Analyses d’ouvrages

New structural data and P–T estimates of syn-deformational assemblages within the Beni Bousera peridotites and their crustal envelope are used to explain their Alpine exhumation. The Beni Bousera peridotites occur as thin sheets within high grade crustal units of the lower Sebtides (inner Rif, Morocco) and are composed of weakly deformed spinel lherzolite in the core of the massif and garnet-spinel mylonite at the rim. The main foliation trajectories in both the peridotites and overlying crustal units show systematic rotation towards their mutual contact, indicating a kilometer-scale top to the NW shearing with a dextral component along this crust/mantle contact. Widespread top to the NW shear criteria within the crustal units overlying the peridotite support this feature. Available ages constrain the development of the main foliation in both the peridotites and crustal rocks between 25 and 20 Ma. New P–T data from the peridotites show that deformation occurs during decompression from ≈ 22 kbar, 1050°C to ≈ 9-15 kbar, 800°C. As a consequence, exhumation of the Beni Bousera peridotites takes place during the Oligo-Miocene lithosphere thinning in the footwall of a lithospheric extensional shear zone. The exceptional preservation of garnet within the mylonitic peridotites results from rapid cooling of the border of the massif due to the juxtaposition with colder crustal rocks along this shear zone. Uplifting of the hot mantle rocks simultaneously induces high temperature metamorphism in the overlying crustal units. These new findings allow us to reconstruct the deformation history of the Beni Bousera region and the Alboran domain in the framework of the western Mediterranean geodynamics during the last 40 Myrs.     

联合古陆演化周期中超大型含煤及含油气盆地的形成

联合古陆———Ｐａｎｇｅａ的拼合与裂解反映了地球系统内部的巨大变革，这一过程根本上改变了浅部圈层的构造和环境。地史上超大型含煤盆地及含油气盆地与Ｐａｎｇｅａ的演化周期密切相关。在石炭纪及二叠纪拼合过程中形成了一系列超大型聚煤盆地；晚侏罗世Ｐａｎｇｅａ开始裂解，出现全球性裂陷作用期，大西洋张开，许多与裂陷有关的大型叠合盆地形成。在这些盆地中已发现十余个与晚侏罗世烃源岩有关的巨型含油气系统。上述情况表明Ｐａｎｇｅａ演化过程中出现了对能源资源聚集极为有利的古构造、古环境和古气候条件。     

40Ar-39Ar age of carbonatite-alkaline magmatism in Sung valley, Meghalaya, India

⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar analyses of one alkali pyroxenite whole rock and two phlogopite separates of calcite carbonatites from the Sung Valley carbonatite-alkaline complex, which is believed to be a part of the Rajmahal-Bengal-Sylhet (RBS) flood basalt province, yielded indistinguishable plateau ages of 108.8 ± 2.0Ma, 106.4 ± 1.3Ma and 107.5 ± 1.4Ma, respectively. The weighted mean of these ages, 107.2 ± 0.8 Ma, is the time of emplacement of this complex. This implies that Sung Valley complex and probably other such complexes in the Assam-Meghalaya Plateau postdate the main flood basalt event (i.e., the eruption of tholeiites) in the RBS province by ∼10Ma.     

山东胶莱盆地边缘层间滑动角砾岩型金矿地质特征及成矿动力学背景

以蓬家夼、大庄子和发云夼为代表的胶莱盆地北缘层间滑动角砾岩型金矿是近年来确立的一种新类型金矿。这种新类型金矿产出于走滑拉分盆地边缘,并受层间滑动断裂的控制。层间滑动断裂是在伸展构造环境下形成的,一般沿大理岩等相对脆性岩层产出,是一条由碎裂岩、角砾岩等张性构造岩构成、具有一定宽度的断裂构造岩带,具有倾向滑移的特点。层间滑动角砾岩型金矿化主要发生在大理岩质碎裂岩、角砾岩等张性构造岩胶结物内。地质研究及硫、碳及氢氧同位素证据表明,成矿物质和成矿流体具有多源性的特点,以源于下地壳及上地幔的深源成矿流体为主,下渗大气降水及盆地流体不同程度地参与了成矿作用过程,对金矿的形成起到了重要的作用。控矿断裂和金矿化的形成与中生代期间华北东部大地构造环境及胶莱盆地的形成演化密切相关。受区域构造应力场的影响,断裂经历了挤压—伸展—挤压的构造过程。中生代中晚期华北东部岩石圈的剧烈拉张减薄及郯庐断裂带的强烈活动为深源成矿流体的形成和大规模上升创造了聚集和运移的条件,金矿即与这次深源岩浆活动密切相关。     

上地幔流体的性质和作用——从女山幔源二辉橄榄岩捕虏体获得的证据

玄武岩浆从地幔深处挟带上来的超镁铁质捕虏体含有地幔流体的直接证据,它们对于阐明地幔深部地质作用(部分熔融作用、地幔交代作用)的机制十分重要。女山幔源二辉橄榄岩的研究结果表明,初始的地幔流体除富含CO_2外,尚含有H_2O和少量CO、CH_4、SO_2、C1、F。地幔中的初始流体(挥发组分)在源部是溶解于地幔橄揽岩的高压固体矿物相中,它们在地幔上隆减压时出溶,形成细小的最早期流体包裹体。这些自由流体相在一定部应聚集,使得地幔固相线(和液相线)下降,引起上地幔发生减压部分熔融。初始的部分熔融主要发生于矿物边界,以单斜辉石最易遭受,形成矿物边缘的海绵状部分熔融带。当地幔剪切流动时,初始的部分熔融体珠滴联合成大的珠滴,并开始渗透,在变形橄榄岩中相连成脉状网络,晚期含C0_2岩浆包裹体及填隙玻璃即为其代表。由于剪裂作用,熔体(和流体)压裂开上覆橄榄岩,产生岩墙状通道,并在上地幔的某些低压区聚集成岩浆库。流体和熔体均为地幔交代作用的介质。在流体参与下,上地幔低度部分熔融产生的熔体将高度富集不相容元素。这些熔体和流体与亏损地幔间的相互作用,可以带来不相容元素重大的局部富集。当流体(和熔体)中H_2O浓度低时,仅发生隐交代作用;当H_2O浓度较高时,部分熔融程度也较高,相应有含水相(如角闪石等)成核,出现矿物交代作用。     

下庄铀矿田337矿床成矿流体稀土元素示踪

337铀矿床位于下庄矿田东缘,区内发育近EW向、NNE向构造裂隙群及NW向辉绿岩和正长岩脉体,发育以碱性为主的多种围岩蚀变。区内矿床主要赋矿围岩的稀土元素特征属壳源型。矿石内金属矿物以沥青铀矿为主,矿石的LREE/HREE比值为3.25,Sm/Nd比值平均为0.307,Ce/Yb比值为7.127,这些数据都显示出成矿流体具有较深来源。矿石较围岩亏损稀土元素尤其是轻稀土元素,稀土元素分布模式平缓,与幔源辉绿岩特别是与正长岩的稀土元素分布模式相近,负铕异常比围岩更为强烈,反映成矿流体的来源具有幔源性。结合区域地质特征,可以认为337矿床成矿流体来源具有幔源性质。     

Implications of εNd—La／Nb,Ba／Nb,Nb／Th Diagrams to Mantle Heterogeneity—Classification of Island—arc Basalts and Decomposition of EMII Component

A group of εNd/Nb,Ba/Nb,Nb/Th diagrams are used to study mantle heterogeneity.Island-arc basalts(IAB) are distributed in a triangle of these diagrams. Three end-member components (the MORB-type depleted mantle, the fluid released from subducted oceanic crust and the sediments from the continental crust) of the source of IAB may be displayed in these diagrams. Two types of IAB are identified .They are of the two-component type (with little continental sediments), such as the basalts from Aletians and New Britain ,and the three-compeonent type, such as those from Sunda, Lesser Antilles and Andes. In addition ,the EMII type mantle-derived rocks may also be divided into two groups. One is exemplified by continental flood basalts and some peridotite xenoliths, similar to IAB, with high La/Nb and Ba/Nb and low Nb/Th ratios, The other includes the Samoa-type oceanic island basalts, with low La/Nb and Ba/Nb and high Nb/Th ratios. The corresponding two sub-components of EMII are EMIIM, which is related to the metasomatism of lithosphere mantle by fluids released from the subducted oceanic crust, and EMIISR, related to the intervention of recycling continental sediments into the convective mantle.     

中国地幔岩包体的研究现状及今后研究对策探讨

在系统回顾地幔岩包体的研究简史及研究现状的基础上,对我国地幔岩包体今后的研究对策进行了探讨。认为我国地幔岩包体今后的研究工作应重视地幔岩包体形成演化过程中压力（ｐ）、温度（Ｔ）、环境（Ｅ）和时代（ｔ）的综合制约作用,定量模拟地幔岩包体的形成过程,最终建立地幔岩包体形成演化的ｐＴＥｔ模式。     

Helium-argon isotopic tracing for the Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic ore deposits in the central-south segment of the Da Hinggan Ling Range

In recent years big strides have been made in the exploration of ores in the central-south segment of the Da Hinggan Ling Range, though some debates still exist on the metallogenesis and sources of ore-forming materials. Pyrite and other sulfides in direct relation to the Pb-Zn-Ag ore deposits were chosen for the He and Ar isotopic analysis of ore-forming fluids, and the first He and Ar isotope data have been obtained from the study region. ^3He/^4He ratios in 14 samples collected from 7 mining districts are 2.17×10^-6-12.52×10^-6, averaging 6.86×10^-6 and their R/Ra ratios are 1.56-9.01 Ra, averaging 4.37 Ra. By projecting the data points onto the ^3He-^4He concentrations diagram, all the points fall near the mantle helium area. The calculated mantle-source helium ratios are within the range of 19.58%-76.96%, with an average of 49.52%. Argon isotopic characteristics are close to those of mantle source, indicating that the ore-forming material was transport upwards via the multi-stage evolution of mantle plume and concentrated as ores in the favorable loci of mantle branch structures.     

试论湖南衡阳盆地与地幔柱的关系及其对关键矿产深部探测的意义

衡阳盆地是华南地区独具特色的中—新生代陆相沉积盆地,其形成机制与丰富的矿产资源都十分引人注目。衡阳盆地近等轴形态,地形上表现为典型的“盆山体系”,重力资料显示出地幔隆起的特征,构造形式上发育“棋盘状”和“环形(弧形)”格局,火成岩与成矿元素组合以及同位素特征均具有幔源特征,这表明衡阳盆地的形成与华南地区中生代地幔柱活动之间具有密切的成因联系。盆地及其周缘矿产资源具有长时期、多矿种、强富集的特征。不同时代和不同矿种组合的成矿作用与区域岩浆作用和盆地沉积作用具有明显的专属性。衡阳盆地及周边不但出现了丰富的有色金属和非金属矿产,也出现了钨锡铌钽铋碲铀等关键矿产,但后者的工作程度最低。因此,在深部矿产探测过程中应做到“四注意四加强”。