便携式钻机在水泥灰岩矿勘查中的应用

便携式钻机已广泛应用于地质与工程勘查中,为了进一步扩大便携式钻机的应用范围,倡导绿色勘查,在湖南省东安县王师岭矿区水泥灰岩矿勘查中,采用ZY-25型便携式钻机以钻代槽进行地表取样,取得了较好的效果。应用实践表明,当矿区构造简单,岩层产状较平缓且稳定,矿体厚度较大,矿石有用组分含量较高且分布均匀,有害组分含量较低时,采用便携式钻机取样代替槽探取样评价矿床是可行的。     

马兰煤矿主斜井底水仓底板加固防治水方法

山西太原古交矿区马兰煤矿主斜井底水仓布置在奥陶系顶部隔水关键层内,其底板为奥陶系峰峰组灰岩,隔水层厚度4.17 m,受到底板奥灰承压含水层的严重威胁。为了消除突水隐患,在水仓底板岩石变形破坏机理模拟研究的基础上,同时考虑到研究区奥灰含水层距离近、水量大的特殊情况,探索出一种新型注浆加固方法对水仓底板进行注浆加固,并取得了良好效果。设计为一钢筋混凝土盖先覆于水仓底板上,同时用加强筋与围岩连接,之后再采用浅孔低压与深孔高压交替注浆充填的方法进行加固。此方法使水仓底板与围岩成为一个整体,对浆液起到封闭作用,使底板更加稳固。     

南京梁代石刻微侵蚀的研究

从地貌学角度较系统地分析了梁代石灰岩石刻表面自然毁损的微侵蚀机制，本文指出，雨水沿缝合线渗流，经多种地衣及兰藻、绿藻等生物作用而大大加强了溶蚀作用，导致石刻的崩解，并讨论此种特殊微侵蚀形态的形成机制在地貌学理论研究中的意义。     

Plate tectonics,palaeoenvironments and limestone geomorphology in West-Central Britain

The variety of active, exhumed, and buried limestone landforms of northern England, North Wales, and the Isle of Man arises in part from the way in which Dinantian (Lower Carboniferous) sedimentation was affected by a tilt-block basement structure evolved during the closure of the Iapetus Ocean suture to the north, and partly to subsequent plate tectonic movements associated with the closure of the proto-Tethys ocean, the opening of the Atlantic Ocean and the Alpine orogeny. Landforms created during the Dinantian now form important exhumed and buried landscape features. The Permian half-graben structures of the eastern Irish Sea-Cheshire-Worcester Basins account for many of the contrasts between the upland karsts of the Pennines and the lowland karsts of coastal areas.     

Simulation of the dissolution of weathered versus unweathered limestone in carbonic acid solutions of varying strength

A simulation was undertaken within a climatic chamber to investigate limestone dissolution under varied carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) strengths as a possible analogue for future increases in atmospheric CO₂ arising from global warming. Twenty‐eight samples cut from a block of Bath (Box Hill) limestone from Somerville College, Oxford, which had been removed during restoration after 150 years in an urban environment, were weighed and placed in closed bottles of thin plastic containing varying concentrations of H₂CO₃. Half of the stone samples were derived from exposed surfaces of the stone block (weathered) while the others were obtained from the centre of the block on unexposed surfaces (unweathered). The purpose of this was to compare dissolution of previously weathered versus unweathered surfaces in strong (pH 4·73) versus weak (pH 6·43) solutions of H₂CO₃. A temperature of c. 19 °C was maintained within the chamber representing a plausible future temperature in Oxford for the year 2200 given current warming scenarios. The simulation lasted 25 days with a few stone samples being removed midway. Stone samples show reduced weight in all cases but one. There was greater dissolution of stone samples in a strong H₂CO₃ solution as conveyed by higher concentrations of total hardness and Ca²⁺ in the water samples as well as enhanced microscopic dissolution features identified using SEM. The simulation confirms that enhanced atmospheric CO₂ under global warming, given adequate moisture, will accelerate dissolution rates particularly of newly replaced limestone building stones. However, previously weathered surfaces, such as those on historical stone exposed for a century or more, appear to be less susceptible to the effects of such increased rainfall acidity. Conservation techniques which remove weathered surfaces, such as stone cleaning, may accelerate future decay of historical limestone structures by increasing their susceptibility to dissolution. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

四川龙门山地区阳新组灰岩地质特征及用途

二叠系阳新组灰岩厚度240~350 m，走向延伸大于50 km，出露面积15 km²以上，资源储量极为丰富.研究区0.6 km²范围内资源量为5193×10⁴ t.阳新组灰岩CaO含量49.87%~55.74%，MgO含量0.24%~2.80%，SiO₂含量0.38%~5.80%之间，SO₃含量0.01%~0.40%，K₂O+Na₂O含量0.02%~0.12%，均达到Ⅰ级水泥用料要求.饱和抗压强度41.6~82.4 MPa，坚固性1%~3%，压碎指标8.2%~9.6%；所有指标均符合建筑石料用要求.对阳新组灰岩地质特征、物理化学指标的分析评价显示，其可广泛运用于水泥、建筑石料等领域，具有重要的经济价值和意义.     

湖相生物碎屑灰岩热模拟气特征

通过对山东平邑盆地下第三系湖相生物碎屑灰岩加水热模拟气的研究,探讨了热解气的产率、组成及结构参数的变化特征。湖相生物碎屑灰岩热解气总体上以非烃气为主要组分,非烃中又以ＣＯ２含量最高,其高含量与碳酸盐岩分解有关;其次为Ｎ２和Ｈ２,ＣＯ含量甚微。烃气中以烷烃为主,烯烃含量很低。在正异构烃组成中异构烃含量相对高。干燥系数和酸烷比随模拟温度升高而规律变化,可以用来衡量有机质的成熟度。     

Warm‐temperate,marine, carbonate sedimentation in an Early Miocene,tide‐influenced,incised valley; Provence,south‐east France

The Saumane‐Venasque compound palaeovalley succession accumulated in a strongly tide‐influenced embayment or estuary. Warm‐temperate normal marine to brackish conditions led to deposition of extensive cross‐bedded biofragmental calcarenites. Echinoids, bryozoans, coralline algae, barnacles and benthic foraminifera were produced in seagrass meadows, on rocky substrates colonized by macroalgae and within subaqueous dune fields. There are two sequences, S1 and S2, the first of which contains three high‐frequency sequences (S1a, S1b and S1c). Sequence 1 is largely confined to the palaeovalley with its upper part covering interfluves. Each of these has a similar upward succession of deposits that includes: (i) a basal erosional surface that is bored and glauconitized; (ii) a discontinuous lagoonal lime mudstone or wackestone; (iii) a thin conglomerate generated by tidal ravinement; (iv) a transgressive systems tract series of cross‐bedded calcarenites; (v) a maximum flooding interval of argillaceous, muddy quartzose, open‐marine limestones; and (vi) a thin highstand systems tract of fine‐grained calcarenite. Tidal currents during stages S1a, S1b and S1c were accentuated by the constricted valley topography, whereas basin‐scale factors enhanced tidal currents during the deposition of S2. The upper part of the succession in all but S1c has been removed by later erosion. There is an overall upward temporal change with quartz, barnacles, encrusting corallines and epifaunal echinoids decreasing but bryozoans, articulated corallines and infaunal echinoids increasing. This trend is interpreted to be the result of changing oceanographic conditions as the valley was filled, bathymetric relief was reduced, rocky substrates were replaced as carbonate factories by seagrass meadows and subaqueous dunes, and the setting became progressively less confined and more open marine. These limestones are characteristic of a suite of similar cool‐water calcareous sand bodies in environments with little siliciclastic or fresh water input during times of high‐amplitude sea‐level change wherein complex inboard antecedent topography was flooded by a rising ocean.     

Quantitative study of landscape patterns in homogenous carbonate rock distributed regions in Guizhou

With the utilization of GIS software, research is conducted on （a） the characteristics of cells, fragmentation, and patch fractal of landscape based on homogenous carbonate rocks in Guizhou; （b） causes of the formation of these characteristics. It has been found that under the influence of lithology, the landscape of the study region as a whole shows consistency, yet embodies distinct diversity inside. The consistency is embodied in the following aspects： （a） the preponderant landscape consists of bushes and small woods; （b） secondary landscape is characteristic of forests and grounds covered with grass; （c） of all the patches making up the study area small patches are in the majority, with positive-skewed distribution of patches-as a result, steep peaks are characteristic of the charts showing the distribution of patches. The factor of scale is not taken into account in the study of patches. The shapes of patches tend to be regular with strong disturbances from human activities, and consequently, the values of fractal dimensions of landscape types tend to get smaller. The fragmentation of patches is more apparent in landscape under influence of human activities than the one without these disturbances. Compared with regions characteristic of homogenous dolomite, the characteristics of homogenous limestone areas are described as follows： （a） low utilization rate of water resource; （b） uneven distribution of diversified landscape; （c） weak resistance against disturbances from human activities; （d） the continuous degradation, ever-increasing fragmentation, intensification of spatial heterogeneity, and the deteriorating stability of landscape.     

藏南岗巴—定日地区始新世化石碳酸盐岩微相与沉积环境

藏南岗巴-定日地区发育着西藏最晚期的海相沉积，对这套海相沉积的研究，可提供关于西藏特提斯演化晚期的良好信息，本文对岗巴-定日地区始新世遮普惹组的化石碳酸盐岩微相进行了较为详细的分析和研究。参考Wilson(1975)的标准微相，初步识别出10种微相和5种生物相类型。同时对遮普惹组中的砾状灰岩的成因机制作了有益的探讨，它完全是由沉积作用而成；胶结物不是源于物质的重新分配，而是台地边缘斜坡的等深流沉积。以此为基础，对西藏特提斯晚期沉积环境的演变进行了较为详细的分析。笔者认为：岗巴-定日盆地在始新世Ypresian-Lutetian早期接受海侵；自Lutetian晚期开始，区内总体处于一种海退环境，但由于受板块碰撞作用的影响，岗巴地区在Lutetian晚期-Bartonian晚期成为-深水坳陷盆地；至Priabonian早期，海水完全退出本区。