新型节水灌溉控制原理的应用研究

在土壤-植物-大气连续体系(SPAC)中,以植物茎、果微增长及其含水量变化作为植物需水信息建立的灌溉自动控制系统,可实现植物水分适度亏缺,有效调控其生长发育。实验结果表明,同充分供水的植株或树体相比,节水15.6%时,玉米长势良好,节水21.4%时,柑桔果实生长未受影响。     

黄河源区早更新世含植物化石地层的发现及意义

通过对扎根加陇早更新世湖相地层(1919.6kaB.P.)、棒咯涌K5号钻孔早更新世河湖相地层(1135.9～945.4kaB.P.)、野牛河西岸早更新世河湖相地层(1548.2～765.4kaB.P.)以及产于扎根加陇早更新世湖相地层中的植物化石、各剖面孢粉资料的分析,获知黄河源区早更新世早期为亚热带山地针叶林植被景观,地层中木本植物花粉占绝对优势,以针叶植物云杉属、松属、冷杉属、铁杉属为主,是源区动植物发育的鼎盛时期;进入早更新世晚期初,乔木植物花粉迅速减少乃至全部消失,草本植物花粉大幅度增加。晚期末,孢粉出现贫化,以草本植物花粉为主,呈现荒漠草原植被景观。提出了现今黄河源区生态地质环境的形成是地质演化的必然结果。     

Effects of Enclosure on Plant and Soil Nutrients in Different Types of Alpine Grassland

Enclosure is one of the most widely used management tools for degraded alpine grassland on the northern Tibetan Plateau, but the responses of different types of grassland to enclosure may vary, and research on these responses can provide a scientific basis for improving ecological conservation. This study took one site for each of three grassland types (alpine meadow, alpine steppe and alpine desert) on the northern Tibetan Plateau as examples, and explored the effects of enclosure on plant and soil nutrients by comparing differences in plant community biomass, leaf-soil nutrient content and their stoichiometry between samples from inside and outside the fence. The results showed that enclosure can significantly increase all aboveground biomass in these three grassland types, but it only increased the 10-20 cm underground biomass in the alpine desert. Enclosure also significantly increased the leaf nutrient content of the dominant plants and contents of total nitrogen (N), total potassium (K), and organic carbon (C) in 10-20 cm soil in alpine desert, thus changing the stoichiometry between C, N and P (phosphorus). However, enclosure significantly increased only the N content of dominant plant leaves in alpine steppe, while other nutrients and stoichiometries of both plant leaves and soil did not show significant differences in alpine meadow and alpine steppe. These results suggested that enclosure has differential effects on these three types of alpine grasslands on the northern Tibetan Plateau, and the alpine desert showed the most active ecological conservation in the responses of its soil and plant nutrients.     

辽南核电站厂址区断层的评价问题

作者通过对核安全法规的学习和前人对辽南核电站厂址区断层的调查，并结合对断层实际踏勘，认为厂址区附近的东岗断层属于现行法规（ＨＡＦ０１０１）中规定的能动断层。但是，仅此一点并不能构成对推荐厂址的威胁，因为断层距厂址直线距离约４ｋｍ，断层的地表或近地表错动不会直接影响到核反应堆的安全。     

基于生态水文学的地下水资源管理研究——以延庆盆地为例

传统的地下水资源管理往往只关注地下水位的变化,而很少考虑变化的水位会对区域生态系统产生什么样的影响。本文在生态水文模拟的基础上提出了一种基于生态水文学的地下水资源管理新方法。该方法耦合土壤水分与地下水位,考虑植物在水分胁迫下的蒸腾抑制机理,通过土壤水分亏缺与植物水分胁迫耦合水文过程与植物响应,进行基于过程的分布式生态水...     

Effects of corridor networks on plant species composition and diversity in an intensive agriculture landscape

The development of modern agriculture has resulted in much homogenization of the landscape consisting of large patches of farmland,so small remnant non-crop habitats especially linear corridors play an important role in the conservation of species and the maintenance of ecosystem functions.However,little attention has been paid to the effects of corridors structural characteristics on the plant species restricted to such habitats.In this study,we selected three types of corridors including ditch,hedgerow and road,and ana-lyzed their structural characteristics.The plant species presented in these corridors were investigated,and the species diversity,abun-dance and frequency were estimated.Moreover,spatial arrangements of corridors were classified into different types to discuss whether there were significant effects of corridor network on plant distribution.The results show that three types of corridors have different ef-fects on plant species composition and diversity.The one-one combined corridor networks and total network associated by three corri-dors have more complex structural features than each single type of corridor.However,there is no strong correlation between the corri-dor networks with their plant species.We suggest that carrying out a pointed vegetation survey at corridor intersections to further test the relationships between structural features of corridor and plants is necessary.     

白云鄂博矿区土壤和植物中稀土元素的分布特征

白云鄂博矿区是稀土的主要产出地,在矿山开采和选炼等过程中,稀土元素通过迁移、富集等作用进入植物体,研究稀土元素的分布特征和迁移规律,可为白云鄂博矿体闭坑后的生物修复提供数据支持。本文设置了7个土壤采样点,采集铁花、沙蒿、沙打旺、沙朋、青蒿、小叶杨、猪毛菜七种植物,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤和植物的根、茎、叶及整株的稀土含量,研究稀土元素在土壤和植物中的分布特征和迁移规律。统计分析结果表明:随着采样区与主矿区的距离增加,土壤样品中的稀土含量逐渐减少;在七种植物中,铁花的稀土含量最高,青蒿最低;对不同植物的整株稀土含量和各部位(根、茎、叶)稀土含量进行多元线性回归分析,叶(或花)的稀土含量在整珠植物中的占比最大。此外在不同季节,植物中的稀土含量基本保持不变,含量较高的稀土元素为Ce(0.0035%～0.020%)、La(0.0012%～0.011%)、Nd(0.0010%～0.0094%)和Pr(0.00036%～0.0046%),其中Ce最高。本研究提出:根据土壤样品中的稀土含量逐渐减少的特征,矿区周围土壤的稀土来源可能是矿石在采、选过程中的扩散造成的;根据植物富集稀土的能力,在矿山闭坑后,可种植富集稀土能力强的植物——铁花,进行矿山生物修复。     

被污染土壤的植物修复研究

植物修复是利用植物吸收、降解、挥发、根滤、稳定、泵吸等作用机理,达到去除土壤、水体中污染物,或使污染物固定以减轻其危害性,或使污染物转化为毒性较低化学形态的现场治理技术.植物修复对于重金属污染土壤的治理修复具有重要意义.已有研究在累积与超累积植物的寻找筛选、植物对重金属等有害物的耐毒和解毒机理、植物修复现场环境调控及根际处理技术等方面取得了大量成果.现代分子生物学、基因工程技术发展有可能使植物修复技术取得重大突破.     

Quantitative classification and analysis on plant communities in the middle reaches of the Tarim River

Plant communities were sampled in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang. The results showed that there are 23 species belonging to 21 genera in 11 families, most of which have low occurrence frequency in quadrats. The most common species is Tamarix ramosissima, which occurred in 17 sites accounting for 89.47% of the total 19 sites. Quantitative classification (TWINSPAN) and ordination (CCA) methods were used to study the distribution patterns of 23 plant species in 19 sites in this valley. TWINSPAN results showed that the plant communities in the middle reaches of the Tarim River could be divided into 3 groups and the sampling sites could be divided into 7 types in 3 groups. CCA results were consistent with TWINSPAN results, and showed species distribution patterns correlated with major environmental variables of groundwater level and soil moisture.     

Water uptake of riparian plants in the lower Lhasa River Basin,South Tibetan Plateau using stable water isotopes

Riparian plants can adapt their water uptake strategies based on climatic and hydrological conditions within a river basin. The response of cold-alpine riparian trees to changes in water availability is poorly understood. The Lhasa River is a representative cold-alpine river in South Tibet and an under-studied environment. Therefore, a 96 km section of the lower Lhasa River was selected for a study on the water-use patterns of riparian plants. Plant water, soil water, groundwater and river water were measured at three sites for δ¹⁸O and δ²H values during the warm-wet and cold-dry periods in 2018. Soil profiles differed in isotope values between seasons and with the distance along the river. During the cold-dry period, the upper parts of the soil profiles were significantly affected by evaporation. During the warm-wet period, the soil profile was influenced by precipitation infiltration in the upper reaches of the study area and by various water sources in the lower reaches. Calculations using the IsoSource model indicated that the mature salix and birch trees (Salix cheilophila Schneid. and Betula platyphylla Suk.) accessed water from multiple sources during the cold-dry period, whereas they sourced more than 70% of their requirement from the upper 60–80 cm of the soil profile during the warm-wet period. The model indicated that the immature rose willow tree (Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb) accessed 66% of its water from the surface soil during the cold-dry period, but used the deeper layers during the warm-wet period. The plant type was not the dominant factor driving water uptake patterns in mature plants. Our findings can contribute to strategies for the sustainable development of cold-alpine riparian ecosystems. It is recommended that reducing plantation density and collocating plants with different rooting depths would be conducive to optimal plant growth in this environment.