇礼地壳断裂带与北西西向的张家口—渤海地壳深断裂带在张北６２级地震区交汇。在这里延伸至莫霍面的地壳深断裂带和壳内界面的不连续处是汉诺坝大面积玄武岩溢出的通道。震区中上地壳内的局部速度逆转和下地壳内异常的低速带预示着岩浆活动仍较强烈。张家口—渤海地壳深断裂带近期活动可能是张北地震发生的主要因素     

Deep xenoliths in alkalic porphyry, Liuhe, Yunnan, and implications to petrogenesis of alkalic porphyry and associated mineralizations

Na-rich microlite-glass is first discovered in deep-source xenoliths in alkali-rich porphyry, Liuhe village, Heqing County, Yunnan Province. It is shown that the ultramafic xenoliths originated from partial melting of primary mantle and the glass resulted from metasomatism between the xenoliths and mantle fluid derived from mantle degassing. Mantle metasomatism not only resulted in the enrichment of alkaline, large-ion elements, ore metals and volatiles but also created a favorable condition for the generation of alkaline magmas. The mantle xenoliths and their characteristics of mantle metasomatism provide important evidence for a better understanding of the petrogenesis and mineralization of the Cenozoic alkali-rich porphyry in western Yunnan.     

大同—阳高震区深部构造背景

利用通过本区的宽角反射／折射剖面资料对大同－阳高震区及邻区地壳上地幔速度结构与构造进行了详细的研究,结果表明,地壳上地幔速度结构与构造在纵向和横向上具有明显的不均一性,浅部基底断裂发育,对应其深部,根据波组特征,壳内界面及速度等值线起伏变化和低速异常体的边界等推测了地壳深断裂带,区内最明显的上地壳低速体位于大同－阳原附近,其南界存在地壳断裂,大同－阳高地震群与该低速异常体和深断裂有关。     

Palaeokarst and rauhwacke development,mountain uplift and subaerial sliding of tectonic sheets (northern Sierra de los Filabres,Betic Cordilleras,Spain)

The rauhwackes near Serón in the northern Sierra de los Filabres (S Spain), previously considered as true tectonic breccias, are reinterpreted on the basis of sedimentological, geomorphological and geometrical evidence as subaerial or nearly subaerial sedimentary deposits. Channel fills, parallel lamination, cross-lamination, graded bedding, sedimentary clastic dykes and other sedimentary structures and features occur in the rauhwacke body. These sedimentary rocks correspond to continental deposits of alluvial and karstic origin deposited over a karstified erosional surface of Nevado–Filabride marbles. Although no fossils have been found in the rauhwackes, a Tortonian age for these rocks is suggested on the basis of structural arguments and lithostratigraphic data from the nearby Almanzora basin. The rauhwackes were buried by slabs of Alpujarride rocks that gravitationally slid over them during the uplifting of the Sierra de los Filabres.     

The age of continental roots

Determination of the age of the mantle part of continental roots is essential to our understanding of the evolution and stability of continents. Dating the rocks that comprise the mantle root beneath the continents has proven difficult because of their high equilibration temperatures and open-system geochemical behaviour. Much progress has been made in the last 20 years that allows us to see how continental roots have evolved in different areas. The first indication of the antiquity of continental roots beneath cratons came from the enriched Nd and Sr isotopic signatures shown by both peridotite xenoliths and inclusions in diamonds, requiring isolation of cratonic roots from the convecting mantle for billions of years. The enriched Nd and Sr isotopic signatures result from mantle metasomatic events post-dating the depletion events that led to the formation and isolation of the peridotite from convecting mantle. These signatures document a history of melt– and fluid–rock interaction within the lithospheric mantle. In some suites of cratonic rocks, such as eclogites, Nd and Pb isotopes have been able to trace probable formation ages. The Re–Os isotope system is well suited to dating lithospheric peridotites because of the compatible nature of Os and its relative immunity to post-crystallisation disturbance compared with highly incompatible element isotope systems. Os isotopic compositions of lithospheric peridotites are overwhelmingly unradiogenic and indicate long-term evolution in low Re/Os environments, probably as melt residues. Peridotite xenoliths from kimberlites can show some disturbed Re/Os systematics but analyses of representative suites show that beneath cratons the oldest Re depletion model ages are Archean and broadly similar to major crust-forming events. Some locations, such as Premier in southern Africa, and Lashaine in Tanzania, indicate more recent addition of lithospheric material to the craton, in the Proterozoic, or later. Of the cratons studies so far (Kaapvaal, Siberia, Wyoming and Tanzania), all indicate Archean formation of their lithospheric mantle roots. Few localities studied show any clear variation of age with depth of derivation, indicating that >150 km of lithosphere may have formed relatively rapidly. In circum-cratonic areas where the crustal basement is Proterozoic in age kimberlite-derived xenoliths give Proterozoic model ages, matching the age of the overlying crust. This behaviour shows how the crust and mantle parts of continental lithospheric roots have remained coupled since formation in these areas, for billions of years, despite continental drift. Orogenic massifs show more systematic behaviour of Re–Os isotopes, where correlations between Os isotopic composition and S or Re content yield initial Os isotopic ratios that define Re depletion model ages for the massifs. Ongoing Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf–Os isotopic studies of massif peridotites and new kimberlite- and basalt-borne xenolith suites from new areas, will soon enable a global understanding of the age of continental roots and their subsequent evolution.     

Velocity structure of the continental upper mantle: evidence from southern Africa

The velocity model for southern Africa of Qiu et al. [Qiu, X., Priestley, K., McKenzie, D., 1996. Average lithospheric structure of southern Africa. Geophys. J. Int. 127, 563–587] is revised so as to satisfy both the regional seismic waveform data and the fundamental mode Rayleigh wave phase velocity data for the region. The revised S-wave model is similar to the original model of Qiu et al. except that the high velocity, upper mantle lid extends to 160 km depth in the revised model rather than to 120 km in the original model. Sensitivity tests of the regional seismic data show that the minimum velocity in the S-wave low velocity zone can be as high as 4.45 km s⁻¹ compared to 4.32 km s⁻¹ in the Qiu et al. model. The vertical S-wave travel time for the revised south African model is compared with the vertical S-wave travel times for the global tomographic models S12WM13 and S16B30, and they are found to be similar.