甘肃西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩中的球状分凝体及地幔流体反演

地幔流体在地质过程中的作用日益受到人们的重视,成为地球科学研究的一个前缘课题。提供了甘肃西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩中各种形态分凝体详细的岩相学、矿物学和矿物化学的资料,对分凝体的性质、深部地幔流体的成分及成因机制进行了讨论。研究表明,钾霞橄黄长岩中分凝体是软流圈地幔流体活动的记录,其成因机制与岩浆作用对软流圈的开放和软流圈上涌的条件下,原生钾霞橄黄长岩浆的分异作用（特别是液态不混熔作用）,以及岩浆的抽提作用、动态熔融作用等综合作用有关。     

CaTiO3－钙钛矿的晶体结构相变、高温流变及其下地幔地球动力学意义

利用高精度的ＭＴＳ材料实验系统,在１４７３－１６７３Ｋ的温度区间和可控热力学环境条件下,对［１００］ｐｃ和［１１０］ｐｃ两个方位的ＣａＴｉＯ3－钙钛矿单晶体进行了高温蠕变试验,着重观测了晶体结构相变和高温流变的相关性．研究表明,钙钛矿的晶体结构相变对其高温流变性质有明显影响,斜方晶系钙钛矿蠕变强度大大高于四方和立方晶系钙钛矿,后两者具有很强的高温塑性各向异性．在分析相变过程晶体结构变化特征和观测到的高温流变数据基础上,认为钙钛矿晶体结构相变中发生的位错结构的变化是导致其高温流变性变化的主要物理机制．     

Secular variation of the poloidal magnetic field at the core–mantle boundary

A region of enhanced conductivity at the base of the mantle is modelled by an infinitesimally thin sheet of uniform effective conductance adjacent to the core–mantle boundary. Currents induced in this sheet by the temporally varying magnetic field produced by the geodynamo give rise to a discontinuity in the horizontal components of the poloidal magnetic field on crossing the sheet, while the radial component is continuous across the sheet. Treating the rest of the mantle as an insulator, the horizontal components of the poloidal magnetic field and their secular variation at the top of the core are determined from geomagnetic field, secular variation and secular acceleration models. It is seen that for an assumed effective conductance of the sheet of 10⁸  S, which may be not unrealistic, the changes produced in the horizontal components of the poloidal field at the top of the core are usually ≤10 per cent, but corrections to the secular variation in these components at the top of the core are typically 40 per cent, which is greater than the differences that exist between different secular variation models for the same epoch. Given the assumption that all the conductivity of the mantle is concentrated into a thin shell, the present method is not restricted to a weakly conducting mantle. Results obtained are compared with perturbation solutions.