鄂东北早元古代沉积变质锰矿元素矿物组合特征

鄂东北早元古代沉积变质锰矿是我国时代最古老的锰矿之一,是由早元古代锰质碳酸盐岩经区域变质作用而成,后又经风化富集形成工业矿床。由于特殊的地质构造背景和成矿作用的多阶段性,元素和矿物组合复杂,具有独特性。本文研究了各种组分的演变关系和元素集散因素,为锰质碳酸盐岩在高压绿片岩相区域动力变质及其后表生作用中的演变提供了一个实例。     

Geochemistry of ice-covered, meromictic Lake A in the Canadian High Arctic

The geochemical processes occurring within meromictic Lake A (maxdepth 120 m) on northern Ellesmere Island, Canada, were investigated to determinethe history of the lake and to provide a baseline for future studies. The lake contained seawaterdiluted by freshwater input that had been mixed prior to the lake's isolation from tidalaction. Input of freshwater after isolation of the lake created vertical stratification resultingin the creation of distinct oxic, suboxic and anoxic zones. Dissolved oxygen was present to 13 m,and sulphide beneath 32 m. Manganese and iron cycling dominated the redox chemistrybetween these depths. Total manganese concentrations reached 176 M, higher thanin most other natural stratified lake or marine environments.     

大面积深厚杂填土地基处理技术

通过一项具体的工程实例,论述了深厚杂填土地基的基本工程特性。介绍了一种处理深厚杂填土地基的新技术———重锤冲扩挤密灰渣土桩复合地基技术,并对施工过程的控制,以及施工效果的检测结果进行了分析,得出了对于大面积深厚杂填土地基采用此技术处理后,能够消除地基深部湿陷性,复合地基承载力可以满足200 kPa。     

江西黄连坑锰矿成矿特征及成因探讨

江西省武宁县境内分布了众多的小型铁、锰矿床(点),前人称之为“武宁式”铁矿。通过对黄连坑锰矿区地层的含矿性、控矿构造及容矿构造、矿体特征、矿石类型等地质特征的论述,认为震旦系地层是“初始矿源层”,滑脱构造对成矿物质起迁移、富集及容矿作用。并与萍—乐断陷盆地内的沉积加热液叠改型乐华锰矿床进行了对比分析,二者在矿体规模、矿石类型、锰品位等方面存在显著差别,应属不同成因类型的矿床。初步认为黄连坑锰矿床属构造控矿、风化淋滤成因。     

Investigations of the effects of manganese addition to Dry Creek Saltfield brines

Trials conducted at Dry Creek, a solar saltfield north of Adelaide, Australia, indicate that manganese, as manganous sulphate, can increase both the purity and strength of salt crystals grown at an ambient or neutral-slightly acid pH range resulting in a salt suitable for high purity uses. The improved load bearing strength of the crystals indicates that manganous sulphate could also be useful in salt floor maintenance. However, the impact of an apparently slight rise in pH to 8.5 was significant. Crystals produced at the higher pH from the manganese enriched brine were opaque with many tiny, almost colloidal crystals. The salt did not drain well, had low load bearing strength and was notably impure.     

Extractable and total Fe and Mn contents of three sand dune soils in NW Nigeria

The profile distribution of total, diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA)- and 0·1 HCl-extractable Fe and Mn were determined in 12 pedons formed on three contiguous sand dunes in the semi-arid savanna of Nigeria. The total Fe and Mn contents varied from 100 to 3750 and 40 to 11,375 μg g⁻¹, respectively. Values of 0·1 HCl-extractable Fe and Mn varied from 8·0 to 123 and 1·5 to 43·5 μg g⁻¹, respectively. The corresponding values of DTPA-extractable Fe and Mn were 4·5 to 16·0 and 1·0 to 38·8 μg g⁻¹. Total Fe and Mn correlated significantly with clay in nearly all the dunes (p≤ 0·01) but were not significantly correlated with organic matter. The 0·1 HCl-extractable Mn had a positive significant correlation with soil pH (r= 0·58*) in Illela dunes but a negative significant correlation with pH in the Sangiwa dunes (r= −0·75***). The values of extractable Fe and Mn in the sand dune soils are above the critical limits reported in other literature, thus deficiencies of these micronutrients do not pose a problem to crop production in the study area.     

环境污染及保护对策

环境保护中一个非常重要的工作,是广泛深入地开展环境地质工作。在赣南、江西乃至全国,环境地质工作的主要内容是防治水土流失,严禁废渣、废水随意排放,控制人口激增,保护有限耕地;为保护生态平衡,必须加强环境立法与执法,提高环境保护的重要性和必要性的认识,大规模切实地保护耕地,因地制宜植树造林。     

鲁西南地区地下水锰的分布特征及其成因

为了解鲁西南地区地下水中锰的含量及其成因,采集并分析了276组地下水样和18组地表水样,结果表明,鲁西南平原区浅层地下水中锰含量在未检出至2.84mg/L之间,平均浓度为0.35mg/L,超标率达41%。鲁西南地区地下水中锰含量的分布与该区的工业化程度以及所处的补、径、排条件密切相关。影响地下水中锰含量分布的因素主要有表层土壤、地下水径流条件及含水层介质和地下水矿化度等。     

滇东南地区中三叠统沉积型锰矿的热释光特征

矿物和岩石的热释光是矿物晶体特征中研究程度较低的领域。将采自滇东南地区中三叠统的锰矿样品分类后进行热释光实验研究。实验发现:上矿段褐红色锰碳酸盐集合体的热释光谱线多两峰型,前特征峰位于250～350℃之间,后特征峰位于350～430℃之间,且前峰的峰值明显低于后峰,热释光强度最大值均出现在最高温度——450℃处,前峰均存在,后峰偶有缺失;下矿段黑色锰氧化物集合体的热释光特征是在280～340℃处为第一峰,而在390±10℃范围内为一拐点,420±10℃处为另一拐点,使热释光谱线呈现阶梯状,但部分样品第一峰缺失。将上、下矿段同类矿样的热释光谱线对比发现:上、下矿段内部的同类型矿石的热释光特征具相似性,上、下矿段之间的同类型矿石的热释光特征几乎无可比性,说明矿石形成时所处环境对热释光谱线的影响大于矿物成分对矿石热释光谱线的影响。