2019年10月12日广西玉林北流MS 5.2地震深部孕震环境

地震是地壳或岩石圈构造变形的一种方式,施加于边界断层及其活动块体内的力决定了它们的变形方式(伸展、挤压、走滑),而变形(或地震)的空间分布受岩石圈流变学控制,尤其是受断层和其间块体强度以及这些块体与岩石圈耦合作用的控制( Thatcher,2009).而火山岩浆作为低粘度熔体,其活动通常也会产生地震,地震类型和大小与岩...     

晚更新世以来山东半岛北部沿海地区的构造抬升速率

根据构造地貌与新构造特征,推算了晚更新世以来山东半岛北部沿海地区的构造抬升速率。结果表明,晚更新世以来不同地段平均构造抬升速率不同,金牛山断裂以东地区为０．１５ｍｍ／ａ,断裂以西地区为０．５０ｍｍ／ａ,龙口盆地２．４万年前后曾发生过幅度７￣９ｍ的断陷。此外,同一地段不时段的抬升速率也有差异,但非常接近平均速率。     

南海北部陆缘新生代玄武岩地球化学特征及成因

南海盆地及周缘地区新生代玄武岩对揭示南海盆地的演化历史至关重要,然而这些玄武岩的成因还存在争议。本文研究了位于南海北部陆缘的海南岛临高县多文组玄武岩岩石地球化学和矿物地球化学特征,并探讨其成因和构造背景。多文组玄武岩主要由橄榄石、单斜辉石、斜长石、斜方辉石、铬尖晶石和铁钛氧化物等组成。橄榄石Fo值变化于55.5～71.1之间,Ni的含量较低,Fe/Mn比值较高。铬尖晶石Cr^#值为74.1～82.7,Mg^#值为45.5～63.8, Ti的含量较高。斜方辉石Mg^#值为63.9～79.6,单斜辉石为66.0～80.6。单斜辉石稀土配分曲线富集MREE,亏损LREE和HREE,呈拱形分布。斜长石以中-拉长石为主(Ab_{36.56～52.78}),富集LREE、Ba、Sr和Eu。铁钛氧化物的TiO₂含量为50.19%～51.46%。多文组玄武岩原始岩浆的主量和微量元素组成与夏威夷、峨眉山、塔里木等玄武岩组成一致,地幔源区包含了辉石岩的成分,而且其地幔潜在温度(>1400℃)和氧逸度(Δ...     

印度板块岩石圈地幔向北俯冲到羌塘地体之下的远震P波层析成像证据

利用PASSCAL、INDEPTH Ⅱ、INDEPTH Ⅲ、HIMNT等研究计划,及中国新疆地学断面和国家973项目在青藏高原布设的流动台站记录的到时数据,以及自1990年1月到2004年2月全球地震事件的震相报告,作者对覆盖印度大陆的恒河平原和整个青藏高原的305个地震台站记录的9649个远震事件,共139021条P波初至到时资料进行了层析成像反演．结果表明：印度岩石圈地幔在不同的位置向北俯冲的形态不同,但俯冲前缘都到达羌塘地体之下．沿88°E剖面显示,厚约100 km的印度岩石圈地幔从南部的恒河平原向北一直俯冲到青藏高原之下．在主边界逆冲断裂之下100 km深度处以约22°角度开始向北俯冲,俯冲最前缘到达羌塘地体的中部地区约34°N,之后进入上地幔深处．而沿北东方向的剖面则显示,印度岩石圈地幔以近水平的角度俯冲到青藏高原之下,向北越过班公－怒江缝合带,到达33°N附近,然后以大角度近乎垂直地向下俯冲断离,并引起地幔热物质的上涌,形成羌塘地体之下大规模的低速带．     

固体地球观向流体地球观的概念更新

长时间内人们把地球看成为一个固体星球,忽视流体在地球动力学中非常重要的作用.在本文中我们将列举一系列的资料来证明它.此流体由H\|A\|C\|O\|N\|S组成.H (氢, 卤素和热), A (碱金属, 例如 Na, K等.), C (碳), O (氧), N (氮), S (硫族).此流体从深部外地核H, H2流向上进入地幔演化为H\|HACONS, 向上到上地幔演化为A\|HACONS, 向上进入地壳后演化为O\|HACONS. 此流体可以使固体地幔,地壳发生弱化,变软,熔融和排气,结果造成地球动力学及大地构造运动和众多自然灾害.     

特提斯洋壳在青藏隆升中所起的作用

地幔对流使特提斯洋壳显示为刚性的整体性,并以“抽屉式”插入到青藏陆壳之下,使之第一次隆升,之后受四川盆地,鄂尔多斯盆地和柴达木盆地刚性地块的阻抗,发生强烈的褶,断,叠作用,使青藏陆壳第二次隆升,同时,莫霍面下沉,褶断,从而形成了今天整个青藏高原的地质特征和地理形态。     

沉积盆地异常低压(负压)与油气分布

在沉积盆地油气勘探过程中,异常压力与油气聚集的关系愈显密切,而异常压力不仅仅是指异常高压,国内外在发现许多异常高压油气藏的同时,也发现了相当数量的异常低压油气藏,而且异常低压在世界许多盆地中均有分布。因此,深入研究异常低压的形成机理及与油气分布的关系,同样重要和不容忽视。本文介绍了异常低压的概念、特征和分类,详细分析了异常低压的形成机制：地层剥蚀卸载后的弹性回返(反弹)作用、流体的供排不平衡、轻烃的扩散作用、断裂和不整合面的压力释放作用、渗透作用和温度变化等;最后论述了异常低压与油气分布的关系。     

Experimental Investigation of Irregular Wave Uplift Force on Deck of Exposed High-Pile Jetties

A laboratory setup was developed to investigate irregular wave uplift loads on exposed high-pile jetties.It is shown that the dimensionless uplift load increases to the maximum with an increasing relative clearance and then decreases.The relative clearance corresponding to the peak force is linked to a range from 0.4 to 0.8.When the relative clearance exceeds a certain value,the wave can not reach the underside of the deck and the force becomes zero.Distinct trends of dimensionless force with a relative width of deck show that the force tends to decrease as the relative deck width increases,and then the decrease slows down after the relative deck width increases or decreases to a certain value.The pressure distribution length associated with the maximum uplift force is equivalent to the wave contact width x.When x is larger than the width of deck B,it is taken as B.The statistical distribution of loads obeys the Weibull distribution.The results from the analyses of the real data suggest a new dimensionless prediction model on wave-in-deck uplift loads and the conversion ratio between wave loads at different exceedance probabilities.A comparison is made between the new prediction model and the existing widely used three prediction models.These results are used as useful references for structural design of the jetty.     

Early Cretaceous Metasomatized Lithospheric Mantle beneath the Central Jiangnan Orogen in South China: Geochemical and Sr-Nd Isotope Evidence from the Tuanshanbei Dolerite

It is well established that Cretaceous magmatism in the South China Block (SCB) is related to the Paleo-Pacific subduction. However, the starting time and the associated deep crust-mantle processes are still debatable. Mafic dike swarms carry important information on the deep earth (including mantle) geodynamics and geochemical evolution. In the Jiangnan Orogen (South China), there is no information on whether the Mesozoic magmatic activities in this region are also directly related to the Pacific subduction or not. In this study, we present detailed zircon U-Pb geochronological, whole-rock element and Sr-Nd isotope data for Early Cretaceous Tuanshanbei dolerite dikes, and provide new constraints on the condition of the lithospheric mantle and mantle dynamics of the SCB during that time. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating suggests that this dolerite erupted in the Early Cretaceous (~145 Ma). All samples have alkaline geochemical affinities with K2O + Na2O = 3.11–4.04 wt%, K2O/Na2O = 0.50–0.72, and Mg# = 62.24–65.13. They are enriched in LILE but depleted in HFSE with higher initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.706896–0.714743) and lower εNd(t) (?2.61 to ?1.67). They have high Nb/U, Nb/La, La/Sm and Rb/Sr, and low La/Nb, La/Ta, Ce/Pb, Ba/Rb, Tb/Yb and Gd/Yb ratios. Such geochemical signatures suggest that the fractional crystallization is obvious but crustal contamination play a negligible role during magmatic evolution. Tuanshanbei dolerite were most likely derived from low-degree (2%–5%) partial melting of a phlogopite-bearing mantle material consisted of ~85% spinel peridotite and ~15% garnet peridotite previously metasomatized by asthenosphere-derived fluids/melts with minor subduction-derived fluids/melts. Slab-rollback generally lead to the upwelling of the hot asthenosphere. The upwelling of asthenosphere consuming the lithospheric mantle by thermo-mechanical-chemical erosion. The lithospheric mantle may have partially melted due to the heating by the upwelling asthenosphere and lithospheric extension. It is inferred that the Tuanshanbei dolerite might be associated with the initial slab rollback and corresponding lithospheric extension occurred potentially at ca. 145 Ma.     

大陆岩石圈研究进展

从地震学、地球化学、岩石学等不同学科的角度,对大陆岩石圈研究进展做了简要介绍。不同学科的最新研究成果表明,岩石圈在热状态、化学成分和力学行为等方面具有高度非均匀性。这不仅表现为岩石圈性质和结构随深度的变化,而且还反映在不同时代、大陆与海洋以及克拉通和造山带岩石圈结构特征的显著差异上。性质和结构的差异体现了岩石圈形成和长期演化过程的复杂性。我们认为,不同岩石圈块体之间、岩石圈与深部对流地幔之间普遍存在着相互作用。这种相互作用被认为是稳定克拉通岩石圈遭受改造甚至破坏的深部机制,同时还是地球深、浅部物质交换的重要方式,因而显著影响着地球深部的对流和地表的构造过程。值得注意的是,由于岩石圈本身定义的模糊性及其厚度的不确定性,地震活动与岩石圈强度之间的关系以及大陆岩石圈演化的规律性等问题仍有待于进一步的研究和探索。